Find research datasets worth reusing
Search datasets from major research repositories and use ShareScore to quickly assess how well each record supports discovery, access, and reuse.
1,819
datasets available to search
ShareScore release 0.9.0
Dataset results
1,819 results for “Experimental data”
Data from: Experimental evidence for ecological selection on genome variation in the wild
Understanding natural selection's effect on genetic variation is a major goal in biology, but the genome-scale consequences of contemporary selection are not well known. In a release and recapture field experiment we transplanted stick insects to native and novel host plants and directly measured allele frequency changes within a generation at 186 576 genetic loci. We observed substantial, genome-wide allele frequency changes during the experiment, most of which could be attributed to random mortality (genetic drift). However, we also documented that selection affected multiple genetic loci distributed across the genome, particularly in transplants to the novel host. Host-associated selection affecting the genome acted on both a known colour-pattern trait as well as other (unmeasured) phenotypes. We also found evidence that selection associated with elevation affected genome variation, although our experiment was not designed to test this. Our results illustrate how genomic data can identify previously underappreciated ecological sources and phenotypic targets of selection.
Data from: Testing sex ratio theory with the malaria parasite Plasmodium mexicanum in natural and experimental infections
The malaria parasite (Plasmodium) life history accords well with the assumptions of Local Mate Competition (LMC) of sex ratio theory. Within a single meal of the blood-feeding vector, sexually dimorphic gametocyte cells produce gametes (females produce 1, males several) that mate and undergo sexual recombination. The theory posits several factors drive the Plasmodium sex ratio: male fecundity (gametes/ male gametocyte), number and relative abundance of parasite clones, and gametocyte density. We measured these traits for the lizard malaria parasite, P. mexicanum, with a large sample of natural infections and infections from experiments which manipulated clonal diversity. Sex ratio in single-clone infections was slightly female-biased, but matched predictions of theory for this low-fecundity species. Sex ratio was less female-biased in clonally diverse infections as predicted by LMC for the experimental, but not natural infections. Gametocyte density was not positively related to sex ratio. These results are explained by the P. mexicanum life history of naturally low clonal diversity and high gametocyte production. This is the first study of a natural malaria system that examines all traits relevant to LMC in individual vertebrate hosts and suggests a striking example of sex ratio theory having significance for human public health.
Data from: Contrasting effects of phylogenetic relatedness on plant invader success in experimental grassland communities
1. Identifying the factors determining the success of invasive species is critical for management of biological invasions. Darwin's naturalization conundrum states that exotic species closely related to natives should be successful because of a shared affinity for local environmental conditions, but at the same time close relatives often compete more intensively, limiting 'niche' opportunities for the invaders. Previous studies have generally considered these two 'opposing' hypotheses as mutually exclusive, yet evidence for both of them abounds, indicating a practical dilemma for management of biological invasions. 2. In this study, we sowed the seeds of the invasive exotic Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. into 369 experimental plant communities to mimic an introduction of the exotics into a series of new habitats. We further linked the establishment and growth performance of the invader in these experimental communities to the phylogenetic relatedness between the invader and the community residents where it was introduced. 3. We found that the probability of invader establishment declined with increasing phylogenetic distance between the invader and residents, whereas the average size of surviving invader individuals increased with the phylogenetic distance. 4. These results can be at least partly explained by the observations that close relatives tend to create similar soil microhabitat through harboring similar soil enzymes (e.g. alkaline and acid phosphatases) benefiting invader establishment, and that intense competitive interactions between the invader and its close relatives suppressed exotic growth. 5. Synthesis and applications. This study presents the first experimental evidence that phylogenetic relatedness has contrasting effects on different aspects of invader success, thus shedding light on the long-standing Darwin's naturalization conundrum. Moreover, our findings also have important implications for management of plant invasions: for controlling invasive species characterized by high establishment probability, native species distantly related to the invasive species can be planted in sites surrounding the invasion foci; whereas, the opposite seems to be true for controlling those characterized by large individual size.
Data from: The cost of being big: local competition, importance of dispersal and experimental evolution of reversal to unicellularity
Multicellularity provides multiple benefits. Nonetheless, unicellularity is ubiquitous and there have been multiple cases of evolutionary reversal to a unicellular organization. In this paper, we explore some of the costs of multicellularity as well as the possibility and dynamics of evolutionary reversals to unicellularity. We hypothesize that recently evolved multicellular organisms would face a high cost of increased competition for local resources in spatially structured environments because of larger size and increased cell densities. To test this hypothesis we conducted competition assays, computer simulations, and selection experiments using isolates of Saccharomyces cerevisiae that recently evolved multicellularity. In well-mixed environments, multicellular isolates had lower growth rates relative to their unicellular ancestor due to limitations of space and resource acquisition. In structured environments with localized resources, cells in both multicellular and unicellular isolates grew at a similar rate. Despite similar growth, higher local density of cells in multicellular groups led to increased competition and higher fitness costs in spatially structured environments. In structured environments all of the multicellular isolates rapidly evolved a predominantly unicellular life cycle, while in well-mixed environments reversal was more gradual. Taken together, these results suggest that a lack of dispersal, leading to higher local competition, might have been one of the main constraints in the evolution of early multicellular forms.
Data from: Experimental effects of early-life corticosterone on the HPA axis and pre-migratory behaviour in a wild songbird
1.Although laboratory studies have shown that chronic exposure to elevated glucocorticoids during development can have profound effects on the physiology and behaviour of animals, we still have a poor understanding of the proximate and ultimate consequences of early-life stress on individuals in the wild. 2. In an island population of Savannah sparrows (Passerculus sandwichensis), we examined multiple hypotheses to explain how elevated glucocorticoid exposure during the nestling period influenced both hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function during the nestling period and the subsequent movement and survival of young after they fledged the nest. 3. We exposed nestlings to exogenous corticosterone from 2-6 d of age and then measured both baseline and stress-induced (30 min restraint) plasma corticosterone levels prior to fledging (d 7). We then recaptured young throughout the pre-migratory period and used mark-recapture analysis to estimate temporary emigration from the capture site (movement) and survival. 4. Corticosterone-treated nestlings had higher baseline corticosterone levels and lower stress reactivity than untreated individuals, and were more sensitive to inclement weather. Although there was no evidence that corticosterone treatments influenced survival, treated individuals had higher rates of temporary emigration outside of the study site than sham or controls. 5. Our results provide support for the ceiling hypothesis, which suggests that individuals with chronic elevated glucocorticoids can lead to a dampened HPA axis response. We also provide support for the CORT-activity hypothesis, which suggests that elevated glucocorticoids can increase activity levels, at least 1-2 months after leaving the nest. Our study highlights the importance of tracking individuals across multiple stages of the annual cycle to understand how early life events carry-over to influence both physiology and behaviour.
Data from: An experimental test of whether pyrodiversity promotes mammal diversity in a northern Australian savanna
1. The increasing awareness that a fire regime that promotes biodiversity in one system can threaten biodiversity in another has resulted in a shift away from fire management based on vague notions of maximising pyrodiversity, towards determining the optimal fire regime based on the demonstrated requirements of target species. 2. We utilised a long-running, replicated fire experiment on Melville Island, the largest island off the northern Australian coast, to test the importance of pyrodiversity for native mammals in a northern Australian savanna landscape. We first developed statistical models to determine how native mammal abundance has responded to nine years of experimentally-manipulated fire frequency. Next, given each species' modelled response to fire frequency, we identified the level of pyrodiversity and optimal mix of fire frequencies that would be expected to maximise mammal diversity and abundance, and minimise extinction risk. This was done for both the entire mammal assemblage and for the mammal species currently declining on Melville Island. 3. Fire frequency was a significant predictor of abundance of the northern brown bandicoot (Isoodon macrourus), black-footed tree-rat (Mesembriomys gouldii), brush-tailed rabbit-rat (Conilurus penicillatus), grassland melomys (Melomys burtoni), pale field-rat (Rattus tunneyi), and mice/dunnarts but not for the common brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula). 4. The geometric mean abundance (GMA) of the entire mammal assemblage was positively associated with pyrodiversity, but peaked at an intermediate value. Hence, maximising pyrodiversity would reduce native mammal assemblage GMA below its potential maximum. The fire history for an area that maximised the entire native mammal assemblage GMA consisted of 57% long-unburnt, 43% triennially burnt and <1% annually burnt. Pyrodiversity did not reduce the extinction risk, nor increase the GMA of declining mammals above that predicted in areas entirely annually or triennially burnt. 5. Synthesis and applications: We demonstrate a useful approach with which to develop fire management strategies based on the demonstrated requirements of target species. By comparing the optimal fire regime identified for the conservation of threatened species and that identified for the entire mammal assemblage, we demonstrate the flexibility of this approach to tailor fire management to address specific management priorities in other fire-prone environments.
Data from: Experimental evidence that honeybees depress wild insect densities in a flowering crop
While addition of managed honeybees (Apis mellifera) improves pollination of many entomophilous crops, it is unknown if it simultaneously suppresses the densities of wild insects through competition. To investigate this, we added 624 honeybee hives to 23 fields of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) over 2 years and made sure that the areas around 21 other fields were free from honeybee hives. We demonstrate that honeybee addition depresses the densities of wild insects (bumblebees, solitary bees, hoverflies, marchflies, other flies, and other flying and flower-visiting insects) even in a massive flower resource such as oilseed rape. The effect was independent of the complexity of the surrounding landscape, but increased with the size of the crop field, which suggests that the effect was caused by spatial displacement of wild insects. Our results have potential implications both for the pollination of crops (if displacement of wild pollinators offsets benefits achieved by adding honeybees) and for conservation of wild insects (if displacement results in negative fitness consequences).
Data from: Mercury exposure, stress and prolactin secretion in an Arctic seabird: an experimental study
Life-history theory predicts that long-lived organisms should reduce parental effort under inclement environmental conditions in order to favour long-term survival. Seabirds are long-lived top predators often exposed to environmental endocrine disrupting chemicals such as mercury (Hg). Hg-contaminated birds show disrupted parental behaviour. Avian parental behaviour is governed by two key hormones in birds: corticosterone (CORT, a glucocorticoid hormone) and prolactin (PRL, a pituitary hormone involved in parental care). Any disruption of these hormones may alter the ability of an individual to adjust parental behaviour to environmental conditions. The first aim of this study was to describe the relationships between blood Hg concentrations, plasma PRL and reproductive performance in Arctic black-legged kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla). We a found negative relationship between plasma initial PRL and blood Hg concentrations in males. Moreover, Hg concentration was negatively related to breeding success in chick-rearing males. Secondly, to study the effect of a chronic increase in CORT levels on the Hg–PRL relationship, we experimentally increased stress with CORT pellet implantation. We predicted that Hg and CORT would act synergistically on PRL and an increase in CORT concentration would steepen the Hg–PRL relationship. However, adding CORT did not steepen the Hg–PRL relationship. Hatching success was significantly lower in CORT-implanted males than in controls, and breeding success was not reduced in CORT-implanted male kittiwakes with high levels of blood Hg. Our results suggest that Hg may impair reproductive performance through a disruption of PRL secretion. Contrary to our prediction, Hg and CORT did not act synergistically and the underlying mechanisms associating CORT and Hg with PRL might be more complex than a single interaction between two factors.
Data from: Ecological novelty by hybridization: experimental evidence for increased thermal tolerance by transgressive segregation in Tigriopus californicus
Early generations of hybrids can express both genetic incompatibilities and phenotypic novelty. Insights into whether these conflicting interactions between intrinsic and extrinsic selection persist after a few generations of recombination require experimental studies. To address this question, we use interpopulation crosses and recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of the copepod Tigriopus californicus, and focus on two traits that are relevant for the diversification of this species: survivorship during development and tolerance to thermal stress. Experimental crosses between two population pairs show that most RILs between two heat-tolerant populations show enhanced tolerance to temperatures that are lethal to the respective parentals, whereas RILs between a heat-tolerant and a heat-sensitive population are intermediate. Although interpopulation crosses are affected by intrinsic selection at early generational hybrids, most of the sampled F9 RILs have recovered fitness to the level of their parentals. Together, these results suggest that a few generations of recombination allows for an independent segregation of the genes underlying thermal tolerance and cytonuclear incompatibilities, permitting certain recombinant lineages to survive in niches previously unused by parental taxa (i.e., warmer thermal environments) without incurring intrinsic selection.
Data file for the paper "General Models for the Electrochemical Hydrogen Oxidation and Hydrogen Evolution Reactions – Theoretical Derivation and Experimental Results Under Near Mass-Transport Free Conditions", J. Phys Chem. C., 2016, DOI:10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b00011
<p>The data in this folder is supplementary information for the paper:<br /> Anthony Kucernak and Christopher Zalitis, "General Models for the Electrochemical Hydrogen Oxidation and Hydrogen Evolution Reactions – Theoretical Derivation and Experimental Results Under Near Mass-Transport Free Conditions", J. Phys Chem. C., 2016, DOI:10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b00011</p> <p>The information is © Anthony Kucernak</p> <p>A description of the models used in these files is provided in that paper. Below is a description of the files</p> <p>Experimental Data.xlsx - This file contains the experimental data used to produce figures 6 and 7 in the aforementioned paper<br /> Model.xlsx - This file contains verified versions of the Heyrovsky-Volmer, Tafel-Volmer and Heyrovsky-Tafel-Volmer mechanisms developed in the paper mentioned above. These excel spreadsheets may be used to fit experimental data user the Solver function in Excel.</p> <p>Heyrovsky-Tafel.cdf, Heyrovsky-Tafel-Volmer.cdf, Tafel-Volmer.cdf, Heyrovsky-Volmer.cdf - These are "computable document format" files produced using Wolfram Mathematica. They allow easy and quick modification of model parameters to allow real-time exploration of the effect of the parameters on current density (as linear and Tafel plots), hydrogen coverage, Effective Tafel slope, and derived parameters. The CDF viewer is availble to download from the Wolfram site - www.wolfram.com</p>
Dataset for the publication "Neutrophilic Bioleaching of Synthetic Covellite – A Model System Combining Experimental Data and Geochemical Modeling"
<p>This dataset contains data, which were used in preparation of the publication "Neutrophilic Bioleaching of Synthetic Covellite – A Model System Combining Experimental Data and Geochemical Modeling"</p>
Experimental data for the publication: "Probing the early stages of shock- induced chondritic meteorite formation at the mesoscale"
<p>In accordance with the expectations outlined in <em><strong>Clarifications of EPSRC expectations on research data management </strong></em>(09/10/14) this data has been made publicly available to complement the open access publication "Probing the early staged of chondritic meteorite formation at the mesoscale using single-bunch X-ray phase-contrast radiography at ESRF". </p> <p>There are three data sets. The folder entitled 'DarkFrames' contains the fitted median dark frame radiographs recorded on frames 1 and 2 of the camera. The folder entitled 'Flatfields' contains the mean flatfield radiographs recorded on frames 1 and 2 of the camera. The folder entitled 'Shots' contains the radiographs recorded on static and shock-compressed samples on frames 1 and 2 of the camera. </p>
Valence Evaluation With Approaching or Withdrawing Cues experimental data
<p>The material was participants' reaction time to valence judgement for emotional words after a approaching or withdrawing cue. The reaction time data was collected at East China Normal University in January 2016 funded by Humanities & Social Sciences Research Young Investigator Grant from Ministry of Education in China (16YJC190020). The data supports a publication in Cognition & Emotion entitled "Valence Evaluation With Approaching or Withdrawing Cues:Directly Testing Valence-Arousal Conflict Theory"</p>
EpiGraph 1.3 meteorological-based experimental data
<p>This file contains the complete data set of EpiGraph version 1.3.</p> <p>EpiGraph is a scalable, fully distributed simulator that is able to perform large scale stochastic and realistic simulations of the propagation of the flu virus. The current implementation of EpiGraph allows modeling the population via a realistic local interconnection network based on actual individual interactions extracted from social networks and demographic data. At inter-urban scale, we use a transportation model which allows the study of the spatial dynamics of the virus propagation over large geographical areas. EpiGraph also includes a model of the interaction between influenza spreading and climatic and meteorological factors, such as temperature, atmospheric pressure and humidity levels. From the computational perspective, EpiGraph is a network I/O bound application written in C language and implemented on MPI. Internally, EpiGraph performs irregular memory access patterns related to sparse matrices used to model the individual interactions.</p> <p>This distribution contains the meteorological-based experimental data used to run the experiments for the paper entitled <strong><em>Evaluating the impact of the weather conditions on the influenza propagation</em></strong></p> <p><br> In order to install this data set, you first need to install EpiGraph. You can download it from:</p> <p>https://gitlab.arcos.inf.uc3m.es:8380/desingh/EpiGraph</p> <p>Then, to install this package take the following steps:</p> <p>1.- Download the file and place it in EpiGraphHome directory.</p> <p>2.- Extract the tarbal in this directory. </p> <p> tar -zxvf EpiGraph.1.3.DataMeteo.tar.gz</p>
Propositional Resolution Proofs and Raw Data of Experimental Results
<p>This dataset contains propositional resolution proofs generated by the SMT-solver VeriT on problems of the Sat-Race 2010 and on other sat problems.</p> <p>The proofs were used to evaluate two proof compression algorithms: RecyclePivotsWithIntersection and LowerUnits. The experiments were performed in 2010--2011 and raw experimental results are included in the dataset.</p> <p>A paper about this was published in CADE 2011.</p>
Experimental data for KPPepGen
<p>All training data are obtained from publicly accessible resources. Gene Ontology annotations for peptides, available through the GO-basic file. Peptide data with GO relationship are sourced from the UniProtKB database. Antimicrobial peptide databases used include APD3, CAMP, DBAMP, DRAMP, SATPdb, YADAMP, and LAMP.</p> <p>The pre-processed GO/strain knowledge data and peptide sequence data utilized in our KPPepGen study, are available here.</p>
Heting Hong_All Data_Experimental Assessment of Material Resistance to Freshwater Biofouling
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data for Kinetic Effect of In Situ Water Adsorption during CO2 Hydrogenation: An Experimental Investigation
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Experimental Data for "Effect of Melt on Polycrystal Anelasticity"
<p>Experimental data for the manuscript titled "Effect of Melt on Polycrytal Anelasticity" by Yamauchi and Takei (submitted to JGR Solid Earth). Details are written in readme.pdf.</p>
Experimental and theoretical analysis of ultrafast electron diffraction (UED) data for acetylacetone
<p>Here, in two archives with data for ultrafast electron diffraction (UED) study of the acetylacetone.</p><ol><li><a href="https://zenodo.org/api/records/10206479/draft/files/AcAc_UED_theoretical.zip/content">AcAc_UED_theoretical.zip</a> contains the results of theoretical simulations.</li><li><a href="https://zenodo.org/api/records/10206479/draft/files/AcAc_UED_experimental.zip/content">AcAc_UED_experimental.zip</a> contains raw and processed experimental data and scripts for data processing.</li></ol><p>Within each of the ZIP archives, the README files provide information on the actual data content within. </p>
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.