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984 results for “migratory”
Strong migratory connectivity indicates Willets need subspecies-specific conservation strategies
<p>By combining all available banding and tracking data, we found that Willets (<em>Tringa semipalmata</em>) have strong migratory connectivity between breeding and nonbreeding locations at the range-wide and subspecies levels, exposing the two subspecies to varying threats such as hunting for the eastern subspecies (<em>T. s. semipalmata</em>) and climatically-altered coastal habitats for both subspecies. We found that Western Willets (<em>T. s. inornata</em>) primarily used nonbreeding habitats along the Pacific Coast of the United States, although their reported nonbreeding range extends to the U.S. Atlantic and Gulf Coasts and the Pacific Coast of Central and South America. Eastern Willets wintered in Central and South America, which covers much of the subspecies' known nonbreeding range. By quantifying migratory connectivity within and between two subspecies, we could suggest subspecies-specific threats and potential limiting factors in the breeding and nonbreeding periods of the annual cycle of a declining migratory shorebird. Effective management of the species will likely require a range of conservation strategies across the diverse nonbreeding regions the two subspecies occupy within the United States, Central America, and South America. However, more data are needed from Willets breeding in mid-continent North America to understand the complete extent of overlap of the two subspecies throughout the annual cycle. The strong migratory connectivity documented here highlights the need to manage Willets by subspecies and protect a diversity of breeding and nonbreeding habitats, which will benefit the conservation of other shorebird species that overlap with Willets throughout the annual cycle.</p>
Data from: Contrasting responses in community structure and phenology of migratory and non-migratory pollinators to urbanization
[No abstract entered]
Reduced habitat suitability and landscape connectivity in a songbird migratory divide
<p><b>Aim</b></p> <p>Seasonal migration is a common phenomenon in animals and connects geographically distant ecosystems. Considerable variation has been documented in this behaviour and migratory divides (contact zones between populations that use different routes to navigate around ecological barriers) are an example of this. Migratory divides could have important implications for ecological speciation as hybrids in divides take intermediate routes and it has been predicted that these routes will be ecologically inferior as they bring hybrids over barriers that parental forms avoid. We provide the first test of this prediction here using a well-characterized divide between coastal and inland subspecies of Swainson's thrushes.</p> <p><b>Location</b></p> <p>North, Central and South America</p> <p><b>Time period</b></p> <p>2006-2013</p> <p><b>Major taxa studied</b></p> <p>Birds</p> <p><b>Methods</b></p> <p>We used ecological niche models and analyses of landscape connectivity to predict suitable habitat for coastal and inland thrushes on migration and identify optimal migratory routes. We compared estimates of habitat suitability and landscape connectivity along the actual migratory routes of birds tracked with light-level geolocators.</p> <p><b>Results</b></p> <p>Consistent with predictions for migratory divides, niche models estimated lower habitat suitability in the intermediate range between the migratory ranges of parental forms. Furthermore, our models of landscape connectivity predicted optimal routes that circumvent this intermediate area. Birds taking intermediate routes used stopover sites of lower predicted habitat suitability than birds migrating on either side of the divide and overlapped less with optimal paths.</p> <p><b>Main conclusions</b></p> <p>Our results support the prediction that intermediate routes of hybrids in migratory divides are ecologically inferior to those of parental forms. This finding suggests ecological differences are helping to maintain divides and could have broad implications, with divides shaping the distribution and maintenance of species boundaries globally and across many taxonomic groups.</p>
Figure 1 in Morphological and molecular evidences of Ascaridia galli in migratory quail Coturnix coturnix japonica from Baluchistan Pakistan
Figure 1. (A) Male mouth parts of A. galli (arrow showing the two lips) one lip is behind; (B) Mid portion of male; (C) Preanal sucker in tail region.
Figure 5 in Impact of a large dam on reproduction of a non-migratory teleost species, Acestrorhynchus lacustris (Characiformes: Acestrorhynchidae)
Figure 5. Frequency of the maturation stages of the A. lacustris collected in two sections on the São Francisco River downstream from the Três Marias Dam. Gonadal maturation stages of females: F1= resting, F2= initial maturation, F3= advanced maturation/mature, F4A= partially sapawned and F4B= totally sapawned; and males: M2= initial maturation, M3= advanced maturation/mature and M4A= partially spent.
Data from: Low migratory connectivity is common in long-distance migrant birds
1. Estimating how much long-distance migrant populations spread out and mix during the non-breeding season (migratory connectivity) is essential for understanding and predicting population dynamics in the face of global change. 2. We quantify variation in population spread and inter-population mixing in long-distance, terrestrial migrant land-bird populations (712 individuals from 98 populations of 45 species, from tagging studies in the Neotropic and Afro-Palearctic flyways). We evaluate the Mantel test as a metric of migratory connectivity, and explore the extent to which variance in population spread can be explained simply by geography. 3. The mean distance between two individuals from the same population during the non-breeding season was 743 km, covering 10–20% of the maximum width of Africa / South America. Individuals from different breeding populations tended to mix during the non-breeding season, though spatial segregation was maintained in species with relatively large non-breeding ranges (and, to a lesser extent, those with low population-level spread). A substantial amount of between-population variation in population spread was predicted simply by geography, with populations using non-breeding zones with limited land availability (e.g. Central America compared to South America) showing lower population spread. 4. The high levels of population spread suggest that deterministic migration strategies are not generally adaptive; this makes sense in the context of the recent evolution of the systems, and the spatial and temporal unpredictability of non-breeding habitat. 5. The conservation implications of generally low connectivity are that the loss (or protection) of any non-breeding site will have a diffuse but widespread effect on many breeding populations. Although low connectivity should engender population resilience to shifts in habitat (e.g. due to climate change), we suggest it may increase susceptibility to habitat loss. We hypothesise that because a migrant species cannot adapt to both simultaneously, migrants generally may be more susceptible to population declines in the face of concurrent anthropogenic habitat and climate change.
Data from: Disruptive selection without genome-wide evolution across a migratory divide
Transcontinental migration is a fascinating example of how animals can respond to climatic oscillation. Yet, quantitative data on fitness components are scarce, and the resulting population genetic consequences are poorly understood. Migratory divides, hybrid zones with a transition in migratory behaviour, provide a natural setting to investigate the micro-evolutionary dynamics induced by migration under sympatric conditions. Here, we studied the effects of migratory programme on survival, trait evolution and genome-wide patterns of population differentiation in a migratory divide of European barn swallows. We sampled a total of 824 individuals from both allopatric European populations wintering in central and southern Africa, respectively, along with two mixed populations from within the migratory divide. While most morphological characters varied by latitude consistent with Bergmann's rule, wing length co-varied with distance to wintering grounds. Survival data collected during a 5-year period provided strong evidence that this covariance is repeatedly generated by disruptive selection against intermediate phenotypes. Yet, selection-induced divergence did not translate into genome-wide genetic differentiation as assessed by microsatellites, mtDNA and >20 000 genome-wide SNP markers; nor did we find evidence of local genomic selection between migratory types. Among breeding populations, a single outlier locus mapped to the BUB1 gene with a role in mitotic and meiotic organization. Overall, this study provides evidence for an adaptive response to variation in migration behaviour continuously eroded by gene flow under current conditions of nonassortative mating. It supports the theoretical prediction that population differentiation is difficult to achieve under conditions of gene flow despite measurable disruptive selection.
Data from: Correlates of alternative migratory strategies in western bluebirds
Partial migration occurs when only some animals in a population migrate. While evidence suggests that migratory strategies are partially controlled by genes, individual and environmental conditions which alter the cost‐benefit trade‐off of migration among individuals are also likely to play a role. Three hypotheses have been advanced to explain condition‐dependent partial migration: the arrival time, dominance, and body size hypotheses. In this study, we asked whether these hypotheses explained differences in migratory strategy among individuals in a partially migratory population of western bluebirds (Sialia mexicana) breeding in southern British Columbia, Canada. We used stable hydrogen isotope signatures in claw tissue to determine migratory strategy of individual bluebirds, and examined patterns of migration at both individual and population levels. The proportion of resident bluebirds varied significantly over the three years of the study, and across study sites. Several migrants switched to the resident strategy between years; however, we found no evidence of strategy switching in the opposite direction. Young birds were significantly more likely to be resident than older birds, a pattern which could arise if early arrival is particularly important for birds obtaining a territory for the first time. Furthermore, young females were the most likely of all sex‐age classes to be resident, which may reflect a survival advantage of residency for young females. Finally, birds mated assortatively by migratory strategy and isotopic evidence suggests that members of a pair often wintered in the same place. Our results provided no support for the dominance or body size hypotheses, and only limited support for the arrival time hypothesis in bluebirds. However, taken together, we suggest that our findings indicate that social factors may influence migratory strategies in this system.
Data from: Natal dispersal of whooping cranes in the reintroduced eastern migratory population
<p>Natal dispersal is a key demographic process for evaluating population rate of change, especially for long-lived, highly mobile species. This process is largely unknown for reintroduced populations of endangered avian species. We evaluated natal dispersal distances (NDD) for male and female Whooping Cranes (<i>Grus americana</i>) introduced into two locations in central Wisconsin (Necedah National Wildlife Refuge, or NNWR, and the Eastern Rectangle, or ER) using a series of demographic, spatial, and life history related covariates. Data were analyzed using Gamma Regression models with a log-link function and compared using Akaike Information Criterion corrected for small sample sizes (AICc). Whooping Cranes released in the ER dispersed 261% further than those released into NNWR, dispersal distance increased 4% for each additional nesting pair, decreased about 24% for males as compared to females, increased for 21% for inexperienced pairs, and decreased 3% for each additional year of age. Natal philopatry, habitat availability, and competition for breeding territories may be influencing observed patterns of NDD. Whooping Cranes released in the ER may exhibit longer NDD due to fragmented habitat or conspecific attraction to established breeding pairs at NNWR. Additionally, sex-biased dispersal may be increasing in this population as there are more individuals from different natal sites forming breeding pairs. As the population grows and continues to disperse, the drivers of NDD patterns may evolve.</p>
Data from: Evaluating adaptive divergence between migratory and non-migratory ecotypes of a salmonid fish, Oncorhynchus mykiss
Next generation sequencing and the application of population genomic and association approaches have made it possible to detect selection and unravel the genetic basis to variable phenotypic traits. Using the two approaches in parallel is an especially attractive approach in non-models organisms that lack a sequenced and annotated genome, but only works well when population structure is not confounded with the phenotype of interest. Herein, we use population genomics in a non-model fish species, rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), to better understand adaptive divergence between migratory and non-migratory ecotype, and to further our understanding about the genetic basis of migration. RAD tag sequencing was used to identify Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in migrant and resident O. mykiss from two systems, one in Alaska and the other in Oregon, USA. A total of 7,920 and 6,755 SNPs met filtering criteria in the Alaska and Oregon, data sets respectively. Population genetic tests determined that 1,423 SNPs were candidates for selection when loci were compared between resident and migrant samples. Prior linkage mapping studies using RAD tag SNPs were available to determine the position of 1,990 markers. Several significant SNPs are located in genome regions that contain QTL for migratory related traits, reinforcing the importance of these regions in the genetic basis of migration/residency. Annotation of genome regions linked to significant SNPs revealed genes involved in processes known to be important in migration (such as osmoregulatory function). This study adds to our growing knowledge on adaptive divergence between migratory and nonmigratory ecotypes of this species; across studies, this complex trait appears to be controlled by many loci of small effect, with some in common, but many loci not shared between populations studied.
Fig. 2 in Can north american fish passage tools work for South american migratory fishes?
Fig. 2. Comparison of movement of 100 NFS virtual emigrants [A] and 100 passive particles [B] released 700 m upstream of Lower Granite Dam. Virtual emigrant and particle tracks are yellow. Note the pattern of behavior changes as the virtual fish approach the dam (inset plot in [A]). Upstream of the dam, the default behavior B 0 dominates, but the other behaviors become more dominant as the hydrodynamic environment becomes more complex near the dam (inset to [A]).
Data from: Post-fledging behavioral ecology of migratory songbirds: How do fledgling activity rates vary across species?
<p>This datsaset contains data for a comparison of fledgling activity rates from 9 songbird species in east-central Illinois, USA, described in the paper: "Jones, TM, and MP Ward. 2021. Post-fledging behavioral ecology of migratory songbirds: how do fledgling activity rates vary across species?"; published in <em>Behavioral Ecology</em>. The dataset contains estimates of fledgling activity rates during the daytime, nighttime, and across the post-fledging period, which were compared to estimates of fledgling morphologies (e.g. mass, tarsus, wing development) and post-fledging survival. Analyses, which can be reproduced with this data, showed that overall rates of post-fledging activity differed by species, but species showed similarities in the development of activity rates across the period. All species exhibited a stead increase in activity rates with age and general patterns mirrored rates of post-fledging mortality, including the presence and absence of post-fledging bottlenecks within each species. Additionally, our findings suggest that fledgling wing development and brood size at fledging contribute to variatio in activity rates within and across species.</p>
Fig. 1 in Winter Distribution And Migratory Strategies Of Eurasian Spoonbills (Platalea Leucorodia) From The Pannonian Breeding Population: Are They Long-Distance Migrants?
Fig. 1. Winter distribution of the Hungarian Spoonbills ringed between 2003 and 2020. The map contains all wintering data collected between the winters of 2003/2004 and 2020/2021. The lines of 'winter shift' indicate the shifts between winters when a resident became a short-distance migrant (shifted from Hungary to Tunisia) and a short-distance migrant became a long-distance migrant (shifted from Morocco to Mauritania). Abbreviations: ind. = individuals; Carpathian B. = Carpathian Basin
Fig. 2 in Winter Distribution And Migratory Strategies Of Eurasian Spoonbills (Platalea Leucorodia) From The Pannonian Breeding Population: Are They Long-Distance Migrants?
Fig. 2. Detailed map on the winter distribution of the Hungarian Spoonbills in the Carpathian Basin and the Central and East Mediterranean areas. Abbreviations: ind. = indi- viduals; Carpathian B. = Carpathian Basin
Data for: Altered wing phenotypes of captive‐bred migratory birds lower post‐release fitness
<p><span>Captive-breeding and release to the wild is a globally important conservation tool. However, captivity can result in phenotypic changes that incur post-release fitness costs, especially if they affect strenuous or risky behaviors. Bird wing shape is critical for migration success and suboptimal phenotypes are strongly selected against. I demonstrate surprising plasticity of bird wing phenotypes in captivity for 4/16 studied species. In a model species, captive-born juveniles with wild wing phenotypes (a 1mm longer distal primary flight feather) survived post-release at 2.7 times the rate of those with captive phenotypes (i.e. a shorter distal feather). Subtle phenotypic changes and their fitness impacts are more common than widely realized because they are easily overlooked. To improve captive-breeding for conservation, practitioners must surveil phenotypic changes and find ways to mitigate them.<br></span></p>
Data from: Sex-dependent carry-over effects on timing of reproduction and fecundity of a migratory bird
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Data from: Post-glacial northward expansion and genetic differentiation between migratory and sedentary populations of the broad-tailed hummingbird (Selasphorus platycercus)
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Data from: Tracking dragons: stable isotopes reveal the annual cycle of a long-distance migratory insect
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Data from: Migration strategy and pathogen risk: non-breeding distribution drives malaria prevalence in migratory waders
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Migration tactics and connectivity of a Nearctic-Neotropical migratory shorebird
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.