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954 results for “survival data”
Data from: Protein deprivation decreases male survival and the intensity of sexual antagonism in southern field crickets Gryllus bimaculatus
Recent theory predicts that the magnitude of sexual antagonism should depend on how well populations are adapted to their environment. We tested this idea experimentally by comparing intersexual genetic correlations for adult survival in pedigreed populations of southern field crickets (Gryllus bimaculatus) raised on naturally balanced (free-choice) vs. imbalanced (protein-deprived) diets. We tested for (1) sex differences in nutritional intake and preference, (2) sex-specific effects of protein deprivation on survival and (3) diet dependence of the level of sexual antagonism. Adult males and females consumed a similar amount of protein, but protein deprivation decreased male survival but not female survival. Protein deprivation appeared to decrease the degree of sexual antagonism as intersexual genetic correlations were significantly lower than 1 only for the complementary free-choice diet group but close to 1 for the protein-deficient diet group. Our findings thereby implied that variation in nutritional environments can alter the magnitude of sexual antagonism. This research represents an important step towards understanding the relationship between sexual antagonism and adaptation in heterogeneous environments.
Data from: Rain downpours affect survival and development of insect herbivores: the specter of climate change?
Changes in the frequency, duration, and intensity of rainfall events are among the abiotic effects predicted under anthropogenic global warming. Heavy downpours may profoundly affect the development and survival of small organisms such as insects. Here, we examined direct (physically on the insects) and indirect (plant‐mediated) effects of simulated downpours on the performance of caterpillars of two lepidopteran herbivores (Plutella xylostella and Pieris brassicae) feeding on black mustard (Brassica nigra) plants. Host plants were exposed to different rainfall regimes both before and while caterpillars were feeding on the plants in an attempt to separate direct and indirect (plant‐mediated) effects of rainfall on insect survival and development. In two independent experiments, downpours were simulated as a single long (20 min) or as three short (5 min) daily events. Downpours had a strong negative direct effect on the survival of P. xylostella, but not on that of P. brassicae. Direct effects of downpours consistently increased development time of both herbivore species, whereas effects on body mass depended on herbivore species and downpour frequency. Caterpillar disturbance by rain and recorded microclimatic cooling by 5°C may explain extended immature development. Indirect, plant‐mediated effects of downpours on the herbivores were generally small, despite the fact that sugar concentrations were reduced and herbivore induction of secondary metabolites (glucosinolates) was enhanced in plants exposed to rain. Changes in the frequency of precipitation events due to climate change may impact the survival and development of insect herbivores differentially. Broader effects of downpours on insects and other arthropods up the food chain could seriously impair and disrupt trophic interactions, ultimately destabilizing communities.
Data from: Effects of forestry-driven changes to groundcover and soil moisture on amphibian desiccation, dispersal, and survival
Over 80% of amphibian species that are declining are forest dependent. Forestry practices are a major cause of forest alterations globally, and it is well documented that clearcutting can contribute to amphibian declines. However, there might be adverse effects of forestry practices other than clearcutting. For example, planting overstory trees in rows (plantations) can change groundcover microhabitats and soil moisture levels, but the effects of this common practice on amphibian populations are not well studied. We compared the impacts of common intensive pine plantation operations to naturally regenerated pine forests on the desiccation, movement rates, behavior, and survival of > 900 juvenile Southern toads (Anaxyrus terrestris). Pine plantations had significantly more accumulation of conifer needles and less exposed soil, herbaceous groundcover, broadleaf litter, and soil moisture than natural pine forests despite the greater canopy cover at plantations. Litter cover explained 85% of groundcover microhabitat variance among forest types and predicted minimum soil moisture levels. When toads were held in small outdoor enclosures that constrained microhabitat selection, 24-h desiccation rates and 72-h mortality were significantly greater in pine plantation than in naturally regenerated pine forest because of lower soil moisture, especially during low rainfall periods. In large outdoor pens where juvenile amphibians could select microhabitats, movement was strongly directed down slope and increased with precipitation. However, initial speeds were positively associated with pine density, likely because toads were trying to evacuate from the drier high-pine-density areas. High-intensity silviculture practices that eliminate herbaceous or vegetative groundcover, such as roller chopping and scalping, increase amphibian desiccation because planted conifers dry the upper soil layer. Our study highlights the importance of prioritizing lower intensity silviculture practices or lower pine densities to retain groundcover microhabitat that serves as amphibian refugia from dry conditions that are predicted to increase in frequency with climate change.
Data from: The impact of bottlenecks on microbial survival, adaptation and phenotypic switching in host-pathogen interactions
Microbial pathogens and viruses can often maintain sufficient population diversity to evade a wide range of host immune responses. However, when populations experience bottlenecks, as occurs frequently during initiation of new infections, pathogens require specialized mechanisms to regenerate diversity. We address the evolution of such mechanisms, known as stochastic phenotype switches, which are prevalent in pathogenic bacteria. We analyze a model of pathogen diversification in a changing host environment that accounts for selective bottlenecks, wherein different phenotypes have distinct transmission probabilities between hosts. We show that under stringent bottlenecks, such that only one phenotype can initiate new infections, there exists a threshold stochastic switching rate below which all pathogen lineages go extinct, and above which survival is a near certainty. We determine how quickly stochastic switching rates can evolve by computing a fitness landscape for the evolutionary dynamics of switching rates, and analyzing its dependence on both the stringency of bottlenecks and the duration of within-host growth periods. We show that increasing the stringency of bottlenecks or decreasing the period of growth results in faster adaptation of switching rates. Our model provides strong theoretical evidence that bottlenecks play a critical role in accelerating the evolutionary dynamics of pathogens.
Data from: Trophoblast survival signaling during human placentation requires HSP70 activation of MMP2-mediated HBEGF shedding
Survival of trophoblast cells in the low oxygen environment of human placentation requires metalloproteinase-mediated shedding of HBEGF and downstream signaling. A matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) antibody array and quantitative RT-PCR revealed upregulation of MMP2 post-transcriptionally in human first trimester HTR-8/SVneo trophoblast cells and placental villous explants exposed to 2% O2. Specific MMP inhibitors established the requirement for MMP2 in HBEGF shedding and upregulation. Because α-amanitin inhibited the upregulation of HBEGF, differentially expressed genes were identified by next-generation sequencing of RNA from trophoblast cells cultured at 2% O2 for 0, 1, 2 and 4 h. Nine genes, all containing HIF-response elements, were upregulated at 1 h, but only HSPA6 (HSP70B') remained elevated at 2–4 h. The HSP70 chaperone inhibitor VER 155008 blocked upregulation of both MMP2 and HBEGF at 2% O2, and increased apoptosis. However, both HBEGF upregulation and apoptosis were rescued by exogenous MMP2. Proximity ligation assays demonstrated interactions between HSP70 and MMP2, and between MMP2 and HBEGF, supporting the concept that MMP2-mediated shedding of HBEGF, initiated by HSP70, contributes to trophoblast survival at the low O2 concentrations encountered during the first trimester, and is essential for successful pregnancy outcomes. Trophoblast survival during human placentation, when oxygenation is minimal, required HSP70 activity, which mediated MMP2 accumulation and the transactivation of anti-apoptotic ERBB signaling by HBEGF shedding.
Data from: No effect of blood sampling or phytohaemagglutinin injection on post-fledging survival in a wild songbird
The injection of phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and sampling of blood are widely used in studies of wild vertebrates to assess components of immune and endocrine function and health state and to obtain genetic material. Despite the pervasive use of these techniques in the life sciences, their potential effects on survival are rarely considered. For example, whether injection of the immunogen PHA into body parts critical for locomotion (e.g., the prepatagium, or wing web, in birds) affects survival has not been tested. Here, we test whether injection of PHA into the wing web and blood sampling from nestling house wrens affects their subsequent recruitment and survival as breeding adults. Capture-mark-recapture analysis on a large sample of young (N = 20,152 fledglings from 3959 broods) treated over 10 years revealed that neither PHA injection nor blood sampling affected individual survival and detection probability. Recruitment as a breeder varied among years, but this variation was not attributable to sampling effort, or the percent of all adults identified at the nest during a given year. Variation in the percent of adults identified was primarily attributable to the effect of nest depredation on our ability to capture nesting pairs. Our results indicating lack of an effect of blood sampling and immune stimulation on survival are encouraging, but we recommend further work to assess the potential negative effects of all commonly used techniques on the survival of study subjects in the wild, including the potential costs associated with mounting various immunological responses.
Data from: Sporadic late-onset nemaline myopathy: clinical spectrum, survival and treatment outcomes
OBJECTIVES: To describe the clinical phenotype, long-term treatment outcome and overall survival of sporadic late onset nemaline myopathy (SLONM) with or without a monoclonal protein (MP). METHODS: we conducted a retrospective chart review of patients seen between September 2000 and June 2017 and collected clinical, laboratory and survival data. Treatment response was classified as mild, moderate, or marked as adjudged by predefined criteria. RESULTS: We identified 28 patients with SLONM, 17 (61%) had an associated MP. Median age at symptom onset was 62 years. Diagnosis was often delayed by a median of 35 months from symptom onset. There was no difference in clinical or laboratory features between patients with or without MP. Although the majority of patients had proximal or axial weakness at onset, about 18% of patients had atypical presentations. 7/9 (78%) patients receiving intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), 6/8 (75%) receiving hematologic therapy as either autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT), or chemotherapy and 1/8 (13%) receiving immunosuppressive therapies responded to treatment (p=0.001). All 3 patients with marked response were treated with IVIG, 2 of them had a MP. The 5-year and 10-year overall survivals from symptom onset were 92% and 68% respectively, with no difference between patients with or without MP. CONCLUSIONS: SLONM has a wide spectrum of clinical presentations. In this contemporary case series, overall survival of patients did not seem to be affected by the presence of a MP. Initial treatment with IVIG is reasonable in all patients, followed by ASCT or chemotherapy as second-line therapy in patients with an associated MP.
Data from: Survival and phenology of ducklings of Mallard, Domestic Duck and Gadwall in The Netherlands
<p>Previous analysis of demographic parameters of the Mallard (<em>Anas platyrhynchos</em>) population hinted at low duckling survival driving the decline, but no empirical data on duckling survival in the Netherlands were available. To address this knowledge gap, we initiated a citizen science project in 2016 to collect basic information about Mallard breeding biology and duckling survival. In the slipstream of this project, we also collected data for Domestic Duck (<em>A. platyrhynchos forma domestica</em>) and Gadwall (<em>Mareca strepera</em>) for comparison. </p> <p>Here we archive the research data underlying the analyses and graphs of the this publication in Limosa (2024, 97:49-61): "Survival and phenology of dablings of Mallard <em>Anas platyrhynchos</em>, Domestic Duck <em>A. platyrhynchos forma domestica</em> and Gadwall <em>Mareca strepera</em> in The Netherlands" (Dutch title: "Overleving en fenologie van kuikens van Wilde Eend, Soepeend en Krakeend in Nederland") by Erik Kleyheeg, Loes van den Bremer, Chris van Turnhout, Ties Maris, Eelke Jongejans & Niek van Rabenswaaij.</p> <p> </p> <p>The data file <strong><span>“waarnemingen 2016-2020 Limosa.csv”</span></strong><span> contains the following variables:</span></p> <p><span>year: Year of the study (2016 up to 2020)</span></p> <p><span>date: Date of observation</span></p> <p><span>time: Time of observation</span></p> <p><span>ID: Identifier of observation</span></p> <p><span>ID_family: Identifier of mallard family/brood (useful in case of successive observations)</span></p> <p><span>species: Species (dom = domestic duck/feral mallard, gad = gadwall, mal = mallard)</span></p> <p><span>N_chicks: Reported number of chicks</span></p> <p><span>age: Estimated age in weeks (1 = 0 to 1 week old, etc.)</span></p> <p><span>age_days: Estimated age in days</span></p> <p><span>observer: Anonymized observer</span></p> <p><span>remark: Remark</span></p> <p><span>latitude: Latitude of observation</span></p> <p><span>longitude: Longitude of observation</span></p> <p><span>surface: Whether ducklings were on land or water</span></p> <p><span>shore: Type of shoreline nearest to ducklings (emb = timbering/revetment, nhv = high vegetation, nlv = low </span><span>vegetation, nno = no vegetation, oth = other)</span></p> <p><span>water: Water quality (cle = clear, tur = turbid, wee = covered with duckweed, oth = other) </span></p> <p><span>N_deaths: Number of ducklings observed perishing during the observation</span></p> <p><span>cause_deaths: Observed cause of death (agg = aggression, bre = grey heron, bui = buzzard, hon = dog, kat = cat, nijl = Egyptian goose, pre = predator unknown, sno = pike, zkr = carrion crown, zon = mammal unknown, oth = other)</span></p> <p><span>breadfeeding: Whether or not ducks are fed with bread regularly at the site of the observation</span></p>
Identification of Predictive Factors for Survival of Patients With Recurrent Prostate Cancer From Clinical Features, Tissue Image Features and Molecular Biomarker Data
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00578409. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Survival Data and Characteristics of Finisterian Patients Treated With PARP Inhibitors for Ovarian Cancer Between 2014 and 2019.
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04573933. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Study to Evaluate the Extended Overall Survival (OS) Data From PARSIFAL Study (The PARSIFAL-LONG Study)
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06525675. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 6. Publications: 0.
Data from: Effects of forestry-driven changes to groundcover and soil moisture on amphibian desiccation, dispersal, and survival
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Data from: Fadraciclib (CYC065), a novel CDK inhibitor, targets key pro-survival and oncogenic pathways in cancer
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Data from: Trophoblast survival signaling during human placentation requires HSP70 activation of MMP2-mediated HBEGF shedding
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Data from: Individual variation in early-life telomere length and survival in a wild mammal
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Data from: Multivariate immune defences and fitness in the wild: complex but ecologically important associations among plasma antibodies, health and survival
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Data from: The impact of bottlenecks on microbial survival, adaptation and phenotypic switching in host-pathogen interactions
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Data from: Links between blood parasites, blood chemistry, and the survival probability of nestling American crows
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Data from: Cellular and humoral immunity in a wild mammal: Variation with age & sex and association with overwinter survival
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Data from: Rain downpours affect survival and development of insect herbivores: the specter of climate change?
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.