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4,753 results for “SHAPE”
Data from: Ovarian cycling and reproductive state shape the vaginal microbiota in wild baboons
Background: The vaginal microbiome is an important site of bacterial-mammalian symbiosis. This symbiosis is currently best characterized for humans, where lactobacilli dominate the microbial community and may help defend women against infectious disease. However, lactobacilli do not dominate the vaginal microbiota of any other mammal studied to date, raising key questions about the forces that shape the vaginal microbiome in non-human mammals. Results: We used Illumina sequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene to investigate variation in the taxonomic composition of the vaginal microbiota in 48 baboons (Papio cynocephalus), members of a well-studied wild population in Kenya. Similar to prior studies, we found that the baboon vaginal microbiota was not dominated by lactobacilli. Despite this difference, and similar to humans, reproductive state was the dominant predictor of baboon vaginal microbiota, with pregnancy, postpartum amenorrhea, and ovarian cycling explaining 18% of the variance in community composition. Furthermore, among cycling females, a striking 39% of variance in community composition was explained by ovarian cycle phase, with an especially distinctive microbial community around ovulation. Peri-ovulatory females exhibited the highest relative abundance of lactic acid-producing bacteria compared to any other phase, with a mean relative abundance of 44%. To a lesser extent, sexual behavior, especially a history of shared sexual partners, also predicted vaginal microbial similarity between baboons. Conclusions: Despite striking differences in their dominant microbes, both human and baboon vaginal microbiota exhibit profound changes in composition in response to reproductive state, ovarian cycle phase, and sexual behavior. We found major shifts in composition during ovulation, which may have implications for disease risk and conception success. These findings highlight the need for future studies to account for fine-scale differences in reproductive state, particularly differences between the various phases of the ovarian cycle. Overall, our work contributes to an emerging understanding of the forces that explain intra- and inter-individual variation in the mammalian vaginal microbiome, with particular emphasis on its role in host health and disease risk.
Data from: The greenscape shapes surfing of resource waves in a large migratory herbivore
The Green Wave Hypothesis posits that herbivore migration manifests in response to waves of spring green-up (i.e. green-wave surfing). Nonetheless, empirical support for the Green Wave Hypothesis is mixed, and a framework for understanding variation in surfing is lacking. In a population of migratory mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), 31% surfed plant phenology in spring as well as a theoretically perfect surfer, and 98% surfed better than random. Green-wave surfing varied among individuals and was unrelated to age or energetic state. Instead, the greenscape, which we define as the order, rate and duration of green-up along migratory routes, was the primary factor influencing surfing. Our results indicate that migratory routes are more than a link between seasonal ranges, and they provide an important, but often overlooked, foraging habitat. In addition, the spatiotemporal configuration of forage resources that propagate along migratory routes shape animal movement and presumably, energy gains during migration.
Data from: Flowering plant composition shapes pathogen infection intensity and reproduction in bumble bee colonies
<p><span>Pathogens pose significant threats to pollinator health and food security. Pollinators can transmit diseases during foraging, but the consequences of plant species composition for infection is unknown. In agroecosystems, flowering strips or hedgerows are often used to augment pollinator habitat. We used canola as a focal crop in tents, and manipulated flowering strip composition using plant species we had previously shown to result in higher or lower bee infection in short-term trials. We also manipulated initial colony infection to assess impacts on foraging behavior. Flowering strips using high-infection plant species nearly doubled bumble bee colony infection intensity compared to low-infection plant species, with intermediate infection in canola-only tents. Both infection treatment and flowering strips reduced visits to canola, but we saw no evidence that infection treatment shifted foraging preferences. Although high-infection flowering strips increased colony infection intensity, colony reproduction was improved with any flowering strips compared to canola alone. Effects of flowering strips on colony reproduction were explained by nectar availability, but effects of flowering strips on infection intensity were not. Thus, flowering strips benefited colony reproduction by adding floral resources, but certain plant species also come with a risk of increased pathogen infection intensity.</span></p>
Hump-shaped relationship between aggregation tendency and body size within fish populations
<p>A distribution with high spatial variability may impair the bet-hedging capacity of a population, threatening population sustainability. Although the association between aggregation and life history traits of a species (e.g. body size) has been documented, the relationship between aggregation and size within a population has rarely been explored. As selective over-fishing may induce size truncation in the targeted stocks,it is critical to understand if such a truncation also undermines the distribution patterns of the population. In this study, we examined if and how the 'aggregation tendency' varies among different size classes of a population. Aggregation tendency was quantified as the exponent b of Taylor's power law (<em>V</em> = <em>a</em> × <em>M<sup>b</sup></em>), which measures the change in spatial variance (<em>V</em>) with the mean abundance (<em>M</em>) of a population. We estimated b by size class for each of the nine commercially important fish species in the North Sea, using ICES survey data from 1991 to 2015. Our study found that the relationship between b and body size within a population is hump-shaped, with a peak slightly larger than the 50% mature length of the species. This result indicates larger adults in a population tend to distribute less heterogeneously when abundance increases, suggesting that larger size classes play a critical role in reducing the variability of population distribution. Our findings highlight the importance of considering the combined effects of fishing-induced size truncation and changes in aggregation patterns in fishery management. That is, maintaining the size and spatial structure for the target stocks of selective fisheries is critical for the sustainability of the populations.</p>
Data from: Shaping communicative colour signals over evolutionary time
Many evolutionary forces can shape the evolution of communicative signals, and the long-term impact of each force may depend on relative timing and magnitude. We use a phylogenetic analysis to infer the history of blue belly patches of Sceloporus lizards, and a detailed spectrophotometric analysis of four species to explore the specific forces shaping evolutionary change. We find that the ancestor of Sceloporus had blue patches. We then focus on four species; the first evolutionary shift (captured by comparison of S. merriami and S. siniferus) represents an ancient loss of the belly patch by S. siniferus, and the second evolutionary shift, bounded by S. undulatus and S. virgatus, represents a more recent loss of blue belly patch by S. virgatus. Conspicuousness measurements suggest that the species with the recent loss (S. virgatus) is the least conspicuous. Results for two other species (S. siniferus and S. merriami) suggest that over longer periods of evolutionary time, new signal colours have arisen which minimize absolute contrast with the habitat while maximizing conspicuousness to a lizard receiver. Specifically, males of the species representing an ancient loss of blue patch (S. siniferus) are more conspicuous than are females in the UV, whereas S. merriami males have evolved a green element that makes their belly patches highly sexually dimorphic but no more conspicuous than the white bellies of S. merriami females. Thus, our results suggest that natural selection may act more immediately to reduce conspicuousness, whereas sexual selection may have a more complex impact on communicative signals through the introduction of new colours.
Data from: Comparative analysis of the shape and size of the middle ear cavity of turtles reveals no correlation with habitat ecology
<p>The middle ear of turtles differs from other reptiles in being separated into two distinct compartments. Several ideas have been proposed as to why the middle ear is compartmentalized in turtles, most suggesting a relationship with underwater hearing. Extant turtle species span fully marine to strictly terrestrial habitats, and ecomorphological hypotheses of turtle hearing predict that this should correlate with variation in the structure of the middle ear due to differences in the fluid properties of water and air. We investigate the shape and size of the air-filled middle ear cavity of 56 extant turtles using 3D data and phylogenetic comparative analysis to test for correlations between habitat preferences and the shape and size of the middle ear cavity. Only weak correlations are found between middle ear cavity size and ecology, with aquatic taxa having proportionally smaller cavity volumes. The middle ear cavity of turtles exhibits high shape diversity among species, but we found no relationship between this shape variation and ecology. Surprisingly, the estimated acoustic transformer ratio, a key functional parameter of impedance-matching ears in vertebrates, also shows no relation to habitat preferences (aquatic/terrestrial) in turtles. We suggest that middle ear cavity shape may be controlled by factors unrelated to hearing, such as the spatial demands of surrounding cranial structures. A review of the fossil record suggests that the modern turtle ear evolved during the Early to Middle Jurassic in stem turtles broadly adapted to freshwater and terrestrial settings. This, combined with our finding that evolutionary transitions between habitats caused only weak evolutionary changes in middle ear structure, suggests that tympanic hearing in turtles evolved as a compromise between subaerial and underwater hearing.</p>
Holy Sepulchre-shaped reliquary
Full name: **Holy Sepulchre-shaped reliquary from Miechów, Poland** Shaped like the Holy Sepulchre, the unusual reliquary is one of the highlights of the Miechów vault. Traditionally, it is believed that it was deposited in Miechów in 1584 by Andrzej Batory, the then Minister General of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre, after his return from Italy. After a few months in the Mediterranean, Cardinal Batory decided to return to the country via Milan, where he wanted to once again meet Cardinal Charles Borromeo. It was most probably during that visit that Borromeo presented Batory with the reliquary. The inside of the silver reliquary holds relics of saints. **For more images and further information, visit:** [https://muzea.malopolska.pl/en/objects-list/2976](http://) Inventory number: MZM/D/S/55 Localisation of the physical object: Museum of Miechowska Land, Poland **Digitalisation: Regional Digitalisation Lab, Małopolska Institute of Culture in Kraków, Poland; "Virtual Museums of Małopolska" project** Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Nanotyrannus - young T-Rex - Shape- Fix
EDIT 2: Did a new shape fix with less shape deformers than before, with a rectangular bounding box, using only 4 corners at a time to deform it either horizontally or vertically. Only increased the amount of deformer points on the box in order to fix a rotation issue at the tip of the snout. It turned out looking slimmer than the previous model and a whole lot less stretched out of shape and I think it looks much better now. EDIT: With the permission of the original uploader I have made the model free and available for download. The 3D model was originally uploaded in the link below, but I just wanted to see if basically just removing some of the vertical skewing of the piece would make it look better and I think it did: https://sketchfab.com/3d-models/nanotyrannus-lancensis-young-t-rex-7b0967fa27674d959647868686b6717b Besides the shape fix I also scaled it up to about full size, with the limited information I could find on the real skull's size. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Beaker-Shaped Vase, from a Five-Piece Garniture
Smithsonian source data can be found [here](https://ids.si.edu/ids/media_view?id=3d_package:d8c64b96-4ebc-11ea-b77f-2e728ce88125) This media file is in the public domain (free of copyright restrictions). You can copy, modify, and distribute this work without contacting the Smithsonian. For more information and to review the 3D disclaimer, visit the Smithsonian's [Terms of Use](https://www.si.edu/Termsofuse) page. Beaker-shaped vase, from a five-piece garniture Medium: Porcelain with cobalt pigment under clear colorless glaze Dimensions: H x Diam (assembled): 45.5 × 17.1 cm (17 15/16 × 6 3/4 in) Style: Jingdezhen ware Type: Ceramic, Vessel Origin: Jingdezhen, Jiangxi province, China Date:1662-1722 Period: Qing dynasty Credit Line: Gift of Myron S. Falk, Jr. and his sisters, Mrs. Mildred F. Loew and Mrs. Eleanor F. Lenzner Accession Number: F1980.194a-b EDAN-URL: edanmdm:fsg_F1980.194a-b Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Table clock with shape of Hungarian hussar
ID no.: MHK 883/II Museum: Historical Museum of the City of Kraków https://muzea.malopolska.pl/en/objects-list/37 Digitalisation: RDW MIC, Małopolska's Virtual Museums project Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Coffin Shaped Monument
Coffin Shaped Monument in St. Peter's Espicopal Church in Philadelphia, PA. Margaret Krider Hale was the daughter of Jacob Hale who fought in the American Revolutionary War. Model made by Emma Dietrich using Iphone 12 pro and Reality Capture. (her fingers were too cold and missed some photos) This model was made using Reality Capture software by Capturing Reality. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
040 Paukenfibel / Tympanum-shaped fibula
# Fundort / Site Oelde-Sünninghausen, Kreis Warendorf (Germany) # Fundumstände / Circumstances of discovery Siedlung / Settlement 1964 # Objekt / Object Zinn-Arsen-Bronze, Eisen / Tin-Arsenic-Bronze, Iron Breite / Width: 5,1 cm Höhe / Height: 2,9 cm # Datierung / Dating 3. Jahrhundert v. Chr. / 3th century BC Anfang späte Eisenzeit / Early Late Iron Age # Fundverbleib / Repository Zentrales Fundarchiv der LWL-Archäologie für Westfalen, Münster # 3-D-Modell / 3D model Fotokamera / Photo camera: Nikon D850 Modellberechnung / Model processing: Reality Capture Modell / Model: LWL-Archäologie für Westfalen/Florian Westphal Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
FR046, Middle Woodland, reel shaped gorget
Reel shaped Gorget Middle Woodland Catalog #: P654 Uploaded by Carson Wright Suggested Data Citation: Thompson, Christine, Erin Powers, Carson Wright, and Kevin C. Nolan, 2021. FRHS_FR046, 3D Model .ply file. Digital Exhibit of Fort Recovery Historical Society's Precontact Collection, Fort Recovery Historical Society and Applied Anthropology Laboratories, Ball State University. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Trough-shaped dolmen Spunetam - 1(cross-section)
The dolmen is located on Mezetsu ridge (Spunetam group), Tuapse region, Caucasus, Russia, Middle Bronze Age (4000-2000 BC), Dolmen Culture of Caucasus. Here is one of the largest caucausian trough-shaped dolmens. Sepulcher chamber is carved out of large block of stone. Trapezoidal in shape chamber is roofed with a stone slab. This construction imitate plan and elements of the plinth type of stone slabs. Unique element: 1. portal wall of that construction is the side of false portal with an imitation access hole produced by a protruding knob of stone; 2. carved shelf on three walls of this chamber; 3. reinforcement plate on the dolmen roof; 4. bas-relief on the access hole wall. Один из самых крупных корытообразных дольменов Кавказа (дольменная культура Кавказа, средняя бронза, Туапсинский район). Относится к редкому ложнопортальному типу с отверстием сбоку. Особенности: на крыше расположено ребро жесткости, на стене с отверстием выточен барельеф, в камере сделаны углубления для сооружения полки. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Cycladic_Violin-shaped figurine
Early Bronze Age Early Cycladic I - Pelos Phase 3200 b.C. - 2800 b.C. Schematic violin-shaped figurine with a long rod-like projection denoting the head and neck, and flat body with two wide notches at the sides, forming the "waist" . The base of the neck is emphasized with an incised V motif. Violin-shaped figurines - thus named for obvious reasons - are the most common type of schematic representations of the human body in the Early Cycladic period and have several variations. They are usually small in size, only rarely exceeding 20 cm. in height. We do know that they represent female figures because several examples feature an incised pubic triangle or - less frequently - modelled breast. https://cycladic.gr/en/exhibit/ng1065-violoschimo-idolio Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Quasi-Static Cyclic Tests of Two U-Shaped Reinforced Concrete Walls
<p>U-shaped or channel-shaped walls are frequently used as lateral strength providing members in reinforced concrete (RC) buildings since their form does not only provide strength and stiffness in any horizontal direction but is also well suited to accommodate elevator shafts or staircases. Despite this popularity, experimental results on the seismic behavior of U-shaped walls are scarce. For this reason a research program with the objective to provide additional experimental evidence for such walls under seismic loading was developed. It included quasi-static cyclic testing of two U-shaped walls at the structural engineering laboratories of the ETH Zurich. The walls were built at half-scale and designed for high ductility. The main difference between the two walls was their wall thickness. The project was chiefly focusing on the bending behavior in different directions and therefore the walls were subjected to a bi-directional loading regime. This article discusses the design of the test units, the test setup and the test predictions. Finally the main results are summarized in terms of failure mechanisms and force-displacement hystereses.</p>
Supplementary files for: Jorge M G, Brennand T A. Measuring (subglacial) bedform orientation, one-dimensional size, and directional shape - method accuracy. PLOS ONE, revision phase.
<p>Supplementary files for Jorge M G, Brennand T A. Measuring (subglacial) bedform orientation, one-dimensional size, and directional shape - method accuracy. PLOS ONE, revision phase.</p> <p>Files: i) shapefile of longitudinal subglacial bedform dataset; ii) spreadsheet with signed error distributions.</p> <p> </p>
Data from: Jorge M G, Brennand T A. Measuring (subglacial) bedform orientation, one-dimensional size, and directional shape - method accuracy. Submitted to PLOS ONE, July 2015
<p>Georeferenced (EPSG 32610) vector file (shapefile format) containing the longitudinal subglacial bedform footprint dataset used in the study.<br /> </p>
Visual Perception of Complex Shape-Transforming Processes
<p>Dataset relative to the following publication:</p> <p>Schmidt, F., & Fleming, R. W. (2016). Visual Perception of Complex Shape-Transforming Processes. <em>Cognitive Psychology, 90</em>, 48-70. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cogpsych.2016.08.002"> http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cogpsych.2016.08.002</a></p> <p>Each folder contains the stimuli and data relative to one experiment and a text file with comments.</p>
Shape, motion and optical cues to stiffness of elastic objects
<p>Dataset relative to the following publication:</p> <p>Paulun, V.C., Schmidt, F., van Assen, J.J.R., & Fleming, R. W. (2017). Shape, motion and optical cues to stiffness of elastic objects. <em>Journal of Vision, 17(1):20, </em>1-20, doi:10.1167/17.1.20</p> <p>Each folder contains the data and stimulus material relative to one experiment and a text file with comments.</p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.