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22,455 results for “Diversion”
F I G U R E 6 A in Assessing the diversity of Australian tarantulas (Araneae: Theraphosidae) using DNA barcoding and iterative species delimitation
F I G U R E 6 A midpoint rooted, maximum likelihood phylogeny using IQ-TREE of the 20 biological species found in this study. The phylogeny was estimated using 1000 ultrafast bootstraps (ufBS) from the three-gene concatenated sequence alignment. Coloured boxes and borders correspond to the colours used under the 5% cut-off (Figure S1). Only ufBS of 90 or greater are shown. Species sharing the same colour were found to share at least one nuclear allele.
F I G U R E 3 A 16S in Assessing the diversity of Australian tarantulas (Araneae: Theraphosidae) using DNA barcoding and iterative species delimitation
F I G U R E 3 A 16S neighbour-joining tree constructed under an HKY substitution model used for identifying putative species.
F I G U R E 5 in Assessing the diversity of Australian tarantulas (Araneae: Theraphosidae) using DNA barcoding and iterative species delimitation
F I G U R E 5 TCS haplotype network coloured by putative species identified at the 4% cut-off. (a) EF1γ. (b) 28S.
F I G U R E 1 in Assessing the diversity of Australian tarantulas (Araneae: Theraphosidae) using DNA barcoding and iterative species delimitation
F I G U R E 1 Map of sampling localities across Australia identified by putative species under the 4% threshold.
Data from: Deep-living and diverse Antarctic seaweeds are potentially important contributors to global carbon fixation
<p>Global models predict that Antarctica has little suitable habitat for macroalgae and that Antarctic macroalgae therefore make a negligible contribution to global carbon fixation. However, coastal surveys are rare at southern polar latitudes (beyond 71° S), and here we report diverse and abundant macroalgal assemblages in un-navigated coastal habitats of the Ross Sea from 71.5˚ – 74.5˚ S. We found extensive macroalgal assemblages living at depths >70 m and specimens of crustose coralline algae as deep as 125 m. Using global light modelling and published photosynthetic rates we estimate that Antarctic macroalgae may contribute between 0.9 – 2.8 % of global macroalgal carbon fixation. Combined, this suggests that Antarctic macroalgae may be a greater contributor to global carbon fixation and possibly sequestration than previously thought. The vulnerability of these coastal environments to climate change, especially shifting sea ice extent and persistence, could influence Southern Ocean carbon fixation and rates of long-term sequestration.</p>
F I G U R E 4 in Assessing the diversity of Australian tarantulas (Araneae: Theraphosidae) using DNA barcoding and iterative species delimitation
F I G U R E 4 Species delimitation summary. Boxes in white represent which initial putative species specimens are assigned to as estimated under different barcode gap cut-offs. Letters within boxes represent different putative species hypotheses. Boxes in green are where the nuclear loci are consistent with being a distinct biological species, with no evidence of allele sharing. Boxes in grey are where putative species are found to share alleles of the nuclear loci. Boxes in orange are where putative species share internal haplotypes but also have alleles unique to each putative species (neotypy). Boxes in black represent the putative species found to be supported under different initial putative species thresholds.
F I G U R E 4 in A low-density single nucleotide polymorphism panel for brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) suitable for exploring genetic diversity at a range of spatial scales
F I G U R E 4 Correlation between geographic distance (km) against genetic distance (linear FST) for the trout samples from the River Camel. The red points represent those between the De Lank and all other sites, the black points for all pair-wise comparisons excluding the De Lank. Linear regression for all sites including the De Lank is given by the red line (r2 = 0.321, P = 0.231), and linear regression for all pair-wise sites excluding the De Lank is given by the black line (r2 = 0.658, P = 0.0671)
FIGURE 7 in Bundles of Sperm: Structural Diversity in Scorpion Sperm Packages Illuminates Evolution of Insemination in an Ancient Lineage
FIGURE 7. Boxplot of Tukey HSD test illustrating three major length types (a–c) of single folded sperm packages in Scorpiones. Representatives of the three groups in boldface (see text).
Figure 3 in Diversity and community structure of oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida) in the dominant habitats of Machakhela National Park (Georgia, Caucasus)
Figure 3. The results of the cluster analysis of the different forest habitats in Machakhela National Park.
Figure 1 in Diversity and community structure of oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida) in the dominant habitats of Machakhela National Park (Georgia, Caucasus)
Figure 1. Distribution of the sites of the sample collection of the oribatid mite diversity in the Machakhela National Park.
Fire promotes functional plant diversity and modifies soil carbon dynamics in tropical savanna
<p>The dataset associated with the manuscript "Fire promotes functional plant diversity and modifies soil carbon dynamics in tropical savanna" (Teixeira et al.) includes 6 different datasets, for which we provided one metadata.<br> </p> <p><strong>Version 2</strong> includes an update of the biomass data set, including the correct transformation to g/m2 on fine roots biomass data.<br><br><strong>Version 3 </strong>includes an update of the belowground traits data set based on correcting formatting errors in the belowground traits data. <br><br><strong>Version 4 </strong>Sorry for the inconvenience. This version includes the correct updated belowground traits data file based on the correct formatting errors in the belowground trait data. <br><br>fluxes: it includes data related to net ecosystem C and water exchange. NEE and ET from each plot were measured using the LiCOR 7500 infrared gas analyzer (Li-Cor Inc.). See the method section in the manuscript for full details.</p> <p>soil_carbon: it includes carbon soil data.<br><br>biomass_v2: it includes data related to aboveground and belowground biomass. Aboveground data were collected in 0.5m2 subplot and belowground at 0.25m2 at 20cm depth both within 1m2 sampling plot. See the method section in the manuscript for full details.</p> <p>aboveground_traits: all aboveground functional traits from plant species. See the method section in the manuscript for full details.</p> <p>belowground_traitsv3: all roots functional traits from plant species. See the method section in the manuscript for full details.</p> <p>species_composition: plant community composition. See the method section in the manuscript for full details.</p> <p><br><strong>Abstract</strong><br>Fire is an evolutionary environmental filter in tropical savanna ecosystems altering functional diversity and associated C pools in the biosphere and fluxes between the atmosphere and biosphere. Therefore, alterations in fire regimes (e.g. fire exclusion) will strongly influence ecosystem processes and associated dynamics. In those ecosystems, C dynamics and functions are underestimated by the fire-induced offset between C output and input. To determine how fire shapes ecosystem C pools and fluxes in an open savanna across recently burned and fire excluded areas, we measured the following metrics: (I) plant diversity including taxonomic (i.e. richness, evenness) and plant functional diversity (i.e. functional diversity, functional richness, functional dispersion and community weighted means); (II) structure (i.e. above- and below-ground biomass, litter accumulation); and (III) functions related to C balance (i.e. net ecosystem carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>)<sub> </sub>exchange (NEE), ecosystem transpiration (ET), soil respiration (soil CO<sub>2</sub> efflux), ecosystem water use efficiency (eWUE) and total soil organic C (SOC). We found that fire promoted aboveground live and belowground biomass, including belowground organs, and coarse and fine root biomass, and contributed to higher biomass allocation belowground. Fire also increased both functional diversity and dispersion. NEE and total SOC were higher in burned plots compared to fire-excluded plots whereas soil respiration recorded lower values in burned areas. Both ET and eWUE were not affected by fire. Fire strongly favored functional diversity, fine root, and belowground organ biomass in piecewise SEM models but the role of both functional diversity and ecosystem structure to mediate the effect of fire on ecosystem functions remain unclear. Fire regime will impact C balance, and fire exclusion may lead to lower C input in open savanna ecosystems.</p>
Figure 16 in The diversity of Triassic South American sphenodontians: a new basal form, clevosaurs, and a revision of rhynchocephalian phylogeny
Figure 16. Phylogeny of Rhynchocephalia, recovered from: A, strict consensus tree from the maximum parsimony analysis with Bremer values above 1 labelled beside the nodes; and B, 50% majority rule consensus tree from the Bayesian-inference analysis with clade credibility values (decimal proportions) labelled beside nodes.
Figure 13 in The diversity of Triassic South American sphenodontians: a new basal form, clevosaurs, and a revision of rhynchocephalian phylogeny
Figure 13. The braincase and cervical vertebra of Microsphenodon bonapartei gen. et sp. nov. (UFRGS-PV-0972-T). A–F, nearcomplete braincase in: A, anterior; B, posterior; C, left lateral; D, right lateral; E, dorsal; and F, ventral views. G–K, fragments of the axis and atlas in: G, right lateral; H, left lateral; I, ventral; J, dorsal; and K, posterior views. Abbreviations: at, atlas; ax, axis; bo, basioccipital; bs, basisphenoid; car. for, carotid foramen; cen, centrum; cul. proc, cultriform process; eo, exoccipital; int, intercentrum; ne. arch, neural arch; ocon, occipital condyle; op, opisthotic; par, paroccipital; pila, pila antotica; pr, prootic; proc, process; ps, parasphenoid; so, supraoccipital. Scale bars for A–F equal 5 mm; G–K equal 1 mm.
Figure 9 in The diversity of Triassic South American sphenodontians: a new basal form, clevosaurs, and a revision of rhynchocephalian phylogeny
Figure 9. Cranial material of Microsphenodon bonapartei gen. et sp. nov. (A, UFRGS-PV-0972-T; B, C, UFRGS-PV-0613-T; D, E, UFRGS-PV-0827-T; F, UFRGS-PV-0848-T). A, left lateral view of the holotype near-complete skull UFRGS-PV-0972-T. B, C, partial skull of UFRGS-PV-0613-T in: B, left lateral; and C, ventral views. D, E, right palatine UFRGS-PV-0827-T in: D, right lateral; and E, ventral views. F, medial view of left dentary UFRGS-PV-0848-T. Scale bars equal 5 mm.
Figure 8 in The diversity of Triassic South American sphenodontians: a new basal form, clevosaurs, and a revision of rhynchocephalian phylogeny
Figure 8. The lower left mandible of Brazilian sphenodontians. A–C, J, Clevosaurus brasiliensis (UFRGS-PV-0748-T) in: A, lateral; B, dorsal; C, medial; and J, scaled lateral views. D, I, Clevosaurus brasiliensis (UFSM-PV-0131) in: D, lateral; and I, scaled lateral views. E, K, Clevosaurus brasiliensis (UFRGS-PV-0974-T) in: E, lateral; and K, scaled lateral views. F–H, L, Microsphenodon bonapartei gen. et sp. nov. (UFRGS-PV-0972-T) in: F, lateral; G, dorsal; H, medial; and L, scaled lateral views. M, Lanceirosphenodon (CAPPA/UFSM 0226) in scaled view. Abbreviations: add, additional; alt, alternating; ang, angular; artcom, articular complex; cor, coronoid; cpr, coronoid process; ht, hatchling; mc, Meckelian canal; men, mentonian; mdf, mandibular foramen; pra, prearticular; proc, process; ret, retroarticular; sb, secondary bone; sur, surangular; sy, symphysis; th, tooth; wft, wear facet. Scale bars equal 10 mm.
Figure 7 in The diversity of Triassic South American sphenodontians: a new basal form, clevosaurs, and a revision of rhynchocephalian phylogeny
Figure 7. The braincase and cervical vertebra of Clevosaurus brasiliensis (A–F, UFRGS-PV-0748-T; G–I, UFSM-PV-0131; J–N, UFRGS-PV-0974-T). A–F, near-complete braincase of UFRGS-PV-0748-T in: A, posterior; B, dorsal; C, ventral; D, anterior; E, left lateral; and F, right lateral views. G–I, the partial left half of the braincase of UFSM-PV-0131 in: G, anterolateral; H, ventral; and I, dorsal views. J–N, the articulated cervical vertebra of UFRGS-PV-0974-T in: J, right lateral; K, ventral; L, dorsal; M, posterior; and N, anterior views. Abbreviations: ax, axis; bo, basioccipital; bs, basisphenoid; car. for, carotid foramen; cen, centrum; cul. proc, cultriform process; eo, exoccipital; fac, facet; ne. arch, neural arch; ocon, occipital condyle; op, opisthotic; par, paroccipital; pila, pila antotica; pr, prootic; proc, process; ps, parasphenoid; pt, pterygoid; so, supraoccipital; st, supratemporal. Scale bar for A–L equals 5 mm; M, N equals 1 mm.
Figure 11 in The diversity of Triassic South American sphenodontians: a new basal form, clevosaurs, and a revision of rhynchocephalian phylogeny
Figure 11. Digital segmentation of selected cranial material of the holotype of Microsphenodon bonapartei gen. et sp. nov. (UFRGS-PV-0972-T). A–C, left maxilla in: A, lateral; B, ventral; and C, medial views. D–F, left nasal and prefrontal in: D, dorsal; E, lateral; and F, posterior views. G, H, left postfrontal in: G, medial; and H, lateral views. I, J, articulated frontals and parietals in: I, dorsal; and J, ventral views. K, L, left jugal in: K, lateral; and L, medial views. M, N, left postorbital in: M, medial; and N, lateral views. O, P, right squamosal in: O, lateral; and P, medial views. Abbreviations: add, additional; alt, alternating; ant, anterior; can, caniniform; con, conical; ept, epipterygoid; f, frontal; fac, facet; fl, flange; j, jugal; m, maxilla; n, nasal; p, parietal; pal, palatine; pfr, prefrontal; pinf, pineal foramen; pm, premaxilla; po, postorbital; pof, postfrontal; post, posterior; prf, prefrontal; proc, process; q, quadrate; sq, squamosal; st, supratemporal; th, tooth; ven, ventral. Scale bars for A–H, K–P equal 5 mm; I, J equal 10 mm.
Figure 6 in The diversity of Triassic South American sphenodontians: a new basal form, clevosaurs, and a revision of rhynchocephalian phylogeny
Figure 6. Ventral view of palatines for Clevosaurus brasiliensis (A–D), and Microsphenodon bonapartei gen. et sp. nov. (E–G). A, UFSM-PV-0131; B, UFRGS-PV-0748-T; C, UFRGS-PV-0974-T; D, MCN-PV 2852. E, right palatine, UFRGS-PV-0827-T; F, right palatine, UFRGS-PV-0613-T; G, left palatine, UFRGS-PV-0972-T. Abbreviations: cl, cluster; d, dentary; iso, isolated; lat, lateral; rid, ridge; th, tooth. Not to scale.
Figure 5 in The diversity of Triassic South American sphenodontians: a new basal form, clevosaurs, and a revision of rhynchocephalian phylogeny
Figure 5. Cranial material of Clevosaurus brasiliensis (A–F, UFSM-PV-0131; G–M, UFRGS-PV-0748-T). A–C, left supratemporal in: A, posterolateral; B, anteromedial; and C, posteroventral views. D–F, right quadrate in: D, posterior; E, lateral; F, medial views. G, left quadrate in anteromedial view. H, left vomer in ventral view. I, right palatine in ventral view. J, K, pterygoids in J, ventral; and K, dorsal views. L, left ectopterygoid in ventral view. M, palate in left lateral view. Abbreviations: artcon, articular condyle; bs, basisphenoid; cl, cluster; epi, epipterygoid; ept, ectopterygoid; fac, facet; for, foramen; lat, lateral; m, maxilla; p, parietal; pal, palatine; pla, plate; pr, prootic; pt, pterygoid; q, quadrate; qj, quadratojugal; rid, ridge; sq, squamosal; st, supratemporal; th, tooth; ven, ventral; ver, vertical; vo, vomer. Scale bars for A–G, I–K, M equal 5 mm; H, L equal 1 mm.
Figure 4 in The diversity of Triassic South American sphenodontians: a new basal form, clevosaurs, and a revision of rhynchocephalian phylogeny
Figure 4. Cross-sections of the tooth implantation in Microsphenodon bonapartei gen. et sp. nov. (A–C, N) and Clevosaurus brasiliensis (D–M, O). A–C, coronal cross-sections showing tooth implantation in Microsphenodon bonapartei (UFRGS-PV-0972-T) in: A, posterior-most dentary tooth; B, posterior-most maxillary tooth; and C, palate. D–H, coronal cross-sections showing tooth implantation in Clevosaurus brasiliensis (UFRGS-PV-0748-T) in: D, posterior-most dentary tooth; E, penultimate additional maxillary tooth; H, hatchling teeth; and for UFRGS-PV-0974-T in F, ultimate maxillary and dentary teeth; and G, hatchling teeth. Sagittal cross-sections of the bone bearing elements of Clevosaurus brasiliensis (UFRGS-PV-0974-T) for I, palatine; J, left pterygoid; K, right pterygoid; L, left maxilla; and M, left dentary. N, left maxilla and dentary of Microsphenodon bonapartei (UFRGS-PV-0972-T) demonstrating the depth of the acrodont implantation. O, left maxilla and dentary of Clevosaurus brasiliensis (UFRGS-PV-0748-T) demonstrating the depth of the acrodont implantation. Abbreviations: add, additional; alc, alveolar canal; cap, pulp cavity; d, dentary; ht, hatchling; j, jugal; m, maxilla; mc, Meckelian canal; pal, palatine; pm, premaxilla; prf, prefrontal; pt, pterygoid; th, tooth. Scale bars for A–K equal 1 mm; L–O equal 10 mm.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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