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1,723 results for “Alpine”
Fig. 1 in Repeated Alpine Flight Loss Within the Widespread New Zealand Stonefly Nesoperla fulvescens Hare (Plecoptera: Gripopterygidae)
Fig. 1. (A) An alpine grassland tributary of the Hector River (elevation 1350 m above sea-level) on Mt Field,Tararua Range (North Island, New Zealand), where vestigial-winged Nesoperla fulvescens were collected; (B) A vestigial-winged N. fulvescens male from Mt Field; (C) National collection records of N. fulvescens, illustrating the narrow distribution of vestigial-winged ecotypes (Tararua Range).
Fig. 5 in Repeated Alpine Flight Loss Within the Widespread New Zealand Stonefly Nesoperla fulvescens Hare (Plecoptera: Gripopterygidae)
Fig. 5. Coalescent analyses support parallel flight loss events in Nesoperla fulvescens across different portions of theTararua Range. Competing demographic scenarios (A–C) were assessed with DIYABC-RF, with the level of support noted under each scenario (time is not to scale). Stars indicate inferred wing-reduction events, assuming a winged ancestor. Divergence estimates for the scenario with the highest support (outlined) were calculated with DIYABC-RF.
Improvement and Application of the Parameterization Scheme for Hydrothermal Properties of Rhizosphere Soil in Alpine Grassland
<p>Plant roots signifificantly altered soil hydrothermal properties but was not typically included in land-surface process models. This omission affected the simulation results of soil water content and temperature, particularly on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) where roots in the shallow soil were generally high. Global grassland above-ground biomass carbon data and root distribution model were used to build a geographically distributed, profifiled alpine grassland roots density dataset for the Community Land Model (CLM). The schemes for soil hydrothermal properties were modified to accommodate soil mineral, organic matter and roots. Compared with the original schemes, the new schemes presented an increasing or decreasing trend. The new schemes were verified by single-point, regional offline simulation, and the influence of alpine grassland roots on simulation results on the QTP were explored. The new schemes could effectively block the downward migration of 0-10 cm soil water, which were beneficial to water conservation. The heat storage capacity of 0-10 cm soil increased obviously, and the thermal conductivity showed a certain seasonal change. Therefore, the simulated dry deviation of 0-10 cm soil water content in the new schemes was significantly reduced. The simulated 0-10 cm soil temperature in the new schemes during soil non-freezing was generally lower than the observed, and the simulated cold deviation of this layer during soil freezing was also reduced.</p>
Plant community assembly of alpine meadow at different altitudes in Northeast Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
<p>Plant community assembly of alpine meadow at different altitudes in Northeast Qinghai-Tibet Plateau related raw data include 3 files: All Species Name, Calculated trait NFI, Pedigree chart. </p>
Draft genome assembly of the alpine carnation Dianthus sylvestris (Caryophyllaceae)
<p>A draft reference sequence for the alpine carnation <em>Dianthus sylvestris</em> was obtained using a combination of paired-end and mate-pair Illumina libraries implemented in the Allpath-LG assembler. The initial assembly was improved through nucleotide correction, gap filling and the assessment of misassemblies, and subsequently annotated with the support of RNA-seq data through the Maker2 pipeline. The final assembly consists of ~440 MB in ~21 K scaffolds (N50 ~61 Kb) covering 86% of Busco eukaryotic genes and ~73% of the estimated genome size (600 Mb). Structural annotation includes ~22 K predicted genes (N50 ~1.8 Kb). </p>
Asymmetric effects of daytime and nighttime warming on alpine treeline recruitment
<p><span>Trees at their upper range limits are highly sensitive to climate change, and thus alpine treelines worldwide have changed their recruitment patterns in response to climate warming. However, previous studies focused only on daily mean temperature, neglecting the asymmetric influences of daytime and nighttime warming on recruitments in alpine treelines. Here, based on the compiled dataset of tree recruitment series from 172 alpine treelines across the Northern Hemisphere, we quantified and compared the different effects of daytime and nighttime warming on treeline recruitment using four indices of temperature sensitivity, and assessed the responses of treeline recruitment to warming-induced drought stress. Our analyses demonstrated that even in different environmental regions, both daytime and nighttime warming could significantly promote treeline recruitment, however, treeline recruitment was much more sensitive to nighttime warming than to daytime warming, which could be attributable to the presence of drought stress. The increasing drought stress primarily driven by daytime warming rather than by nighttime warming would likely constrain the responses of treeline recruitment to daytime warming. Our findings provided compelling evidence that nighttime warming rather than daytime warming could play a primary role in promoting the recruitment in alpine treelines, which was related to the daytime warming-induced drought stress. Thus, daytime and nighttime warming should be considered separately </span><span>to improve future projections of global change impacts across alpine ecosystems.</span></p>
Climate warming alters the relative importance of plant root and microbial community in regulating the accumulation of soil microbial necromass carbon in a Tibetan alpine meadow
<p><span>Climate warming is predicted to considerably affect variations in soil organic carbon (SOC), especially in alpine ecosystems. Microbial necromass carbon (MNC) is an important contributor to stable soil organic carbon pools. However, accumulation and persistence of soil MNC across a gradient of warming are still poorly understood. An eight-year field experiment with four levels of warming was conducted in a Tibetan meadow</span><span>.</span> <span>We found that low-level (+0</span><span>-</span><span>1.5 ℃) warming mostly enhanced bacterial necromass carbon (BNC), fungal necromass carbon (FNC), and total MNC compared with control treatment across soil layers, while no significant effect was caused between high-level (+1.5</span><span>-</span><span>2.5 ℃) treatments and control treatments. The contributions of both MNC and BNC to soil organic carbon were not significantly affected by warming treatments across depths. Structural equation modeling analysis demonstrated that the effect of plant root traits on MNC persistence strengthened with warming intensity, while the influence of microbial community characteristics waned along with strengthened warming. Overall, our study provides novel evidence that the major determinants of MNC production and stabilization may vary with warming magnitude in alpine meadows. This finding is critical for updating our knowledge of soil carbon storage in response to climate warming.</span></p>
Environmental adaptation in an alpine ground beetle
<p>We test for evidence of adaptive evolution in the alpine ground beetle <em>Nebria</em> <em>vandykei</em>. First, we explore the genetic pathways induced during environmental stress responses through RNA sequencing, showing that cold, heat and desiccation stress activate a largely non-overlapping set of molecular pathways. Using additional transcriptome sequencing, we estimate the evolutionary relationship of <em>N. vandykei</em> to related species in the subgenus Catonebria and several outgroups. Phylogenetic analyses suggest a history of admixture or very rapid diversification underlies the evolution of <em>N. vandykei</em>. Finally, using tests for positive selection polarized by high and low elevation relatives, we demonstrate selection acting on stress response pathways, as well as pathways known to function in tolerance to cold and hypoxic environments. </p>
Figure 1 in Early snow melt and diverging thermal constraints control body size in arctic-alpine spiders
Figure 1. Pearson correlations between the significant explanatory variables and the body size of Pardosa hyperborea and P. palustris. CW = carapace width; p1dSF = first snow-free day in the year before sampling; pSFP = snow-free period in the year before sampling; pq2TTD5 = thermal threshold days> 5 °C in spring of the year before sampling; 2q2TTD5 = thermal threshold days> 5 °C in spring of both years; q2P = precipitation sum in spring in the year of sampling; yTTD0 = thermal threshold days> 0 °C for the whole year of sampling; pyTTD5 = thermal threshold days> 5 °C for the whole year before sampling; 2yTTD5 = thermal threshold days> 5 °C in the year of sampling and the previous year; 2q2TTD_2 = thermal threshold days ≤ –2 °C in spring of both years; 1DOY0 = first day of the year> 0 °C in the year of sampling; 1dSF = first snowfree day in the year of sampling; SFP = snow-free period in the year of sampling; q1SWE = snow-water equivalent in winter in the year of sampling; 2q1SWE = snow-water equivalent in winter of both years; q2SWE = snow-water equivalent in spring in the year of sampling; q2TTD5 = thermal threshold days> 5 °C in spring in the year of sampling; 2q2P = precipitation sum in spring of both years; pq4SWE = snow-water equivalent in autumn in the year before sampling; pq4P = precipitation sum in autumn in the year before sampling; ySWE = snow-water equivalent for the whole year of sampling; 2ySWE = snow-water equivalent of both years; q1TTD_2 = thermal threshold days ≤ –2 °C in winter in the year of sampling; 2q1TTD_2 = thermal threshold days ≤ –2 °C in winter of both years; q1TTD_0 = thermal threshold days ≤ 0 °C in winter in the year of sampling; 2q1TTD_0 = thermal threshold days ≤ 0 °C in winter of both years; q1TTD0 = thermal threshold days> 0 °C in winter in the year of sampling; 2q1TTD0 = thermal threshold days> 0 °C in winter of both years; q1P = precipitation sum in winter in the year of sampling; 2q1P = precipitation sum in winter of both years; 2q2SWE = snow-water equivalent in spring of both years;
Data for: Ant nests increase litter decomposition to mitigate the negative effect of warming in an alpine grassland ecosystem
<p>Warming can decrease feeding activity of soil organisms and affect biogeochemical cycles in alpine ecosystems. Ants (<em>Formica manchu</em>) are active on their nest surface, and prefer a hot and dry environment. Therefore, warming may provide a favorable environment for their activity. We hypothesized that ants might benefit from warming and increase the robustness of ecosystem functions to warming. To test this hypothesis, we examined the effects of ant nests (ant nest absence vs. ant nest presence) and warming (ambient temperature, + 1.3°C and + 2.3°C) on litter decomposition, soil properties and the plant community in an alpine grassland ecosystem. Decomposition stations with two mesh sizes were used to differentiate effects of microorganisms (0.05mm) and macroinvertebrate (1cm) to litter decomposition. Ant nests increased litter decomposition with and without macroinvertebrates accessing the decomposition station when compared to plots without ant nests. Only the litter decomposition in ant nests with macroinvertebrates accessing the decomposition station was not negatively affected by warming. Plots with ant nests had greater soil organic carbon, nutrient contents and plant growth than plots without ant nests, regardless of warming. Consequently, ant nests can mitigate the negative effects of warming on litter decomposition and improve ecosystem functions under warming.</p>
Gowardia zebrina sp. nov., a new species in a little-known genus of arctic-alpine lichens (Parmeliaceae)
<p>The fruticose lichen genus <em>Gowardia</em> (Parmeliaceae) was recently segregated from Alectoria based on phylogeny, morphology, secondary chemistry, ecology and distribution. As currently circumscribed, <em>Gowardia</em> comprises two wide-ranging species of arctic-alpine regions. Here we describe a third species, <em>G. zebrina </em>sp. nov., apparently endemic to subalpine regions in mountainous northwestern North America. <em>Gowardia</em> <em>zebrina</em> differs from other species in the genus by its combined subpendent habit, uniformly capillary branches, predominantly isotomic branching, pale-and-dark banding of the terminal branches, and epiphytic ecology. Morphological examination of North American herbarium specimens filed under <em>A. nigricans</em> suggests the existence of several additional undescribed species of <em>Gowardia</em>. A brief overview of morphological diversity in these species is given, shedding new light on the question of whether <em>Gowardia</em> should be subsumed under <em>Alectoria</em>, as some have suggested, or is more appropriately recognized as a distinct genus.</p>
Contrasting response of the water use efficiency to precipitation changes between the alpine meadow and alpine steppe over the Tibetan Plateau
<p>The file of AlpineGrassland_GrowingSeason_WUE is dataset of the growing season water use efficiency of alpine grassland over the tibetan plateau during 1982-2014.</p>
Developing a Physics-informed Deep Learning Model to Simulate Runoff Response to Climate Change in Alpine Catchments
<p>This data archive includes the source code of EXP-HYDRO, standard DL, hybrid-J, and hybrid-Z models, as well as simulated daily runoff (mm/d) of all five models in the paper at the three subbasins in the source region of the Yellow River. For more details please see the publication.</p> <p>Please cite the paper as follows:</p> <p>Zhong, L., Lei, H., & Gao, B. (2023). Developing a physics-informed deep learning model to simulate runoff response to climate change in Alpine catchments. Water Resources Research, 59, e2022WR034118. https://doi. org/10.1029/2022WR034118</p> <p> </p>
Switzerland 2023 Field Campaign - 360 degree Alpine Tethys rifted margin outcrops
<p>360 degree photospheres acquired during the 2023 summer data acquisition campaign targeting the pristine remnant outcrops of the Alpine Tethys rifted margins that are exposed in the Swiss Alps</p>
Dataset of manuscript "Divergent responses of soil bacterial and fungal communities to climate warming in an alpine tundra ecosystem"
<p>Our study conducts a translocation experiment in the alpine tundra of the Changbai Mountains to explore how climate warming will affect soil bacterial and fungal communities in the alpine tundra and what are the underlying ecological mechanisms for their potential community changes. Soil samples (n = 24) were respectively collected during the early growing season (June 5, EGS), peak growing season (July 30, PGS), and late growing season (September 20, LGS) of 2021. The uploaded data contains the soil properties and OTU abundance measurements for these soil samples, as well as air and soil temperature from June 1, 2020 to September 15, 2021. </p>
Dataset of Sub-alpine shrub in Zao
<p>This dataset includes UAV image of the study area of Mt. Zao, and annotated images of Sub-alpine shrub species.</p> <p>1) Zao_site5.zip</p> <p>This folder contains the data files used in our first experience.</p> <p>Orthomosaic is an RGB image covering the entire study area. There is an annotated image treeTopImage that shows the tops of the shrub species and where all the target shrub species are located.<br> The GT folder contains masks annotating the regions of each shrub species. The following six shrub species are targeted.<br> 1)Inutsuge, 2)Kaede, 3)Kyaraboku, 4)Matsu, 5)Nanakamado, 6)Sakura</p> <p>These annotated images are used to create patch images representing the single shrub needed for deep learning classification from the orthomosaic.</p> <p>2) SubDivision_Datasets.zip</p> <p>This folder contains the data for the four subsites used in the second experience, obtained by dividing the above study area into four parts.</p>
Dataset associated to the manuscript "A novel method for characterising the inter- and intra-lake variability of CH4 emissions: validation and application across a latitudinal transect in the Alpine region"
<p>The dataset comprises data collected from nine specifically chosen lakes located across the eastern Alps during the ALCH4 project. The primary objective of this project was to assess the efficacy of a mobile Eddy Covariance platform in characterizing CH4 emissions. The field measurements were conducted throughout the ice-free periods in the years 2018 and 2019. This dataset encompasses: i) the EddyPro 7.0.6 (LI-COR Inc., Lincoln, NE, USA) output for all Eddy Covariance campaigns; ii) outcomes of the chamber measurements; iii) data obtained from surface samples. This research was funded by the Autonomous Province of Bozen/Bolzano.</p>
Comparison of Acidity and Chemical Composition of Summertime Cloud Water and Aerosol at an Alpine Site in Northwest China: Implication for Elevated pH of Cloud
<p>Low molecular weight organic acids and water-soluble ion data of Cloud water and PM2.5 samples in Mt. Hua</p>
Spatial and temporal variation in the diet of introduced sambar deer (Cervus unicolor) in an alpine landscape
<p><strong>Context</strong>. In south-eastern Australia, the abundance and distribution of non-native sambar deer (<em>Cervus</em> <em>unicolor</em>) has increased dramatically in alpine environments. As a result, significant concern surrounds the potential for the species to impact rare plant species and vegetation communities through browsing.</p> <p><strong>Aims</strong>. We aimed <span>to determine the diversity of the plant species eaten by sambar deer in the Alpine National Park and to understand any spatial and temporal variation in deer diets.</span></p> <p><strong>Methods</strong>. We collected 90 sambar deer faecal pellet samples over a three-month flowering period across two contrasting study sites with differing elevation, vegetation, and underlying geology. We performed DNA sequencing using the ITS2 gene region and assigned dietary items to the lowest taxonomic level possible. The frequency of occurrence and sequencing read depth of each dietary item were calculated to investigate the diet of sambar deer at spatial and temporal scales, and dietary preferencing was assessed by comparing the frequency of occurrence of dietary items to the observation records for each dietary item in the study area.</p> <p>Key results. We detected a total of 369 unique plant <span>Operational Taxonomic Units </span>(OTUs) from sambar deer faecal samples, representing 35 families and 80 genera. Considerable variation in the diet was observed over small spatial scales, and evidence of temporal diet variation was noted in one of the study sites. We detected <span>Silky Snow-daisy (<em>Celmisia</em> <em>sericophylla</em>), which is currently listed as critically endangered under the Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act 1988, and </span>Hawkweed (<em>Pilosella</em> spp.), a highly invasive, non-native taxon which is sparingly established in Alpine ecosystems.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions</strong>. Sambar deer displayed an intermediate feeder behaviour in alpine environments, foraging on a variety of forbs and shrubs, however, forbs were the dominant dietary items. The spatial variation observed in the diet of sambar deer suggests that individual deer are unlikely to be dispersing widely while foraging. </p> <p><strong>Implications</strong>. Our results emphasise the need for careful evaluation of sambar deer impacts within individual sites and at small spatial scales. The detection of species of conservation significance in the diet indicates that the presence of sambar deer should be considered a significant risk to biodiversity in areas of high conservation value.</p>
Supplementary material of : Glacier-permafrost interactions and GLOF's in Alpine terrain. Insights from seven decades of reconstructed dynamics of the Chauvet glacial and periglacial system, Southern French Alps
<p>This dataset is part of the supplementary material of "Glacier-permafrost interactions and GLOF’s in Alpine terrain. Insights from seven decades of reconstructed dynamics of the Chauvet glacial and periglacial system, Southern French Alps" paper, published in Earth Surface Processes and Landforms (ESPL) journal.<br> This dataset contain raw DEM's, surface velocities and videos of Chauvet system, that served as a basis for the long-term monitoring of glacial and periglacial systems and its interactions.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.