Find research datasets worth reusing

opencc-by-4.0May 2023View details →

Data to our paper "Enhancing Photocatalysis: Understanding the Mechanistic Diversity in Photocatalysts Modified with Single-Atom Catalytic Sites"

Data to our paper "Enhancing Photocatalysis: Understanding the Mechanistic Diversity in Photocatalysts Modified with Single-Atom Catalytic Sites"

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2023View details →

Enhanced Mapping of Small Molecule Binding Sites in Cells

Selected docking poses for Wozniak et al manuscript. File name include the structure id (PDBID or Alphafold model) and the probe id, separated by an underscore (i.e., 6tjk_4.pdb, or AF-P10620-F1-model_6.pdb).

opencc-zeroSep 2023View details →

Artificial space weathering to mimic solar wind enhances the toxicity of lunar dust simulants in human lung cells

During NASA's Apollo missions, inhalation of dust particles from lunar regolith was identified as a potential occupational hazard for astronauts. These fine particles adhered tightly to spacesuits and were unavoidably brought into the living areas of the spacecraft. Apollo astronauts reported that exposure to the dust caused intense respiratory and ocular irritation. This problem is a potential challenge for the Artemis Program, which aims to return humans to the Moon for extended stays in this decade. Since lunar dust is "weathered" by space radiation, solar wind, and the incessant bombardment of micrometeorites, we investigated whether treatment of lunar regolith simulants to mimic space weathering enhanced their toxicity. Two such simulants were employed in this research, Lunar Mare Simulant-1 (LMS-1), and Lunar Highlands Simulant-1 (LHS-1), which were added to cultures of human lung epithelial cells (A549) to simulate lung exposure to the dusts. In addition to pulverization, previously shown to increase dust toxicity sharply, the simulants were exposed to hydrogen gas at high temperature as a proxy for solar wind exposure. This treatment further increased the toxicity of both simulants, as measured by the disruption of mitochondrial function, and damage to DNA both in mitochondria and in the nucleus. By testing the effects of supplementing the cells with an antioxidant (N-acetylcysteine), we showed that a substantial component of this toxicity arises from free radicals. It remains to be determined to what extent the radicals arise from the dust itself, as opposed to their active generation by inflammatory processes in the treated cells.

Mineral Protection rather than Aggregate Stability Enhanced Soil Organic Carbon Along an Elevated Gradient in Alpine Areas of Southwest China

This data contains Background, Dominant plant and their biomass, Environmental variables, Aggregate stability, Fe/Al oxides, Mass of soil density fractions, Carbon contetn in each density fraction, Mass of aggregates, Carbon content in each aggregate class size, Ratio of carbon content in each soil density and aggregate fractions and Enzyme avtivity of our investigated sites. Total 46 factors were given.

Contrasting carbon dioxide removal potential and nutrient feedbacks of simulated ocean alkalinity enhancement and macroalgae afforestation

PISCES model outputs supporting the associated publication. Files are for the following simulations: historical control (CTL), OAE without nutrient addition (OAE), OAE with nutrient addition (OAE_Fe_Si), macroalgae afforestation without nutrient feedbacks (MACRO) and macroalgae afforestation with nutrient feedbacks (MACRO_N_P). The following outputs are provided at monthly resolution: air-sea carbon flux (Cflx), export flux at 100m (EPC100) and depth integrated net primary production of phytoplankton (INTPP). In addition masks of the regions of OAE (mask_OAE) and macroalgae afforestation (mask_MACRO) are provided. All files have been regridded from the original eORCA025 grid to a regular 360x180 degree grid.

Datasets used in "Evidential Deep Learning: Enhancing Predictive Uncertainty Estimation for Earth System Science Applications"

The precipitation type (p-type) dataset (ptype.parquet) comprises observational weather reports sourced from the Meteorological Phenomena Identification Near the Ground (mPING) project, combined with corresponding numerical weather prediction data from the NOAA Rapid Refresh (RAP) model. These crowd-sourced mPING reports offer precipitation type labels (rain, snow, sleet, and freezing rain) across North America, while the RAP model provides atmospheric data, including temperature, humidity, and wind profiles, on pressure levels.   The RAP data covers the contiguous United States (CONUS) from 2015 to 2022 on an hourly 13km grid. The mPING observations are matched to the nearest RAP grid cell and hour, allowing the two data sources to be merged into a labeled dataset suitable for classification tasks.    The surface layer flux dataset (surface_layer.csv) contains high-frequency meteorological observations spanning from 2013 to 2015, collected at the Cabauw Experimental Site in the Netherlands. It includes measurements of various variables such as temperature, humidity, wind, radiation, and soil moisture, recorded every 10 minutes. The target output encompasses friction velocity, sensible heat, and latent heat. The code used for processing the datasets and training neural network models is available in the Miles-Guess repository (<a href="https://github.com/ai2es/miles-guess">https://github.com/ai2es/miles-guess</a>).

opencc-by-4.0May 2023View details →

Enhanced design of multiplexed coded masks for Fresnel incoherent correlation holography

Original Dataset of figures of the published article Enhanced design of multiplexed coded masks for Fresnel incoherent correlation holography in <a href="https://www.nature.com/srep">Scientific Reports</a> volume 13, Article number: 7390 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-34492-2

Data Set for Enhanced Performance Prediction of ATL Model Transformations

Model transformation languages are domain-specific languages, which are designed to comfortably define transformations. With the increasing use of transformations in various domains, the complexity and size of input models are also increasing. However, developers often lack suitable models for performance testing. We have therefore conducted experiments in which we predict the performance of model transformations based on characteristics of input models using machine learning approaches. In particular, we focused on how to predict the performance of transformations that also transform attributes whose values can have arbitrary size. This dataset contains our raw and processed input data, the scripts necessary to repeat our experiments, and the results we obtained. Our input data consists of the time measurements for six different transformations defined in the Atlas Transformation Language (ATL), as well as the collected characteristics of the real-world input models we used. In this data set, we provide the script that implements our experiments. We predict the execution time of ATL transformations using the machine learning approaches linear regression, random forests and support vector regression using a radial basis function kernel. We also investigate different sets of characteristics of input models as input for the machine learning approaches. These are described in detail in the provided documentation.pdf. The results of the experiments are provided as raw data in individual cvs files. Furthermore, we provide our Eclipse plugin, which collects the characteristics for a set of given models. A detailed documentation is available in documentaion.pdf.

opencc-zeroSep 2023View details →

Data from: Evolutionarily labile dispersal behavior and discontinuous habitats enhance population differentiation in island vs continentally distributed swallows

The causes of population divergence in vagile groups remain a paradox in evolutionary biology: dispersive species should be able to colonize new areas, a prerequisite for allopatric speciation, but dispersal also facilitates gene flow, which erodes population differentiation. Strong dispersal ability has been suggested to enhance divergence in patchy habitats and inhibit divergence in continuous landscapes, but empirical support for this hypothesis is lacking. Here we compared patterns of population divergence in a dispersive clade of swallows distributed across both patchy and continuous habitats. The Pacific Swallow (Hirundo tahitica) has an insular distribution throughout Southeast Asia and the Pacific, while its sister species, the Welcome Swallow (H. neoxena), has a continental distribution in Australia. We used whole-genome data to demonstrate strong genetic structure and limited introgression among insular populations, but not among continental populations. Demographic models show that historic changes in habitat connectivity have contributed to population structure within the clade. Swallows appear to exhibit evolutionarily labile dispersal behavior in which they reduce dispersal propensity after island colonization despite retaining strong flight ability. Our data support the hypothesis that fragmented habitats enhance population differentiation in vagile groups, and suggest that labile dispersal behavior is a key mechanism underlying this pattern.

openother-openSep 2023View details →

Wildfire Information and Trace Gas Enhancement Ratios

Wildfire Information, FRP statistics, TROPOMI ∆NO2/∆CO, and TROPOMI ∆HCHO/∆CO from "Analyzing the Impact of Evolving Combustion Conditions on the Composition of Wildfire Emissions Using Satellite Data"

Simulation data for Enhanced Diffusion through Multivalency

Simulation Monte Carlo data for manuscript Enhanced Diffusion through Multivalency

opencc-zeroOct 2023View details →

Tree species richness around urban red maples reduces pest abundance but does not enhance biological control

Urban trees often host greater insect pest abundance than trees in rural forests. This may be due, in part, to differences in tree diversity and canopy cover between these settings. Urban trees are often planted in isolation or monoculture, which favors pest accumulation. The gloomy scale, Melanaspis tenebricosa Comstock, is a pest of urban red maples (Acer rubrum L.) that is abundant where impervious surfaces dominate the local landscape. Increasing tree diversity and canopy cover around urban red maples may reduce gloomy scale abundance by supporting natural enemy communities. We investigated the effect that surrounding tree species richness and tree canopy cover had on gloomy scale abundance, natural enemy abundance, and biological control in red maple trees in Raleigh, NC, USA. We collected scales and natural enemies from red maples that spanned a gradient of tree species richness, canopy cover, and impervious surface values. We also measured gloomy scale parasitism and predation of sentinel prey in red maple canopies. Greater tree species richness and canopy cover were associated with lower gloomy scale density. Red maples in diverse settings also hosted fewer scales per natural enemy. Parasitoids were less common in maples in diverse settings, but generalist predator abundance was unaffected by tree diversity. Finally, tree species richness and canopy cover did not increase biological control of scales or sentinel prey. Our findings suggest that higher tree diversity and greater canopy cover may reduce gloomy scale density, but this is not entirely explained by the effects of natural enemies and biological control.

opencc-zeroOct 2023View details →

Grassland extensification enhances nest densities of ground-nesting wild bees

<ol> <li>Ground-nesting wild bees provide essential pollination services in agroecosystems, but they are jeopardized by intensive agricultural management. To mitigate such negative impacts, agri-environment schemes have been implemented. While the success of enhancing floral food resources is relatively well studied, the role of agri-environmental schemes in providing suitable nesting habitat remains underexplored.</li> <li>We studied the effectiveness of meadow extensification according to the Swiss agri-environment scheme in promoting nesting of ground-nesting bees. Using a paired design, we quantified their nests during four rounds (March-June) in pairs of nine randomly selected extensively (i.e. no fertilizer input, postponed first mowing) and nine intensively managed meadows with similar soil properties, slope, exposure and landscape context. Nest numbers and vegetation characteristics were surveyed in areas of 250 m2. Vegetation properties were also assessed in 0.5 m × 0.5 m plots around nest locations and randomly selected locations without nests within each meadow to assess their role as drivers of nesting incidence (nest presence/absence) at this plot scale.</li> <li>We found substantially higher nest numbers of ground-nesting bees in extensively (mean ± SE per sampling round = 46.8 ± 14.2) compared to intensively managed meadows (0.8 ± 0.3; no nests in three out of nine intensively managed meadows). Extensively managed meadows harboured nests of several dominant crop pollinator species, including aggregations of e.g. Lasioglossum malachurum contributing to high nest densities in some of them. Number of nests was negatively related to grass cover and vegetation height, which were lower in extensively compared to intensively managed meadows. Plot-level nesting incidence increased with bare ground and moss cover, and decreased with grass cover.</li> <li> Synthesis and applications. Our study shows that extensively managed meadows are better nesting habitats for ground-nesting bees than intensively managed meadows, if reduced management intensity is associated with altered vegetation characteristics such as reduced grass cover and vegetation height, and small-scale availability of bare ground, driving these effects. This highlights that maintaining and promoting extensive management of meadows can promote ground-nesting wild bees, including dominant crop pollinators, not only by enhancing floral resources but also by improving nesting opportunities in agroecosystems.</li> </ol>

opencc-zeroOct 2023View details →

Inhibitory silencing enhances encoding precision of neuronal ensembles

Neuronal ensembles are structured groups of coactive neurons associated with motor, sensory, and behavioral functions. However, how ensembles encode information remains unclear. To explore this, we investigated the responses of layer 2/3 visual cortical neurons in awake mice using two-photon volumetric calcium imaging during visual stimulation. We detected neuronal ensembles employing an unsupervised model-free algorithm. In response to visual stimuli, ensembles exhibited small trial-to-trial variability and high orientation selectivity. During an ensemble occurrence, besides neurons that were significantly activated by the stimulus, we also found neurons whose activity was significantly decreased in response. To distinguish between these two groups of neurons, we introduced the term "onsemble" for the significantly active neurons and "offsemble" for the silenced ones. Calcium decay kinetics in offsemble neurons significantly decreased during stimulus presentation, indicative of selective inhibition. Ensembles predicted visual stimulus orientation better than averaging the activity of individual onsemble or offsemble neurons. We conclude that the combined activation and inhibition of onsemble and offsemble neurons enhances visual encoding. Therefore, ensembles could be functional units representing information in cortical circuits, combining selectively activated and silenced neurons as an emergent and distributed neural code.

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2023View details →

Multimodal Fusion of Liquid Biopsy and CT Enhances Differential Diagnosis of Early-stage Lung Adenocarcinoma

This research explores the potential of multimodal fusion for the differential diagnosis of early-stage lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) (tumor sizes < 2 cm). It combines liquid biopsy biomarkers, specifically extracellular vesicle long RNA (evlRNA) and the computed tomography (CT) attributes.It includes 4 files:1. gene expression matrix : gene expression matrix for all samples (normalized read counts) .2. evlRNA Rad features: 6 image features, 17 evlRNA features and labels3. differentially expressed genes: Differentially expressed genes in LUAD patients compared with Benign individuals.4. raw data: raw data used to for figure and table.

opencc-byJan 2021View details →

Ablibates Petroglyph - Anthropomorph Enhanced

This one is a little hard to see, even with this enhanced version of the petroglyph. It's a human-like figure with arms out raised. [A image of the panel that shows there petroglyph better is here.](https://www.dropbox.com/s/yvl3r4r1nki82vb/Anthro1_Detailed.jpg?dl=0) [The unenhanced version is here.](https://skfb.ly/6XSMr) Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab