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1,751 results for “Future”
Conspecific attraction for conservation and management of terrestrial breeding birds: current knowledge and future research directions
<p>Conspecific presence can indicate the location or quality of resources, and animals settling near conspecifics often gain fitness benefits. This can result in adaptive conspecific attraction during breeding habitat selection as demonstrated in numerous terrestrial, territorial birds. There is growing interest in using simulated conspecific social cues (e.g., decoys, broadcasted vocalizations) to manage bird distributions, yet it remains unclear when this approach is likely to succeed. We reviewed published studies to evaluate whether the strength of conspecific attraction in terrestrial birds is mediated by characteristics of species (life history traits), simulated cues (e.g., timing and duration), sites (e.g., quality), and how conspecific attraction was measured. We identified 31 experiments that simulated social cues and compared conspecific settlement between treatment and control sites. We then used phylogenetically controlled meta-regression to assess impacts of 19 moderators on settlement. Nearly all species included in these experiments were migratory passerines, and social cues generally had a strong, positive influence on their settlement decisions, as the odds of site occupancy were 3.12× (95% CI = 0.81, 11.69) greater in treatment sites relative to control sites. Within this group, conspecific attraction was evolutionarily conserved with ≥ 25.5% (CI = 5.1%, 65.4%) of the variance in treatment effects explained by phylogenetic relatedness. However, we found no evidence that any covariates influenced the response to social cues, and we posit this stems from limited research specifically designed to identify the mechanisms mediating conspecific attraction. We therefore developed a research agenda that provides a framework for testing mechanistic hypotheses regarding how cue characteristics, species traits, and spatial contexts may mediate attraction to conspecifics. Evaluating these hypotheses will greatly advance the field by helping managers understand when, where, and why simulating social cues can be used to enhance populations of species that are of conservation concern.</p>
From Microorganisms to Biosignatures: Subcritical Water Extraction as a Sample Preparation Technique for Future Life Detection Missions
<p>Data for all figures included in "From Microorganisms to Biosignatures: Subcritical Water Extraction as a Sample Preparation Technique for Future Life Detection Missions". Amino acid concentrations, enantiomeric excesses, and relative distributions for E. coli cells and B. subtilis spores after subcritical water extraction for 30 min at 200 °C using water and dilute acid.</p>
Input data for the Resources for the Future Socioeconomic Projections (RFF-SPs)
<p>This repository contains large input data files for generating the RFF-SPs, and small accompanying files with data necessary for interpreting the larger files.</p> <p>--------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br> /MSW_GDP/<br> --------------------------------------------------------------------------------</p> <p>-MSW.mat is a MATLAB data file based on Müller, Stock, and Watson (forthcoming) containing two series:<br> 1) Year-by-sample draws "F-paths" representing frontier values of ln(GDP/capita) for the OECD, and <br> 2) Year-by-country-by-sample deviations from those F-paths, denoted as the U-path.</p> <p>A country's ln(GDP/capita) is equal to the sum of the sample's F-path and the country-sample's U-path. There are 418 years representing 1900-2317, 113 countries with names in country_names.txt, and 2000 sample trajectories. GDP/capita is measured in 2011$.</p> <p>-country_names.txt contain iso codes for the 113 countries in the order in which they appear in MSW.mat's U-path object. OECD countries are indicated with an "x" for reference.</p> <p>This information was transmitted via email from Ulrich Mueller (Princeton) to Kevin Rennert (RFF) on January 28, 2020, with a link to the file on Mueller's website at http://www.princeton.edu/~umueller/matlabJan2020.mat.</p> <p>--------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br> /Raftery population/<br> --------------------------------------------------------------------------------</p> <p>-pop_trajectories_probmig.csv contains country-by-year-by-sample (here, a sample is labelled a "Trajectory") population estimates based on Raftery and Ševčíková (2021). Population is in units of thousands of people, with 1000 samples. This data was transmitted via email by Hana Sevcikova (University of Washington) to Kevin Rennert (RFF) on August 11, 2021.</p> <p>-death_rates.csv contains country-by-year-by-sample death rates in units of annual deaths per one thousand people, with 1000 samples corresponding to the sample order of samples in pop_trajectories_probmig.csv. This data was transmitted via email by Hana Sevcikova (University of Washington) to Kevin Rennert (RFF) on October 7, 2021.</p> <p>-iso_key.csv contains a key mapping ISO alpha-3 country codes ("ISO3") to ISO numeric-3 country codes (denoted "NumericCode" in this file and "LocID" in pop_trajectories_probmig.csv). This data was acquired from a search on https://www.iso.org/obp/ui#search in 2021. The "country codes" box was checked and no keywords were used. The list was trimmed to the 184 countries included in the current version of the GIVE model.</p> <p>--------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br> Information<br> --------------------------------------------------------------------------------</p> <p>The probabilistic economic and emissions projections are from Müller, Stock, and Watson (forthcoming). </p> <p>The probabilistic population projections were produced by Adrian E. Raftery and Hana Ševčíková (University of Washington), using the methods described by Raftery and Ševčíková (2021). Please cite this reference in any publications using these projections. Their research was supported by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) under NIH grant number R01 HD-070936. </p> <p>--------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br> References <br> --------------------------------------------------------------------------------</p> <p>Müller, U.K, Stock, J.H., and Watson, M.W. (forthcoming). An Econometric Model of International Growth Dynamics for Long-Horizon Forecasting. The Review of Economics and Statistics, available online 30 October 2020. URL: https://direct.mit.edu/rest/article-abstract/doi/10.1162/rest_a_00997/97738/An-Econometric-Model-of-International-Growth </p> <p>Raftery, A.E. and Ševčíková, H. (2021). Probabilistic population forecasting: Short to very long-term. International Journal of Forecasting, available online 7 October 2021. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169207021001394 </p>
Dataset for the paper "VANETs' research overview updated: past, present and future"
<p>These two files contain a form and a dataset, both related to the paper "VANETs’ research overview updated: past, present and future", which was submitted for publication in the <strong>JOURNAL OF BRAZILIAN COMPUTER SOCIETY</strong> ----- by José Anderson Rodrigues de Souza et al., 2023.</p>
Simulation results for "Future bioenergy expansion could alter carbon sequestration potential and exacerbate water stress in the United States"
<p>This dataset is the CTSM simulation results for the paper entitled "Future bioenergy expansion could alter carbon sequestration potential and exacerbate water stress in the United States" that published in Science Advances.</p>
Data from: Botany is the root and the future of invasion biology
<p>This dataset was used to create Figure 1 within the linked <em>On the Nature of Things</em> article. The article describes how botanists have historically contributed to the field of invasion biology and why botanists should be an important contributor in the coming years. To make this point, we compared the relative frequencies of google ngrams containing the words 'invasive species', 'invasive plants', or the sum of frequencies from several different animal taxa including: 'invasive insects', 'invasive animals', 'invasive fish', 'invasive birds', 'invasive amphibians', and 'invasive mammals' from 1958-2019. We also evaluated similar searches that used the words 'exotic', 'foreign' or 'weed' in the place of 'invasive'. This dataset contains the results of these searches with each row representing a separate year and with each column representing a separate search term. Our findings from this dataset support our conclusion that plants have been important model systems in invasion biology as they are the most highly cited the taxonomic group in our search. Results were similar when using 'exotic', 'foreign', but were an order of magnitude higher when using 'weed' as this term is widely used in the public vernacular outside of the research community. This dataset may be of use to anyone interested in the history of invasion biology.</p>
Supplemental Data for Dyreson et al. 2021, Earth's Future
<pre>Supplemental Data for Dyreson et al. 2021, Earth's Future Publication Title: The Role of Regional Connections in Planning for Future Power System Operations under Climate Extremes Abstract: Extreme climate events can negatively impact power system operations. Identifying the sensitivity of a power system to climate extremes must consider future infrastructure changes. We investigate the sensitivity of a historic Western U.S. power system (5% variable renewable penetration of energy) and a future system (31%) to compound drought and heat wave events. We use an electricity operational model combined with a model of historically extreme drought (for hydropower and freshwater-reliant thermoelectric generators) over the Western U.S. and a synthetic, regionally extreme heat event focused on Southern California (for thermoelectric generators and electricity load). We find that drought has the highest impact on summertime production cost (+10 to +12%), while temperature-based deratings have minimal effect (at most +1%). The heat wave scenario impacting load increases the summertime regional net imports to that region by 10 to 14%, while the drought decreases them by 5 to 12%. Combined heat and drought conditions have a moderate effect on imports to Southern California (-2%) in the historic system and a stronger effect (+8%) in the future system. Southern California dependence on other regions decreases in the summertime with the moderate increase in variable renewable energy (-34% imports), but hourly peak regional imports are maintained under those infrastructure changes. Using a novel method that combines synthetic and historically-driven conditions to test multiple infrastructures, we consolidate the importance of considering compounded heat wave and drought in planning studies and show that region-to-region energy transfers during peak periods are key to optimal operations under climate extremes. Dataset Summary: There are four categories of input files: 1) Water-constrainted generation capacity and monthly energy targets for production cost modeling (PNNL) 2) Temperature and precipitation results from 100 simulations [Temerature_precip_simulations] 3) Derating inputs [Derating_inputs]: dry bulb and wet bulb temperature based on four selected simulations and county design point temperature for thermoelectric generation 4) Load inputs [Load_inputs]: hourly county electricity demand temperature sensitivites (slopes), hourly county electricity demand for ten scenarios (baseline year + four simulated years for low VG and moderate VG infrastructures; moderate VG infrastrcutures also incorporate load growth) As well as the output files for bulk electricity grid operations as simulated by production cost model in a historical and future infrastructure informed by a combination of drought and heat scenarios. Each data set described in detail in each read me file.</pre>
Soil Erosion on United States. Present and Future (2020-2050)
<p>Brought on by anthropogenic actions, accelerated soil erosion inflicts extreme changes in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. These field-scale (30 m) changes have neither been fully surveyed in the present, nor predicted for a probable future. Water-driven soil erosion (<em>i.e</em>., sheet and rill erosion) rates across the contiguous United States were estimated for the present, and then predicted for the future using three alternative Shared Socioeconomic Pathway and Representative Concentration Pathway (SSP-RCP) scenarios (2.6, 4.5, and 8.5) of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6). The G2 erosion model which is integrated with Machine Learning (ML) and Remote Sensing (RS) techniques were used to estimate soil erosion based on gauge observations of long-term precipitation, and climate and land use land cover (LULC) scenarios. The baseline model (2020) estimated soil erosion rates of 2.32 Mg ha<sup>−1</sup> yr<sup>−1</sup> under current conservation agriculture practices (CPs). Maintaining current CPs, future scenarios predict an 8 % to 21 % increase in soil erosion under different combinations of SSP-RCP climate and LULC change scenarios. The findings of this study can help policy makers for future conservation planning on maintaining soil fertility, mitigating environmental impacts, and promoting food security.</p> <p> </p> <p>This reprository provide the soil erosion maps for united states in present and future.</p>
Tropical and Subtropical Pacific Sources of the Asymmetric El Niño La Niña Decay and their Future Changes
<p>The model data output supporting the figures shown in the manuscript.</p> <p>For further details, please see</p> <p>Jiepeng Chen, Jin-Yi Yu, Sheng Chen, Xin Wang, Ziniu Xiao, Shih-Wei Fang (2022). Tropical and Subtropical Pacific Sources of the Asymmetric El Niño La Niña Decay and their Future Changes. Accepted at Geophysical Research Letters.</p>
Figure 9 in A first comprehensive ecological approach on the highly endemic mygalomorph spider Mecicobothrium thorelli (Araneae: Mecicobothriidae): understanding life history traits to address future conservation issues
Figure 9. Percentage of Mecicobothrium thorelli individuals in each category on the surveyed dates. YJ: young juveniles; OJ: old juveniles; F: females; M: males.
Figure 6 in A first comprehensive ecological approach on the highly endemic mygalomorph spider Mecicobothrium thorelli (Araneae: Mecicobothriidae): understanding life history traits to address future conservation issues
Figure 6. (a) Proportion of juvenile and adult individuals found in small (<35 cm) and large refuges (> 35 cm). (b) Selectivity of Mecicobothrium thorelli for different sizes of refuges. Values above 1, equal to 1, and below 1 indicate positive selectivity, no selectivity, and negative selectivity, respectively.
Figure 5 in A first comprehensive ecological approach on the highly endemic mygalomorph spider Mecicobothrium thorelli (Araneae: Mecicobothriidae): understanding life history traits to address future conservation issues
Figure 5. Individuals' mean temperature, substrate and refuges where they were found on the surveyed dates.
Figure 4 in A first comprehensive ecological approach on the highly endemic mygalomorph spider Mecicobothrium thorelli (Araneae: Mecicobothriidae): understanding life history traits to address future conservation issues
Figure 4. Environmental temperature (°C) and relative humidity (RH%) registered at the four levels in the study site.
Figure 7 in A first comprehensive ecological approach on the highly endemic mygalomorph spider Mecicobothrium thorelli (Araneae: Mecicobothriidae): understanding life history traits to address future conservation issues
Figure 7. Total number of individuals of the different categories. YJ: young juveniles; OJ: old juveniles; F: females; M: males.
Figure 3 in A first comprehensive ecological approach on the highly endemic mygalomorph spider Mecicobothrium thorelli (Araneae: Mecicobothriidae): understanding life history traits to address future conservation issues
Figure 3. (a) Individual of Mecicobothrium thorelli (yellow arrow) in a refuge found under a rock. (b) Photographic record of an individual of Mecicobthruim thorelli on the acrylic device with calibrated paper.
Data from: Changes in waterfowl migration phenologies in central North America: implications for future waterfowl conservation
<p>Globally, migration phenologies of numerous avian species have shifted over the past half-century. Despite North American waterfowl being well researched, published data on shifts in waterfowl migration phenologies remain scarce. Understanding shifts in waterfowl migration phenologies along with potential drivers is critical for guiding future conservation efforts. Therefore, we utilized historical (1955–2008) nonbreeding waterfowl survey data collected at 21 National Wildlife Refuges in the mid- to lower portion of the Central Flyway to summarize changes in spring and autumn migration phenology. We examined changes in the timing of peak abundance from survey data at monthly intervals for each refuge and species (or species group; n = 22) by year and site-specific temperature for spring (Jan–Mar) and autumn (Oct–Dec) migration periods. For spring (n = 187) and autumn (n = 194) data sets, 13% and 9% exhibited statistically significant changes in the timing of peak migration across years, respectively, while the corresponding numbers for increasing temperatures were 4% and 9%. During spring migration, ≥80% of significant changes in the timing of spring peak indicated advancements, while 67% of significant changes in autumn peak timing indicated delays both across years and with increasing temperatures. Four refuges showed a consistent pattern across species of advancing spring migration peaks over time. Advancements in spring peak across years became proportionally less common among species with increasing latitude, while delays in autumn peak with increasing temperature became proportionally more common. Our study represents the first comprehensive summary of changes in spring and autumn migration phenology for Central Flyway waterfowl and demonstrates significant phenological changes during the latter part of the twentieth century.</p>
Forest land under different scenarios of future global change
<p>Forest loss is one of the most threats to biodiversity, forested lands drive a key role in the climate earth system that also affects species diversity and ecosystem services (Vale et al. 2021). Therefore, several initiatives had been driven to map land-use time series, mainly projections into the future (Chen et al. 2020 and reference therein). The availability of those products is valuable for earth science, ecology, conservation, and other research fields once land-use land-cover data are important predictors of species occurrence and biodiversity threat (Ruiz-Benito et al. 2020., Valet et al. 2021) </p> <p>A recent land-use product called <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41597-020-00669-x">GCAM-Demeter</a> presents the highest global spatial resolution (0.05 º) until now (Chen et al. 2020). It provided current and future projections (2015-2100) under different scenarios of climate change (Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) and Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) ) and according to the most recent framework of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6). The data in each year include grid-explicit fraction (in percent) of each of the 32 plant functional types (PFTs) that are widely used in current Earth system models. The complete dataset is available in five General Circulation Models (GCMs): gfdl, hadgem, ipsl, miroc, and noresm. Also includes the mean and standard deviation of those GCMs (Chen et al. 2020).</p> <p>Although the valuable contribution of the GCAM-Demeter to provide those data, it is compressed in NetCDF format, a complex file format that needs management to become usable in several analyses, especially in ecology and biodiversity analyses (Vale et al., 2021 and reference therein). Here I managed the outputs of the mean of five GCMs (harmonized projection) based on the sum analysis of plant functional types considering:</p> <p>1- Global Extent at 0.05-degree resolution </p> <p>2- Years 2020, 2030 and 2050</p> <p>3- SSPs and RCP as follow: SSP1_RCP2, SSP2_RCP45, SSP4_RCP6, SSP5_RCP85</p> <p>The goals are to assess quantitatively the forest lands under different scenarios of global change and make these data available in the Tag Image File Format (TIFF) which is a more friendly and useable format to incorporate in several spatial analyses, mainly in ecology and biodiversity studies for conservation purposes.</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong></p> <p>I downloaded the GCAM-Demeter NetCDF files (the outputs of the mean of five GCMs and the first version, i.e the harmonized projection) freely available at <a href="https://release.datahub.pnnl.gov/released_data/1190">DataHub</a> (Chean et al. 2020). I selected, extracted, and performed the sum analysis of plant functional types (codes PTF1 to PTF11- described in README attached) considering:</p> <p>1- Global Extent at 0.05-degree resolution </p> <p>2- Years 2020, 2030 and 2050</p> <p>3- SSPs and RCP as follow: SSP1_RCP2, SSP2_RCP45, SSP4_RCP6, SSP5_RCP85</p> <p>The data manipulation and analysis were done using ncdf4 and raster packages in the R environment (R Core Team 2020, Pierce 2019; Hijmans et al. 2020). The outputs range from 0 to 100 and can be identified by their file name, for example: 2020_SSP5_RCP85_Forest_GCAM-Demeter_GCMsMean_Harmonized.tif . Also, outputs are provided in the Tag Image File Format (TIFF) which is a more friendly and useable format (Vale et al. 2021 and references therein). The methods and the quantitative results for forested areas are detailed better in the <a href="https://github.com/Tai-Rocha/Forest_Scenarios.github.io">GitHub repository</a> .</p> <p><strong>Acknowledgments</strong>.</p> <p>This initiative was possible due to the high-quality data maintained and made publicly available by GCAM-Demeter authors. Also, the study was developed within the scope of the Earth System Modeling Program funded by CAPES (Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel - Grant No. 88887.373031/2019-00) </p> <p> </p> <p><strong>References</strong></p> <p>Chen, M., Vernon, C. R., Graham, N. T., Hejazi, M., Huang, M., Cheng, Y., & Calvin, K. (2020). Global land use for 2015–2100 at 0.05 resolution under diverse socioeconomic and climate scenarios. <em>Scientific Data</em>, <em>7</em>(1), 1-11. </p> <p>Hijmans, R. J. (2020). raster: Geographic Data Analysis and Modeling (R package version 3.3-13)[Computer software]. <em>Retrieved form https://CRAN. R-project. org/package= raster</em>.</p> <p>Pierce, D. (2019). ncdf4: Interface to Unidata netCDF (Version 4 or earlier) Format Data Files. R package version 1.16.</p> <p>Ruiz-Benito P, Vacchiano G, Lines ER, Reyer CP, Ratcliffe S, Morin X, Hartig F, Mäkelä A, Yousefpour R, Chaves JE, Palacios-Orueta A. Available and missing data to model impact of climate change on European forests. Ecological Modelling. 2020 Jan 15;416:108870.</p> <p>Team, R. C. (2020). R: A language and environment for statistical computing.</p> <p>Vale, M. M., Lima-Ribeiro, M. S., & Rocha, T. C. (2021). GLOBAL LAND-SE AND LAND-COVER DATA: HISTORICAL, CURRENT AND FUTURE SCENARIOS. Biodiversity Informatics, 16, 2021, pp. 28-38.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Distribution. Discontinuous and limited to wetland environments in the Congo Basin N and W of the range of the Zambezi Sitatunga in S Benin (Porto Novo), S Nigeria, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Republic of the Congo, N DR Congo; also several isolated populations in W Africa (Senegal, Gambia & Guinea-Bissau), NE Nigeria and W Chad, and perhaps extreme S Ghana. Maps and distributional information here are provisional pending future research. in Bovidae
Distribution. Discontinuous and limited to wetland environments in the Congo Basin N and W of the range of the Zambezi Sitatunga in S Benin (Porto Novo), S Nigeria, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Republic of the Congo, N DR Congo; also several isolated populations in W Africa (Senegal, Gambia & Guinea-Bissau), NE Nigeria and W Chad, and perhaps extreme S Ghana. Maps and distributional information here are provisional pending future research.
Distribution. Discontinuous and limited to wetland environments in SE Sudan, perhaps the Rift Valley of Ethiopia, W Kenya surrounding Lake Victoria (two locations, very rare), Uganda, Burundi, Rwanda, NW Tanzania, and NE DR Congo. Maps and distributional information here are provisional pending future research. in Bovidae
Distribution. Discontinuous and limited to wetland environments in SE Sudan, perhaps the Rift Valley of Ethiopia, W Kenya surrounding Lake Victoria (two locations, very rare), Uganda, Burundi, Rwanda, NW Tanzania, and NE DR Congo. Maps and distributional information here are provisional pending future research.
Distribution. Discontinuous and limited to wetland environments in two areas of S Sudan: small swamps in SW Sudan near the DR Congo border, where the type specimen was collected, and the Sudd Swamps (Bahr-el-Ghazal) of the upper White Nile. Maps and distributional information here are provisional pending future research. in Bovidae
Distribution. Discontinuous and limited to wetland environments in two areas of S Sudan: small swamps in SW Sudan near the DR Congo border, where the type specimen was collected, and the Sudd Swamps (Bahr-el-Ghazal) of the upper White Nile. Maps and distributional information here are provisional pending future research.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.