Find research datasets worth reusing

ASTER L2 Surface Radiance VNIR and SWIR V004

The Terra Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) Surface Radiance VNIR and SWIR (AST_09) contains atmospherically corrected data for the Visible and Near Infrared (VNIR) and Shortwave Infrared (SWIR) sensors. Both the VNIR and SWIR data are atmospherically corrected and are generated using the bands of the corresponding ASTER [Level 1B](https://doi.org/10.5067/ASTER/AST_L1B.004) image.The AST_09 product has a spatial resolution of 15 meters (m) for the VNIR bands and 30 m for the SWIR bands.Known Issues* Level 2 products that are on the international date line/anti-meridian have incorrect bounding coordinates for the UTM zone defined in the file metadata.* SWIR data acquired after April 2008 may exhibit anomalous saturation and striping. Users should consult the ASTER SWIR User Advisory for additional details.Improvements/Changes from Previous Versions* Enhanced Atmospheric Correction: Version 4 uses Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications Version 2 (MERRA-2) data as the primary source for atmospheric parameters (ozone, water vapor, pressure, and temperature), improving the precision of emissivity calculations. Fallback Mechanisms: When MERRA-2 data are unavailable, the product employs Global Data Assimilation System (GDAS) data as a backup, with climatology data serving as a final fallback to ensure continuous processing. Radiometric Calibration Update: Version 4 applies Radiometric Calibration Coefficient Version 5 (RCC V5) to improve the radiometric accuracy of the raw DNs, based on research by [Tsuchida and others (2020)](https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12030427), published in Remote Sensing.

ASTER L2 Surface Temperature V003

The Terra Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) Surface Kinetic Temperature (AST_08) is generated using the five Thermal Infrared (TIR) bands (acquired either during the day or night time) between 8 and 12 µm spectral range. It contains surface temperatures at 90 m spatial resolution for the land areas only. Surface kinetic temperature provides a vital input to studies of volcanism, thermal inertia, surface energy, and high-resolution mapping of fires. This product is derived using the same algorithm as the ASTER Surface Emissivity [AST_05](http://doi.org/10.5067/ASTER/AST_05.003) Product. Surface kinetic temperature is determined by applying Planck's Law using the emissivity values from the Temperature/Emissivity Separation (TES) algorithm, which uses atmospherically corrected ASTER surface radiance (TIR) data. The TES algorithm first estimates emissivity in the TIR channels using the Normalized Emissivity Method (NEM). These estimates are used along with Kirchoff's Law to account for the land-leaving TIR radiance that is due to sky irradiance. That figure is subtracted from TIR radiance iteratively to estimate the emitted radiance from which temperature is calculated using the NEM module.The ASTER L2 Surface Kinetic Temperature data product is only available through [NASA's Earthdata Search](https://search.earthdata.nasa.gov/search?q=C1299783630-LPDAAC_ECS). The ASTER Order Instructions provide step-by-step directions for ordering this product.Known Issues* Data acquisition gaps: On November 28, 2024, one of Terra's power-transmitting shunt units failed. As a result, there was insufficient power to maintain functionality of the ASTER instrument. ASTER resumed acquisitions for the VNIR bands on January 18, 2025, and for the TIR bands on April 15, 2025. Users should note the data gap in ASTER acquisitions from November 28, 2024, through January 16, 2025, for VNIR observations, and a gap from November 28, 2024, through April 15, 2025, for TIR acquisitions.Improvements/Changes from Previous Version* The Science Scalable Scripts-based Science Processor for Missions (S4PM) Version 3.4 algorithm, which is used to generate L2 Product Generation Executables (PGEs), is relying on a new ancillary input for atmospheric parameters. Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications Version 2 (MERRA-2) is global atmospheric reanalysis that combines remote sensing observations and interactions with the climate system. It will be one of the primary ozone and water vapor, pressure, and temperature inputs for L2 PGEs. MERRA-2 will provide a finer geographic resolution grid since it is a 3-dimensional, 3-hourly data collection with 50-km (latitudinal direction) spatial resolution.* The fallback options for L2 PGEs are as follows: * Ozone: [TOVS Ozone (OZ_DLY ) > AURA Ozone Monitoring Instrument (AURAOMI) > Total Ozone Analysis from Stratospheric and Tropospheric (TOAST) > Earth Probe-Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (EPTOMS)] or [MERRA-2] > National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP)/Global Data Assimilation System (GDAS) > Climatology * Water Vapor, Pressure, and Temperature: [MOD07_L2] or [MERRA-2] > NCEP/GDAS > Climatology* Caveat: The temporal range for MERRA-2 covers 1980 to present; however, there is latency of ~3 weeks after the end of a month. Hence, NCEP/GDAS > Climatology fallback sequence will be applied for on-demand requests that fall outside of MERRA-2's temporal range or if the data is not science grade.* Starting June 23, 2021, radiometric calibration coefficient Version 5 (RCC V5) will be applied to newly observed ASTER data and archived ASTER data products. Details regarding RCC V5 are described in the following journal article. * Tsuchida, S., Yamamoto, H., Kouyama, T., Obata, K., Sakuma, F., Tachikawa, T., Kamei, A., Arai, K., Czapla-Myers, J.S., Biggar, S.F., and Thome, K.J., 2020, Radiometric Degradation Curves for the ASTER VNIR Processing Using Vicarious and Lunar Calibrations: Remote Sensing, v. 12, no. 3, at https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12030427.* As of December 15, 2021, the LP DAAC has implemented changes to ASTER PGE Version 3.4, which will affect all ASTER Level 2 on-demand products. Changes include: * Aura Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) has been added as one of the ancillary ozone inputs for any observations made after May 27, 2020. The sequence of fallbacks for ozone will remain the same. * Toolkit has been updated from Version 5.2.17 to 5.2.20. Users may notice minor differences between the two versions. Differences may include minuscule changes in digital numbers around the peripheral of the granule and boundaries of a cloud for Surface Reflectance and Surface Radiance (AST07 and AST09) QA Data Plane depending on the Operating System and libraries being used by the user to process the data.* Additionally, Climatology, which is one of the inputs for Ozone and Moisture, Temperature and Pressures (MTP) will be remo

ASTER L2 Surface Emissivity V004

SAFARI 2000 ASTER and MODIS Fire Data Comparison, Dry Season 2001

These data relate to a paper (Morisette et al., 2005) that describes the use of high spatial resolution ASTER data to determine the accuracy of the moderate resolution MODIS active fire product. Our main objective was to develop a methodology to use ASTER data for quantitative evaluation of the MODIS active fire product and to apply it to fires in Southern Africa during the 2001 burning season. We utilize 18 ASTER scenes distributed throughout Southern Africa covering the time period 5 August 2001 to 6 October 2001. The MODIS fire product is characterized through the use of logistic regression models to establish a relationship between the binary MODIS fire/no fire product and summary statistics derived from ASTER data over the coincident MODIS pixel. Probabilities of detection are determined as a function of the total number of ASTER fires and Moran's I, a measure of the spatial heterogeneity of fires within the MODIS pixel. The statistical analysis is done for versions 3 and 4 of the MODIS fire detection algorithm. It is shown that the algorithm changes have a positive effect on the fire product accuracy. References:Morisette, J. T., L. Giglio, I. Csiszar, C. O. Justice. 2005. Validation of the MODIS active fire product over Southern Africa with ASTER data. International Journal of Remote Sensing 26: 4239-4264.

ASTER L2 Surface Radiance VNIR and SWIR V003

The Terra Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) Surface Radiance VNIR and SWIR (AST_09) is a multi-file product that contains atmospherically corrected data for both the Visible and Near Infrared (VNIR) and Shortwave Infrared (SWIR) sensors. The AST_09 product has a spatial resolution of 15 meters (m) for the VNIR bands and 30 m for the SWIR bands. Each product delivery includes two Hierarchical Data Format - Earth Observing System (HDF-EOS) files: one for the VNIR, and the other for the SWIR. They are distinguished from one another by a one-second difference in the production time that appears as part of the file name. The more obvious distinguishing feature is the file size; the VNIR file is always the larger of the two. Both the VNIR and SWIR data are atmospherically corrected and are generated using the bands of the corresponding [ASTER Level 1B](https://doi.org/10.5067/ASTER/AST_L1B.003) image.The ASTER L2 Surface Radiance VNIR and SWIR data product is only available through [NASA's Earthdata Search](https://search.earthdata.nasa.gov/search?q=C1299783574-LPDAAC_ECS). The ASTER Order Instructions provide step-by-step directions for ordering this product.Known Issues* Data Anomalies: Users are advised that ASTER SWIR data acquired from April 2008 to the present exhibit anomalous saturation of values and anomalous striping. This effect is also present for some prior acquisition periods. Please refer to the ASTER SWIR User Advisory for more details.* Data acquisition gaps: On November 28, 2024, one of Terra's power-transmitting shunt units failed. As a result, there was insufficient power to maintain functionality of the ASTER instrument. ASTER resumed acquisitions for the VNIR bands on January 18, 2025, and for the TIR bands on April 15, 2025. Users should note the data gap in ASTER acquisitions from November 28, 2024, through January 16, 2025, for VNIR observations, and a gap from November 28, 2024, through April 15, 2025, for TIR acquisitions.Improvements/Changes from Previous Version* The Science Scalable Scripts-based Science Processor for Missions (S4PM) Version 3.4 algorithm, which is used to generate L2 Product Generation Executables (PGEs), is relying on a new ancillary input for atmospheric parameters. Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications Version 2 (MERRA-2) is global atmospheric reanalysis that combines remote sensing observations and interactions with the climate system. It will be one of the primary ozone and water vapor, pressure, and temperature inputs for L2 PGEs. MERRA-2 will provide a finer geographic resolution grid since it is a 3-dimensional, 3-hourly data collection with 50-km (latitudinal direction) spatial resolution.* The fallback options for L2 PGEs are as follows: * Ozone: [TOVS Ozone (OZ_DLY ) > AURA Ozone Monitoring Instrument (AURAOMI) > Total Ozone Analysis from Stratospheric and Tropospheric (TOAST) > Earth Probe-Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (EPTOMS)] or [MERRA-2] > National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP)/Global Data Assimilation System (GDAS) > Climatology * Water Vapor, Pressure, and Temperature: [MOD07_L2] or [MERRA-2] > NCEP/GDAS > Climatology* Caveat: The temporal range for MERRA-2 covers 1980 to present; however, there is latency of ~3 weeks after the end of a month. Hence, NCEP/GDAS > Climatology fallback sequence will be applied for on-demand requests that fall outside of MERRA-2's temporal range or if the data is not science grade.* Starting June 23, 2021, radiometric calibration coefficient Version 5 (RCC V5) will be applied to newly observed ASTER data and archived ASTER data products. Details regarding RCC V5 are described in the following journal article. * Tsuchida, S., Yamamoto, H., Kouyama, T., Obata, K., Sakuma, F., Tachikawa, T., Kamei, A., Arai, K., Czapla-Myers, J.S., Biggar, S.F., and Thome, K.J., 2020, Radiometric Degradation Curves for the ASTER VNIR Processing Using Vicarious and Lunar Calibrations: Remote Sensing, v. 12, no. 3, at https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12030427.* As of December 15, 2021, the LP DAAC has implemented changes to ASTER PGE Version 3.4, which will affect all ASTER Level 2 on-demand products. Changes include: * Aura Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) has been added as one of the ancillary ozone inputs for any observations made after May 27, 2020. The sequence of fallbacks for ozone will remain the same. * Toolkit has been updated from Version 5.2.17 to 5.2.20. Users may notice minor differences between the two versions. Differences may include minuscule changes in digital numbers around the peripheral of the granule and boundaries of a cloud for Surface Reflectance and Surface Radiance (AST07 and AST09) QA Data Plane depending on the Operating System and libraries being used by the user to process the data.* Additionally, Climatology, which is one of the inputs for Ozone and Moisture, Temperature and Pressures (MTP) will be removed from

ASTER Registered Radiance at the Sensor - Orthorectified V003

The Terra Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) Orthorectified Registered Radiance at the Sensor (AST14OTH) products contain imagery transformed from a perspective projection to an orthogonal one. An orthorectified image possesses the geometric characteristics of a map with near-vertical views for every location. These products are terrain corrected, provide radiometrically calibrated radiance, and are mapped to the Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) coordinate system.The inputs include the following: an ASTER Level 1A Reconstructed Unprocessed Instrument dataset; georeferencing information from the ASTER instrument's and Terra platform's ephemeris and attitude data; and an ASTER-derived digital elevation model (DEM). The output product includes fifteen orthorectified ASTER Level 1B calibrated radiance images, one per band, as listed below.The ASTER Orthorectified Registered Radiance at the Sensor data product is only available through [NASA's Earthdata Search](https://search.earthdata.nasa.gov/search?q=C1299783684-LPDAAC_ECS). The ASTER Order Instructions provide step-by-step directions for ordering this product.Known Issues* Users are advised that ASTER SWIR data acquired from April 2008 to the present exhibit anomalous saturation of values and anomalous striping. This effect is also present for some prior acquisition periods. Please refer to the ASTER SWIR User Advisory for more details.* Data acquisition gaps: On November 28, 2024, one of Terra's power-transmitting shunt units failed. As a result, there was insufficient power to maintain functionality of the ASTER instrument. ASTER resumed acquisitions for the VNIR bands on January 18, 2025, and for the TIR bands on April 15, 2025. Users should note the data gap in ASTER acquisitions from November 28, 2024, through January 16, 2025, for VNIR observations, and a gap from November 28, 2024, through April 15, 2025, for TIR acquisitions.Improvements/Changes from Previous Version* As of January 2021, the LP DAAC has implemented version 3.0 of the Sensor Information Laboratory Corporation ASTER DEM/Ortho (SILCAST) software, which is used to generate the Level 2 on-demand ASTER Orthorectified and Digital Elevation Model (DEM) products (AST14). The updated software provides digital elevation extraction and orthorectification from ASTER L1A input data without needing to enter ground control points or depending on external global DEMs at 30-arc-second resolution (GTOPO30). It utilizes the ephemeris and attitude data derived from both the ASTER instrument and the Terra spacecraft platform. The outputs are geoid height-corrected and waterbodies are automatically detected in this version. Users will notice differences between AST14DEM, AST14DMO, and AST14OTH products ordered before January 2021 (generated with SILCAST V1) and those generated with the updated version of the production software (version 3.0). Differences may include slight elevation changes over different surface types, including waterbodies. Differences have also been observed over cloudy portions of ASTER scenes. Additional information on SILCAST version 3.0 can be found on the [SILCAST website](http://www.silc.co.jp/en/products.html).* In addition to the recent SILCAST upgrade from Version 1.0 to 3.0, on March 18, 2021, the LP DAAC updated the Interactive Data Language (IDL) software used in the processing system from 8.7.0 to 8.8.0. As a result, users may notice minor and isolated differences in the output files produced for this product in bands 1 – 3(B/N) when comparing output files produced before and after the updates.* Starting June 23, 2021, radiometric calibration coefficient Version 5 (RCC V5) will be applied to newly observed ASTER data and archived ASTER data products. Details regarding RCC V5 are described in the following journal article. * Tsuchida, S., Yamamoto, H., Kouyama, T., Obata, K., Sakuma, F., Tachikawa, T., Kamei, A., Arai, K., Czapla-Myers, J.S., Biggar, S.F., and Thome, K.J., 2020, Radiometric Degradation Curves for the ASTER VNIR Processing Using Vicarious and Lunar Calibrations: Remote Sensing, v. 12, no. 3, at https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12030427.

ASTER L2 Surface Reflectance VNIR and Crosstalk Corrected SWIR V004

The Terra Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) Surface Reflectance VNIR and Crosstalk Corrected SWIR (AST_07XT) dataset contains measures of the fraction of incoming solar radiation reflected from the Earth’s surface to the ASTER instrument corrected for atmospheric effects and viewing geometry for both the Visible and Near Infrared (VNIR) and Shortwave Infrared (SWIR) sensors. Both the VNIR and SWIR data are atmospherically corrected and are generated using the bands of the corresponding ASTER [L1B](https://doi.org/10.5067/ASTER/AST_L1B.004) image. The AST_07XT product has a spatial resolution of 15 meters (m) for the VNIR bands and 30 m for the SWIR bands.Known Issues* Level 2 products that are on the international date line/anti-meridian have incorrect bounding coordinates for the UTM zone defined in the file metadata.* SWIR data acquired after April 2008 may exhibit anomalous saturation and striping. Users should consult the ASTER SWIR User Advisory for additional details.Improvements/Changes from Previous Versions* SWIR Crosstalk Correction: Applies a correction to reduce stray light effects in the SWIR bands, enhancing data quality by minimizing artifacts. Enhanced Atmospheric Correction: Version 4 uses Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications Version 2 (MERRA-2) data as the primary source for atmospheric parameters (ozone, water vapor, pressure, and temperature), improving the precision of emissivity calculations. Fallback Mechanisms: When MERRA-2 data are unavailable, the product employs Global Data Assimilation System (GDAS) data as a backup, with climatology data serving as a final fallback to ensure continuous processing. Radiometric Calibration Update: Version 4 applies Radiometric Calibration Coefficient Version 5 (RCC V5) to improve the radiometric accuracy of the raw DNs, based on research by [Tsuchida and others (2020)](https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12030427), published in Remote Sensing.

Combined ASTER and MODIS Emissivity database over Land (CAMEL) Emissivity Monthly Global 0.05Deg V002

The NASA Making Earth System Data Records for Use in Research Environments ([MEaSUREs](https://earthdata.nasa.gov/about/competitive-programs/measures)) Combined Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Emissivity for Land (CAMEL) dataset provides monthly emissivity at 0.05 degree (~5 kilometer) resolution (CAM5K30EM). The CAM5K30EM data product was created by combining the University of Wisconsin-Madison MODIS Infrared Emissivity dataset (UWIREMIS) and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory ASTER Global Emissivity Dataset Version 4 (GED V4). The two datasets have been integrated to capitalize on the unique strengths of each product's characteristics. The integration steps include: adjustment of ASTER GED Version 3 emissivities for vegetation and snow cover variations to produce ASTER GED Version 4, aggregation of ASTER GED Version 4 emissivities from 100 meter resolution to the University of Wisconsin-Madison MODIS Baseline Fit (UWBF) 5 kilometer resolution, merging of the 5 ASTER spectral emissivities with the UWBF emissivity to create CAMEL at 13 hinge points, and extension of the 13 hinge points to high spectral resolution (HSR) utilizing the Principal Component (PC) regression method. Additional details regarding the methodology are available in the User Guide and Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD).Provided in the CAM5K30EM product are layers for the CAMEL emissivity, ASTER Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), snow fraction derived from MODIS (MOD10), latitude, longitude, CAMEL quality, ASTER quality, and Best Fit Emissivity (BFE) quality information.Improvements/Changes from Previous Version* Version 2 includes two additional laboratory datasets to more accurately characterize snowy scenes.

ASTER L2 Surface Emissivity V003

The Terra Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) Surface Emissivity (AST_05) is produced using the Temperature/Emissivity Separation (TES) algorithm for the five Thermal Infrared (TIR) 90 meter bands, acquired during the day or night. The product is comprised of per-pixel emissivity measurements generated over land in addition to embedded metadata and quality assurance data planes.The ASTER L2 Surface Emissivity data product is only available through [NASA's Earthdata Search](https://search.earthdata.nasa.gov/search?q=C1299783607-LPDAAC_ECS). The ASTER Order Instructions provide step-by-step directions for ordering this product.Known Issues* Data acquisition gaps: On November 28, 2024, one of Terra's power-transmitting shunt units failed. As a result, there was insufficient power to maintain functionality of the ASTER instrument. ASTER resumed acquisitions for the VNIR bands on January 18, 2025, and for the TIR bands on April 15, 2025. Users should note the data gap in ASTER acquisitions from November 28, 2024, through January 16, 2025, for VNIR observations, and a gap from November 28, 2024, through April 15, 2025, for TIR acquisitions.Improvements/Changes from Previous Version* The Science Scalable Scripts-based Science Processor for Missions (S4PM) Version 3.4 algorithm, which is used to generate L2 Product Generation Executables (PGEs), is relying on a new ancillary input for atmospheric parameters. Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications Version 2 (MERRA-2) is global atmospheric reanalysis that combines remote sensing observations and interactions with the climate system. It will be one of the primary ozone and water vapor, pressure, and temperature inputs for L2 PGEs. MERRA-2 will provide a finer geographic resolution grid since it is a 3-dimensional, 3-hourly data collection with 50-km (latitudinal direction) spatial resolution.* The fallback options for L2 PGEs are as follows: * Ozone: [TOVS Ozone (OZ_DLY ) > AURA Ozone Monitoring Instrument (AURAOMI) > Total Ozone Analysis from Stratospheric and Tropospheric (TOAST) > Earth Probe-Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (EPTOMS)] or [MERRA-2] > National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP)/Global Data Assimilation System (GDAS) > Climatology * Water Vapor, Pressure, and Temperature: [MOD07_L2] or [MERRA-2] > NCEP/GDAS > Climatology* Caveat: The temporal range for MERRA-2 covers 1980 to present; however, there is latency of ~3 weeks after the end of a month. Hence, NCEP/GDAS > Climatology fallback sequence will be applied for on-demand requests that fall outside of MERRA-2's temporal range or if the data is not science grade.* Starting June 23, 2021, radiometric calibration coefficient Version 5 (RCC V5) will be applied to newly observed ASTER data and archived ASTER data products. Details regarding RCC V5 are described in the following journal article. * Tsuchida, S., Yamamoto, H., Kouyama, T., Obata, K., Sakuma, F., Tachikawa, T., Kamei, A., Arai, K., Czapla-Myers, J.S., Biggar, S.F., and Thome, K.J., 2020, Radiometric Degradation Curves for the ASTER VNIR Processing Using Vicarious and Lunar Calibrations: Remote Sensing, v. 12, no. 3, at https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12030427.* As of December 15, 2021, the LP DAAC has implemented changes to ASTER PGE Version 3.4, which will affect all ASTER Level 2 on-demand products. Changes include: * Aura Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) has been added as one of the ancillary ozone inputs for any observations made after May 27, 2020. The sequence of fallbacks for ozone will remain the same. * Toolkit has been updated from Version 5.2.17 to 5.2.20. Users may notice minor differences between the two versions. Differences may include minuscule changes in digital numbers around the peripheral of the granule and boundaries of a cloud for Surface Reflectance and Surface Radiance (AST07 and AST09) QA Data Plane depending on the Operating System and libraries being used by the user to process the data.* Additionally, Climatology, which is one of the inputs for Ozone and Moisture, Temperature and Pressures (MTP) will be removed from the Earthdata Order Form. It has been observed that PGEs generated with Climatology as an input yield noticeable differences statistically during image and spectral analysis. Climatology will continue to be used as the final default if neither of the first two selectable options are available for Ozone and MTP. Users can check the OPERATIONALQUALITYFLAGEXPLANATION field in the metadata or the output file for atmospheric parameters that were applied.

ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003

The Terra Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) Global Digital Elevation Model (GDEM) Version 3 (ASTGTM) provides a global digital elevation model (DEM) of land areas on Earth at a spatial resolution of 1 arc second (approximately 30 meter horizontal posting at the equator).The development of the ASTER GDEM data products is a collaborative effort between National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and Japan's Ministry of Economy, Trade, and Industry (METI). The ASTER GDEM data products are created by the Sensor Information Laboratory Corporation (SILC) in Tokyo. The ASTER GDEM Version 3 data product was created from the automated processing of the entire [ASTER Level 1A](https://doi.org/10.5067/ASTER/AST_L1A.003) archive of scenes acquired between March 1, 2000, and November 30, 2013. Stereo correlation was used to produce over one million individual scene based ASTER DEMs, to which cloud masking was applied. All cloud screened DEMs and non-cloud screened DEMs were stacked. Residual bad values and outliers were removed. In areas with limited data stacking, several existing reference DEMs were used to supplement ASTER data to correct for residual anomalies. Selected data were averaged to create final pixel values before partitioning the data into 1 degree latitude by 1 degree longitude tiles with a one pixel overlap. To correct elevation values of water body surfaces, the ASTER Global Water Bodies Database ([ASTWBD](https://doi.org/10.5067/ASTER/ASTWBD.001)) Version 1 data product was also generated. The geographic coverage of the ASTER GDEM extends from 83° North to 83° South. Each tile is distributed in both a Cloud Optimized GeoTIFF (COG) and NetCDF4 format through NASA Earthdata Search and in standard GeoTIFF format through the LP DAAC Data Pool. Data are projected on the 1984 World Geodetic System (WGS84)/1996 Earth Gravitational Model (EGM96) geoid. Each of the 22,912 tiles in the collection contain at least 0.01% land area. Provided in the ASTER GDEM product are layers for DEM and number of scenes (NUM). The NUM layer indicates the number of scenes that were processed for each pixel and the source of the data.While the ASTER GDEM Version 3 data products offer substantial improvements over Version 2, users are advised that the products still may contain anomalies and artifacts that will reduce its usability for certain applications. Known Issues* ASTER GDEM Version 3 tiles overlap by one pixel to the north, south, east, and west of the tile perimeter. In most cases the overlapping edge pixels have identical pixel values, but it is possible that in some instances values will differ. * ASTER GDEM Version 3 is considered to be void free except for Greenland and Antarctica.* Users are reminded that because there are known inaccuracies and artifacts in the dataset, to use the product with awareness of these limitations. The data are provided "as is" and neither NASA nor METI/Earth Resources Satellite Data Analysis Center (ERSDAC) will be responsible for any damages resulting from use of the data.Improvements/Changes from Previous Version* Expansion of acquisition coverage to increase the amount of cloud free input scenes from about 1.5 million in Version 2 to about 1.88 million scenes in Version 3.* Separation of rivers from lakes in the water body processing.* Minimum water body detection size decreased from 1 square kilometer (km²) to 0.2 km².

ASTER Digital Elevation Model V004

The Terra Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) Digital Elevation Model (AST14DEM) product is generated using bands 3N (nadir-viewing) and 3B (backward-viewing) of an ASTER [Level 1A](https://doi.org/10.5067/ASTER/AST_L1A.004) image acquired by the Visible and Near Infrared (VNIR) sensor. The VNIR subsystem includes two independent telescope assemblies that facilitate the generation of stereoscopic data. The band 3 stereo pair is acquired in the spectral range of 0.78 and 0.86 microns with a base-to-height ratio of 0.6 and an intersection angle of 27.7 degrees. There is a time lag of approximately one minute between the acquisition of the nadir and backward images. For a better understanding, refer to the [diagram](https://lpdaac.usgs.gov/documents/301/ASTER_Along_Track_Imaging_Geometry.png) depicting the along-track imaging geometry diagram of the ASTER VNIR nadir and backward-viewing sensors. Improvements/Changes from Previous Versions* Radiometric Calibration Update: Version 4 applies Radiometric Calibration Coefficient Version 5 (RCC V5) to improve the radiometric accuracy of the raw DNs, based on research by [Tsuchida and others (2020)](https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12030427), published in Remote Sensing.

restrictednotspecifiedJun 2025View details →

ASTER Global Emissivity Dataset 1 kilometer Binary

The AG1kmB Version 3 dataset was decommissioned as of December 14, 2016. Users are encouraged to use the ASTER Global Emissivity Dataset 1-kilometer [AG1km](https://doi.org/10.5067/Community/ASTER_GED/AG1km.003) dataset in HDF5. The Terra Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) Global Emissivity Dataset (GED) land surface temperature and emissivity (LST&E) data products are generated using the ASTER Temperature Emissivity Separation (TES) algorithm with a Water Vapor Scaling (WVS) atmospheric correction method using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) MOD07 atmospheric profiles and the MODerate spectral resolution TRANsmittance (MODTRAN) 5.2 radiative transfer model. This dataset is computed from all clear-sky pixels of ASTER scenes acquired from 2000 through 2008. The HDF5 version of the data are available for distribution, please see [AG1km](https://doi.org/10.5067/Community/ASTER_GED/AG1km.003) for more information.The National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (NASA) Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), California Institute of Technology, developed the ASTER GED product.Knonw Issues* Known issues are provided in Section 4 of the User Guide.Improvements/Changes from Previous Versions* Includes data for the entire globe.* Includes the mean climatology of all ASTER data for the specific temporal extent.

LBA-ECO LC-23 ASTER and MODIS Fire Data Comparison for Brazil: 2003-2004

This data set contains data associated with MODIS fire maps generated using two different algorithms and compared against fire maps produced by ASTER. These data relate to a paper (Morisette et al., 2005) that describes the use of high spatial resolution ASTER data to evaluate the characteristics of two fire detection algorithms, both applied to MODIS-Terra data and both operationally producing publicly available fire locations. The two algorithms are NASA's operational Earth Observing System MODIS fire detection product and Brazil's National Institute for Space Research (INPE) algorithm. These data are the ASCII files used in the logistic regression and error matrices presented in the paper.

ASTER L1A Reconstructed Unprocessed Instrument Data V003

The Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) Level 1A (AST_L1A) contains reconstructed, instrument digital numbers (DNs) derived from the acquired telemetry streams of the telescopes: Visible and Near Infrared (VNIR), Shortwave Infrared (SWIR), and Thermal Infrared (TIR). Additionally, geometric correction coefficients and radiometric calibration coefficients are calculated and appended to the metadata but not applied. The AST_L1A product has a spatial resolution of 15 meters (m) for the VNIR bands, 30 m for the SWIR bands, and 90 m for the TIR bands.Known Issues* Users are advised that ASTER SWIR data acquired from April 2008 to the present exhibit anomalous saturation of values and anomalous striping. This effect is also present for some prior acquisition periods. Please refer to the ASTER SWIR User Advisory for more details.* Data acquisition gaps: On November 28, 2024, one of Terra's power-transmitting shunt units failed. As a result, there was insufficient power to maintain functionality of the ASTER instrument. ASTER resumed acquisitions for the VNIR bands on January 18, 2025, and for the TIR bands on April 15, 2025. Users should note the data gap in ASTER acquisitions from November 28, 2024, through January 16, 2025, for VNIR observations, and a gap from November 28, 2024, through April 15, 2025, for TIR acquisitions.Improvements/Changes from Previous Version* Geometric correction to account for Earth's rotation angle and nutation.* Geometric correction for geolocation errors associated with nighttime TIR scenes.* Radiometric correction to account for degradation of onboard calibration lamps.* Starting June 23, 2021, radiometric calibration coefficient Version 5 (RCC V5) will be applied to newly observed ASTER data and archived ASTER data products. Details regarding RCC V5 are described in the following journal article. * Tsuchida, S., Yamamoto, H., Kouyama, T., Obata, K., Sakuma, F., Tachikawa, T., Kamei, A., Arai, K., Czapla-Myers, J.S., Biggar, S.F., and Thome, K.J., 2020, Radiometric Degradation Curves for the ASTER VNIR Processing Using Vicarious and Lunar Calibrations: Remote Sensing, v. 12, no. 3, at https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12030427.

Combined ASTER and MODIS Emissivity database over Land (CAMEL) Emissivity Monthly Global 0.05Deg V003

The NASA Making Earth System Data Records for Use in Research Environments ([MEaSUREs](https://earthdata.nasa.gov/about/competitive-programs/measures)) Combined Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Emissivity for Land (CAMEL) dataset provides monthly emissivity at 0.05 degree (~5 kilometer) resolution (CAM5K30EM). The CAM5K30EM data product was created by combining the University of Wisconsin-Madison MODIS Baseline Fit (UWBF) emissivity database and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory ASTER Global Emissivity Dataset Version 4 (GED V4). The two datasets have been integrated to capitalize on the unique strengths of each product's characteristics.The integration steps include adjustment of ASTER GED Version 3 emissivities for vegetation and snow cover variations to produce ASTER GED Version 4, aggregation of ASTER GED Version 4 emissivities from 100 meter resolution to the UWBF 5 kilometer resolution, merging of the five ASTER spectral emissivities with the UWBF emissivity to create CAMEL at 13 hinge points, and extension of the 13 hinge points to high spectral resolution (HSR) utilizing the Principal Component (PC) regression method. Additional details regarding the methodology are available in the User Guide and Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD).Provided in the CAM5K30EM product are layers for the CAMEL emissivity, ASTER Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), snow fraction derived from MODIS (MOD10), latitude, longitude, CAMEL quality, ASTER quality, and the UWBF emissivity quality information.Known Issues* The following granules are missing from the product: January, February, and August of 2000; June and July of 2001; March of 2002; December of 2003; July of 2010; and February of 2016.Improvements/Changes from Previous Version* Version 3 includes new MODIS Terra and Aqua Land Surface Temperature and 3-Band Emissivity (MYD/MOD21) input data in the University of Wisconsin-Madison MODIS Baseline Fit (UWBF) emissivity database and the latest 6.1 version of MODIS Terra and Aqua Land Surface Temperature and Emissivity (MYD/MOD11) and MYD/MOD21 products with the most up-to-date calibration corrections. Additional information on the Version 3 updates is provided in Section 2 of the User Guide and ATBD.

Combined ASTER and MODIS Emissivity database over Land (CAMEL) Coefficient Climatology Monthly Global 0.05Deg V003

The NASA Making Earth System Data Records for Use in Research Environments ([MEaSUREs](https://earthdata.nasa.gov/about/competitive-programs/measures)) Combined Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Emissivity for Land (CAMEL) data suite has been expanded to include a monthly global coefficient climatology product (CAM5K30CFCLIM). The product is provided at 0.05 degree (~5 kilometer) resolution. The CAMEL Principal Components Analysis (PCA) input coefficients utilized in the CAMEL high spectral resolution (HSR) algorithm are provided in the CAM5K30CFCLIM data product. This HSR algorithm is accessible in both [MATLAB](https://lpdaac.usgs.gov/documents/2233/MATLAB_Source_Code.tar.gz) and [FORTRAN](https://lpdaac.usgs.gov/documents/2234/FORTRAN_Source_Code.tar.gz) programming languages, and it corresponds with the temporally equivalent [CAM5K30EMCLIM](https://doi.org/10.5067/MEaSUREs/LSTE/CAM5K30EMCLIM.003) emissivity data product. The HSR emissivity spectra for the same month each year and each unique combination of lab dataset version and number of Principal Components (PC)s are first computed independently and then combined via a weighted average. The weighted average over 2003 through 2021 (19 years) defines the weights by the number of samples from each unique combination. Additional details regarding the methodology are available in the User Guide and Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD).Provided in the CAM5K30CFCLIM product are variables for PCA coefficients, the weights and sample numbers of the climatology coefficients used in the average calculation, sets of the number of PCA coefficients, laboratory version numbers, latitude, longitude, and land flag information. PCA coefficients depend on the lab PC data version and the number of PCs used.

ASTER L2 Surface Radiance VNIR and Crosstalk Corrected SWIR V004

The Terra Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) Surface Radiance VNIR and Crosstalk Corrected SWIR (AST_09XT) contains atmospherically corrected data for the Visible and Near Infrared (VNIR) and Shortwave Infrared (SWIR) sensors. The AST_09XT product has a spatial resolution of 15 meters (m) for the VNIR bands and 30 m for the SWIR bands. Both the VNIR and the SWIR data are atmospherically corrected using the corresponding bands from an ASTER [Level 1B](https://doi.org/10.5067/ASTER/AST_L1B.004) image.Known Issues* Level 2 products that are on the international date line/anti-meridian have incorrect bounding coordinates for the UTM zone defined in the file metadata.* SWIR data acquired after April 2008 may exhibit anomalous saturation and striping. Users should consult the ASTER SWIR User Advisory for additional details.Improvements/Changes from Previous Versions* SWIR Crosstalk Correction: Applies a correction to reduce stray light effects in the SWIR bands, enhancing data quality by minimizing artifacts. Enhanced Atmospheric Correction: Version 4 uses Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications Version 2 (MERRA-2) data as the primary source for atmospheric parameters (ozone, water vapor, pressure, and temperature), improving the precision of emissivity calculations. Fallback Mechanisms: When MERRA-2 data are unavailable, the product employs Global Data Assimilation System (GDAS) data as a backup, with climatology data serving as a final fallback to ensure continuous processing. Radiometric Calibration Update: Version 4 applies Radiometric Calibration Coefficient Version 5 (RCC V5) to improve the radiometric accuracy of the raw DNs, based on research by [Tsuchida and others (2020)](https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12030427), published in Remote Sensing.

SMEX02 ASTER Level 1B Data, Iowa, Version 1

These ASTER Level 1B data include three Visible and Near-infrared (VNIR) bands, six Shortwave Infrared (SWIR) bands, and five Thermal Infrared (TIR) bands The data are L1B (radiance) data with geometric and radiometric correction.

ASTER L2 Surface Radiance TIR V004

The Terra Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) Surface Radiance TIR (AST_09T) is generated using the five Thermal Infrared (TIR) bands (acquired either during the day or nighttime) between 8 and 12 µm spectral range. It provides surface-leaving radiance for the TIR bands at a spatial resolution of 90 meters, which includes both surface-emitted and surface-reflected components. It also provides the downwelling sky irradiance values (in W/m2/µm) for each of the TIR bands. This product is atmospherically corrected, and the surface-leaving radiance is of known accuracy and valid only for clear-sky scenes (cloud-free pixels). This atmospherically corrected product provides the input for generating two other higher level products: surface spectral emissivity and surface kinetic temperature.The algorithm to correct atmospheric effects involves two elements. First, it uses a radiative transfer model—the Moderate Resolution Transmittance Code (MODTRAN)—which can estimate the magnitude of atmospheric emission, absorption, and scattering. MODTRAN calculates atmospheric transmittance and radiance for frequencies from 0 to 50,000 cmˉ¹ at moderate spectral resolution. Second, it identifies and incorporates all the necessary atmospheric parameters applicable to the location and time for which the measurements require correction, including temperature, water vapor, elevation, ozone, and aerosols.Known Issues* Level 2 products that are on the international date line/anti-meridian have incorrect bounding coordinates for the UTM zone defined in the file metadata.Improvements/Changes from Previous Versions* Enhanced Atmospheric Correction: Version 4 uses Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications Version 2 (MERRA-2) data as the primary source for atmospheric parameters (ozone, water vapor, pressure, and temperature), improving the precision of emissivity calculations. Fallback Mechanisms: When MERRA-2 data are unavailable, the product employs Global Data Assimilation System (GDAS) data as a backup, with climatology data serving as a final fallback to ensure continuous processing. Radiometric Calibration Update: Version 4 applies Radiometric Calibration Coefficient Version 5 (RCC V5) to improve the radiometric accuracy of the raw DNs, based on research by [Tsuchida and others (2020)](https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12030427), published in Remote Sensing.

Combined ASTER and MODIS Emissivity database over Land (CAMEL) Covariances Climatology Monthly Global 0.25Deg V003