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Fig. 53. Hoplopleura murinus, female. A in Systematic Review of Endemic Sulawesi Squirrels (Rodentia, Sciuridae), with Descriptions of New Species of Associated Sucking Lice (Insecta, Anoplura), and Phylogenetic and Zoogeographic Assessments of Sciurid Lice
Fig. 53. Hoplopleura murinus, female. A, dorsoventral view; B, thoracic sternal plate; C, paratergal plates; D, genitalia.
Fig. 44. A in Systematic Review of Endemic Sulawesi Squirrels (Rodentia, Sciuridae), with Descriptions of New Species of Associated Sucking Lice (Insecta, Anoplura), and Phylogenetic and Zoogeographic Assessments of Sciurid Lice
Fig. 44. A closer look at the squirrel shown in figure 43, just as it was fleeing the confines of the cage.
Fig. 42 in Systematic Review of Endemic Sulawesi Squirrels (Rodentia, Sciuridae), with Descriptions of New Species of Associated Sucking Lice (Insecta, Anoplura), and Phylogenetic and Zoogeographic Assessments of Sciurid Lice
Fig. 42. Habitat of Hyosciurus heinrichi in upper montane forest on Gunung Nokilalaki, 2256 m. Traps set on top and beneath the rotting log in foreground took examples of H. heinrichi, which is common on the summit and upper slopes in this mossy, wet and cold forest. Photographed in 1975.
Fig. 48. Hoplopleura leucomus, female. A in Systematic Review of Endemic Sulawesi Squirrels (Rodentia, Sciuridae), with Descriptions of New Species of Associated Sucking Lice (Insecta, Anoplura), and Phylogenetic and Zoogeographic Assessments of Sciurid Lice
Fig. 48. Hoplopleura leucomus, female. A, dorsoventral view; B, thoracic sternal plate; C, D, paratergal plates showing slight variation between specimens from two geographic regions (C is from the holotype louse from Labuan Sore in Central Sulawesi, D is from a louse specimen from Rurukan in north Sulawesi); E, genitalia.
Fig. 38 in Systematic Review of Endemic Sulawesi Squirrels (Rodentia, Sciuridae), with Descriptions of New Species of Associated Sucking Lice (Insecta, Anoplura), and Phylogenetic and Zoogeographic Assessments of Sciurid Lice
Fig. 38. Specimen scores representing population samples of Hyosciurus heinrichi (filled circle, Gunung Kanino and Gunung Nokilalaki; N 5 35) and H. ileile (filled triangle, Sungai Sadaunta, Gunung Kanino, and Sungai Tolewonu; N 5 11) projected onto the first and second principal components extracted from principal-components analysis. Each ellipse outlines 95% confidence limits for specimen scores of each cluster. Equations for the regression lines are: H. ileile, Y 5 20.121X+0.095 (F 5 3.20, P 5,0.10); H. heinrichi, Y 5 20.213X20.033 (F 5 18.96, P 5,0.001). The regression lines of the second principal component on the first are unambiguously distinct: their Y-intercepts are significantly different (+0.095 versus 20.033; F 5 15.38, P 5,0.001), but not their slopes (20.121 versus 20.213; F 5 1.16, P 5 0.288). The distribution of scores along the first axis is strongly influenced by length of tail, and the single point for H. ileile and the two for H. heinrichi situated far to the left of the main clouds of scores represent specimens with the shortest tails in the samples; the tails are naturally short, not damaged in traps or mangled by a predator and subsequently healed. Data were derived only from specimens captured and measured by Musser. See table 46 for correlations and percent variance.
Fig. 31 in Systematic Review of Endemic Sulawesi Squirrels (Rodentia, Sciuridae), with Descriptions of New Species of Associated Sucking Lice (Insecta, Anoplura), and Phylogenetic and Zoogeographic Assessments of Sciurid Lice
Fig. 31. Specimen scores representing Prosciurillus murinus (filled circle; N 5 57) and P. abstrusus (filled triangle; N 5 14) projected onto the first and second principal components extracted from principalcomponents analysis. Arrow identifies holotype of abstrusus. See table 39 for correlations and percent variance.
Fig. 29. Subfossil fragment from a in Systematic Review of Endemic Sulawesi Squirrels (Rodentia, Sciuridae), with Descriptions of New Species of Associated Sucking Lice (Insecta, Anoplura), and Phylogenetic and Zoogeographic Assessments of Sciurid Lice
Fig. 29. Subfossil fragment from a right dentary of Prosciurillus sp. (AMNH 269955) from Ulu Leang I, a cave about 40 km northeast of Ujung Pandang in the Maros region near the tip of Sulawesi's southwestern peninsula. Size of the fragment fits with dentaries typical of species in the Prosciurillus leucomus group, which in this figure is represented by P. alstoni (bottom labial and lingual views, AMNH 101331) from Wawo in the southeastern peninsula (see gazetteer and fig. 11 for Prosciurillus sp. and P. alstoni), and not the smaller-bodied P. murinus (top set, AMNH 101388), represented here by a sample from Lombasang on the flank of Gunung Lompobatang, east of the Maros region on the southwestern peninsula (see gazetteer and map in fig. 30 for P. murinus). All views are X2. Additional information is presented in the text and table 33.
Fig. 3 in Systematic Review of Endemic Sulawesi Squirrels (Rodentia, Sciuridae), with Descriptions of New Species of Associated Sucking Lice (Insecta, Anoplura), and Phylogenetic and Zoogeographic Assessments of Sciurid Lice
Fig. 3. The northern portion of Sulawesi's central core showing the two regions where Musser worked, the Danau Lindu (left dashed square) and Malakosa (right dashed square) areas. Three of H.C. Raven's sites where he collected squirrels are also on the map: Gunung Lehio, southwest of Kulawi; Pinedapa, west of Mapane; Rano Rano, in the mountains west of Pinedapa. Enlargement of the Danau Lindu area is shown in figure 4 on the opposite page. Figure 17 shows an enlargement of the Malakosa area.
Fig. 17 in Systematic Review of Endemic Sulawesi Squirrels (Rodentia, Sciuridae), with Descriptions of New Species of Associated Sucking Lice (Insecta, Anoplura), and Phylogenetic and Zoogeographic Assessments of Sciurid Lice
Fig. 17. The region south of Malakosa in Sulawesi's central core, which shows Musser's two lowland camps (Kuala Navusu, Sungai Tolewonu) in lowland tropical evergreen rain forest (see the map in fig. 3 for geographic orientation within the geographically broader northern portion of the central core). Rubrisciurus rubriventer, Prosciurillus alstoni, and P. murinus were common in this region; Hyosciurus ileile also occurs here but was infrequently encountered. We designated Kuala Navusu as the type locality of Prosciurillus alstoni.
Fig. 6 in Systematic Review of Endemic Sulawesi Squirrels (Rodentia, Sciuridae), with Descriptions of New Species of Associated Sucking Lice (Insecta, Anoplura), and Phylogenetic and Zoogeographic Assessments of Sciurid Lice
Fig. 6. Views of skull and dentary of an adult male Rubrisciurus rubriventer (AMNH 226053) from Kuala Navusu (30 m) in the central core of Sulawesi. Occipitonasal length 5 67.4 mm.
Fig. 9 in Systematic Review of Endemic Sulawesi Squirrels (Rodentia, Sciuridae), with Descriptions of New Species of Associated Sucking Lice (Insecta, Anoplura), and Phylogenetic and Zoogeographic Assessments of Sciurid Lice
Fig. 9. Reproduction of Meyer's (1896) color plate showing ''Sciurus leucomus'' (5 Prosciurillus leucomus) at the top, ''Sciurus tonkeanus'' (5 Prosciurillus alstoni) in the center, ''Sciurus rosenbergii'' (5 Prosciurillus rosenbergii) on the bottom right and ''Sciurus tingahi'' (also 5 Prosciurillus rosenbergii) at bottom left.
Fig. 8 in Systematic Review of Endemic Sulawesi Squirrels (Rodentia, Sciuridae), with Descriptions of New Species of Associated Sucking Lice (Insecta, Anoplura), and Phylogenetic and Zoogeographic Assessments of Sciurid Lice
Fig. 8. Habitat of Rubrisciurus rubriventer in tropical lowland evergreen rain forest at Kuala Navusu, 150 m. Two other species of tree squirrels live in the same forests: Prosciurillus alstoni prefers the upper canopy layer, and P. murinus forages through the understory trees. All three species were caught in traps set on top of tree trunks bridging streams, much like the trunk lying across the stream in the photograph. See table 2 for range of ambient temperatures recorded during the trapping period. Photographed in 1975.
Fig. 5 in Systematic Review of Endemic Sulawesi Squirrels (Rodentia, Sciuridae), with Descriptions of New Species of Associated Sucking Lice (Insecta, Anoplura), and Phylogenetic and Zoogeographic Assessments of Sciurid Lice
Fig. 5. Collection localities for samples of Rubrisciurus rubriventer. Numbers key to localities described in the gazetteer where specimens are also identified by museum initials and catalog numbers. The inset map, right (rectangle on larger map, above), contains collection sites (10–21) scattered along Musser's transect from the Sungai Oha Kecil to the slopes of Gunung Kanino. The dashed contour line at 1300 m marks the approximate boundary between tropical lowland evergreen rain forest and tropical lower montane forest.
Figure 1 in Unusual finding of chewing louse Quadraceps cf. junceus (Scopoli, 1763) (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera) on Nathusius pipistrelle Pipistrellus nathusii (Keyserling & Blasius, 1839) (Mammalia: Chiroptera) with review of findings of lice reported from bats
Figure 1. Quadraceps cf. junceus: A. Habitus. B. Detail of head, thorax and abdominal segments II–IV. Scale bar 500 µm. Differential diagnosis (according to Gustafsson et al. 2018): pale and slender species; antero-median indentations (AMI) of tergopleurites II–V slender, all longer than half of tergopleurite length.
Flower flies and bee lice (myspecies): Resource (147) DwCA
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Fig. 2 A in Evolutionary pattern of the forewing shape in the Neotropical genus of jumping plant-lice (Hemiptera: Psylloidea: Russelliana)
Fig. 2 A forewing of Russelliana magellanica with the 19 landmarks used to characterize its shape
Data from: Evolution of virulence under intensive farming: salmon lice increase skin lesions and reduce host growth in salmon farms
Parasites rely on resources from a host and are selected to achieve an optimal combination of transmission and virulence. Human-induced changes in parasite ecology, such as intensive farming of hosts, might not only favor increased parasite abundances, but also alter the selection acting on parasites and lead to life history evolution. The trade-off between transmission and virulence could be affected by intensive farming practices such as high host density and the use of anti-parasitic drugs, which might lead to increased virulence in some host-parasite systems. To test this we therefore infected Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts with salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) sampled either from wild or farmed hosts in a laboratory experiment. We compared growth and skin damage (i.e. proxies for virulence) of hosts infected with either wild or farmed lice and found that, compared to lice sampled from wild hosts in unfarmed areas, those originating from farmed fish were more harmful; they inflicted more skin damage to their hosts and reduced relative host weight gain to a greater extent. We advocate that more evolutionary studies should be done using farmed animals as study species, given the current increase in intensive food production practices that might be compared to a global experiment in parasite evolution.
FIGURES 14–15 in New species of ischnoceran chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) from Chinese birds
FIGURES 14–15. Male genitalia of Goniocotes rolandi new species. 14, dorsal view. 15, ventral view.
FIGURE 11 in <strong>An annotated checklist of parasitic lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera) from the Galápagos Islands</strong>
FIGURE 11. Perineus oblongus Kéler, 1957. A: male. B: female (Host: Phoebastria irrorata).
FIGURE 7. Brueelia chelydensis Hopkins 1951. A in <strong>An annotated checklist of parasitic lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera) from the Galápagos Islands</strong>
FIGURE 7. Brueelia chelydensis Hopkins 1951. A: male. B: female (Host: Geospiza conirostris).
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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