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Figure 2 in Ilha Grande, one of the locations with the most records of bat species (Mammalia, Chiroptera) in Rio de Janeiro state: results of a long-term ecological study
Figure 2. Locations in Rio de Janeiro state where bat inventories have been conducted. Numbers correspond to locations in Table 4. A map of South America is shown, detailing the location of the state of Rio de Janeiro in southeastern Brazil.
Figure 2 in On the development of a trait-based approach for studying Neotropical bats
Figure 2. Study cases using trait-based approach in Neotropical bats. Life history traits in black boxes whereas morphological traits are depicted in white boxes.
Figure 2 in Ectoparasitic flies (Diptera: Streblidae) on bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) from a Private Natural Heritage Reserve in southeastern Brazil
Figure 2. Cluster analysis comparing studies carried out in five other Brazilian states: (1) Graciolli & Bianconi (2007) in Paraná, (2) Santos et al. (2009) in Maranhão, (3) Bertola et al. (2005) in São Paulo, (4) Komeno & Linhares (1999) in Minas Gerais, (5) Graciolli & Coelho (2001) in Distrito Federal, (6) the present study in Rio de Janeiro and (7) França et al. (2013) in Rio de Janeiro II.
Figure 1 in Ectoparasitic flies (Diptera: Streblidae) on bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) from a Private Natural Heritage Reserve in southeastern Brazil
Figure 1. Location of the Bom Retiro Farm Private Natural Heritage Reserve (22°27′S, 42°18′W), Silva Jardim, Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil.
Potencial attack of the common vampire bat (Desmodus rotundus) on nine-banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus) in northern Oaxaca, Mexico
<p>Interaction between a nine-banded armadillo <em>Dasypus novemcinctus </em>and the common vampire bat <em>Desmodus rotundus, </em>recorded in a forest fragment of evergreen forest in Oaxaca, Mexico. </p>
Data from: Modelling the potential efficacy of treatments for white-nose syndrome in bats
<p class="western">1. The fungal disease white-nose syndrome (WNS) has caused mass mortality in some species of North American bats during hibernation. </p> <p class="western">2. We use population viability models to test if a hypothetical WNS treatment or management action could facilitate the recovery of WNS-affected little brown myotis (<i>Myotis lucifugus</i>) populations. We modelled scenarios altering three parameters: (1) WNS severity (population growth rate of WNS-affected populations; λ<sub>WNS</sub>); (2) proportion of population treated; and (3) treatment improvement in winter survival (TIWS). </p> <p class="western">3. Our models predict that a treatment or management action that targets an entire population with a TIWS of 40% (the average TIWS in bat trials to date) will cause a population to stabilize or increase if WNS causes an annual decline of less than 70% (i.e. λ<sub>WNS</sub>>=0.30). However, for severe WNS (λ<sub>WNS</sub>=0.10), the TIWS must be at least 54% to cause the population to stabilize or increase. Where only a proportion of a WNS-affected population is treated, population stability is much harder to achieve unless the impact of WNS attenuates over time.</p> <p class="western">4. Our models suggest that a treatment or management action only facilitates the recovery of WNS-affected populations if WNS is mild, a large proportion of bats can be treated, TIWS is high, and/or WNS severity attenuates over time.</p> <p class="western"><span>5. </span><i>Synthesis and applications</i><i><span>.</span></i><span> We mode</span><span><span>lled</span></span><span> the predicted abundance trajectory of white-nose syndrome (WNS)-affected little brown myotis (</span><i><span>Myotis lucifugus</span></i><span>) populations </span><span><span>in response to hypothetical treatment or management actions. Our two types of models incorporate the complete range of possible scenarios varying three parameters: (1) population growth rate of the WNS-affected population</span></span><span><span>, (2) the improvement in winter </span></span><span><span>survival associated with the </span></span><span><span>treatment or management action, and (3) the proportion of the population treated. </span></span><span><span><span><span>We suggest that our models, which can be explored using online Shiny applications, should be used in the planning phase of treatment or management action programs for WNS.</span></span></span></span></p>
Data from: Resistance in persisting bat populations after white-nose syndrome invasion
Increases in anthropogenic movement have led to a rise in pathogen introductions and the emergence of infectious diseases in naive host communities worldwide. We combined empirical data and mathematical models to examine changes in disease dynamics in little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus) populations following the introduction of the emerging fungal pathogen Pseudogymnoascus destructans, which causes the disease white-nose syndrome. We found that infection intensity was much lower in persisting populations than in declining populations where the fungus has recently invaded. Fitted models indicate that this is most consistent with a reduction in the growth rate of the pathogen when fungal loads become high. The data are inconsistent with the evolution of tolerance or an overall reduced pathogen growth rate that might be caused by environmental factors. The existence of resistance in some persisting populations of little brown bats offers a glimmer of hope that a precipitously declining species will persist in the face of this deadly pathogen. This article is part of the themed issue 'Human influences on evolution, and the ecological and societal consequences'.
Bat-flower interaction networks in Caatinga reveal generalized associations and temporal stability
<p>Seasonal variation in precipitation regimes influences species composition and plant-animal interactions. Such temporal variation is especially relevant in the Brazilian Caatinga, the largest Seasonally Dry Tropical Forest in South America, where bat pollination is unusually frequent in comparison with other tropical plant communities. Here, we describe seasonal and annual variations of the interaction networks between nectarivorous bats and flower species in the Caatinga. Five species of nectar-feeding bats interacted with 30 plant species. Nectarivorous bats showed high levels of interaction overlap, which contributed to ecological generalization (low specialization and modularity) and lack of nestedness in the interaction networks. This pattern was consistent across seasons and years. Chiropterophilous and non-chiropterophilous plants were equally important components of the interaction network. The generalized interaction patterns found may be a necessary condition for the persistence of nectarivorous bats and their specialized plants in the environmentally harsh and variable Caatinga. The underappreciated generalized interactions of bats with plants calls for studies testing the effectiveness of bats in pollinating the plants they visit, including those not typically categorized as "bat-flowers".</p>
Data from: Inconspicuous echolocation in hoary bats (Lasiurus cinereus)
Echolocation allows bats to occupy diverse nocturnal niches. Bats almost always use echolocation, even when other sensory stimuli are available to guide navigation. Here, using arrays of calibrated infrared cameras and ultrasonic microphones, we demonstrate that hoary bats (Lasiurus cinereus) use previously unknown echolocation behaviors that challenge our current understanding of echolocation. We describe a novel call type ("micro" calls) that has three orders of magnitude less sound energy than other bat calls used in open habitats. We also document bats flying close to microphones (< 3 m) without producing detectable echolocation calls. Acoustic modeling indicates that bats are not producing calls that exceed 70-75 dB at 0.1 m, a level that would have little or no known use for a bat flying in the open at speeds exceeding 7 m s-1. This indicates that hoary bats sometimes fly without echolocation. We speculate that bats reduce echolocation output to avoid eavesdropping by conspecifics during the mating season. These findings might partly explain why tens of thousands of hoary bats are killed at wind turbines each year. They also challenge the long-standing assumption that bats—model organisms for sensory specialization—are reliant on sonar for nocturnal navigation.
Morphological diversity in the sensory system of phyllostomid bats: implications for acoustic and dietary ecology
1. Sensory systems perform fitness-relevant functions, and specialized sensory structures allow organisms to accomplish challenging tasks. However, broad comparative analyses of sensory morphologies and their performance are lacking for diverse mammalian radiations. 2. Neotropical leaf-nosed bats (Phyllostomidae) are one of the most ecologically diverse mammal groups; including a wide range of diets and foraging behaviors, and extreme morphological variation in external sensory structures used in echolocation (nose leaf and pinnae). 3. We coupled 3D geometric morphometrics and acoustic field recordings under a phylogenetic framework to investigate the mechanisms underlying the diversification of external sensory morphologies in phyllostomids, and explored the potential implications of sensory morphological diversity to functional outputs and dietary ecology. 4. We found that the nose leaf consists of two evolutionary modules, spear and horseshoe, suggesting that modularity enabled morphological and functional diversification of this structure. 5. We found a significant association between some aspects of nose leaf shape and maximum frequency and bandwidth of echolocation calls, but not between pinnae shape and echolocation call parameters. This may be explained by the use of multiple sensory modes across phyllostomids and plasticity of some echolocation call parameters. 6. Species with different diets significantly differed in nose leaf shape, specifically in spear breadth, presence of a midrib, and cupping and anterior rotation of the horseshoe. This may relate to different levels of prey type specificity within each diet. Pinnae shape significantly differed between species that consume non-mobile, non-evasive prey (broad rounded, cupped pinnae) and mobile, evasive prey (flattened pinnae with a sharp tapering apex). This may reflect the use of different sound cues to detect prey. 7. Our results give insight into the morphological evolution of external sensory structures in bats, and highlight new links between morphological diversity and ecology.
Barrel - Bat Saliva
Free model to use in any project.... Please visit http://www.vanatorstudio.com to check my portfolio… Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
454 data for the microbiome of bats in the Southwestern United States.
<p>454 fast qual and mapping files from MR. DNA for the paper Environmental and Geographic Factors Affecting the External Bacterial Diversity on Bats in the Southwestern United State. </p> <p> </p>
Fig. 2 in Comparative phylogeography of bamboo bats of the genus Tylonycteris (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) in Southeast Asia
Fig. 2. Bayesian tree obtained from the analyses of COI and Cytb genes. The values on the nodes indicate posterior probabilities (PP). In the COI tree, PPs were calculated from two DNA alignments of CO1 sequences (728 nt or 291 nt; see text for details). The sequence HM914921 was obtained from a specimen originally identified as T. robustula. In the Cytb tree, the sequence EU521635 was obtained from a specimen originally identified as T. robustula.
Applying genomic approaches to identify historic population declines in European forest bats
<ol> <li>Anthropogenically-driven environmental changes over the past two centuries have led to severe biodiversity loss, most prominently in the form of loss of populations and individuals. Better tools are needed to assess the magnitude of these wildlife population declines. Anecdotal evidence suggests European bat populations have suffered substantial declines in the past few centuries. However, there is little empirical evidence of these declines that can be used to put more recent population changes into historic context and set appropriate targets for species recovery. </li> <li>This study is a collaboration between academics and conservation practitioners to develop molecular approaches capable of providing quantitative evidence of historic population changes and their drivers that can inform the assessment of conservation status and conservation management. We generated a genomic dataset for the Western barbastelle, <em>Barbastella barbastellus</em>, a globally Near Threatened and regionally Vulnerable bat species, including colonies from across the species' British and Iberian ranges. We used a combination of landscape genetics and approximate Bayesian computation model-based inference of demographic history to identify both evidence of population size changes and possible drivers of these changes. </li> <li>We found that levels of genetic diversity and inbreeding were related to broadleaf woodland cover around the colony location. Genetic connectivity was impeded by artificial lights and facilitated by the combination of rivers and broadleaf woodland cover. </li> <li>The demographic history analysis showed that both the northern and southern British barbastelle populations have declined by 99% over the past 330–548 years. These declines may have been triggered by loss of large oak trees and native woodlands due to shipbuilding during the early colonial period.</li> <li> <em>Synthesis and applications</em>. Genomic approaches can be applied to provide a better understanding of the conservation status of threatened species, within historic and contemporary context, and inform their conservation management. This study shows how we can bridge the implementation gap and promote the application of genomics in conservation management through co-designing studies with conservation practitioners and co-developing applied management targets and recommendations.</li> </ol>
Robust evidence for bats as reservoir hosts is lacking in most African virus studies – a review and call to optimize sampling and conserve bats
<p><span>Africa experiences frequent emerging disease outbreaks among humans, with bats often proposed as zoonotic pathogen hosts. We comprehensively reviewed virus-bat findings from papers published between 1978 and 2020 to evaluate the evidence that African bats are reservoirs and/or bridging hosts for viruses that cause human disease. We present data from 162 papers (of 1322) with original findings on (1) numbers and species of bats sampled across bat families and the continent, (2) how bats were selected for study inclusion, (3) if bats were terminally sampled, (4) what types of ecological data, if any, were recorded, and (5) which viruses were detected and with what methodology. We propose a scheme for evaluating presumed virus-host relationships by evidence type and quality, using the contrasting available evidence for </span><em>Orthoebolavirus</em> (formerly <em>Ebolavirus</em>) versus <em>Orthomarburgvirus</em> (formerly <em>Marburgvirus</em>) as an example. We review the wording in abstracts and discussions of all 162 papers, identifying key framing terms, how these refer to findings, and how they might contribute to people's beliefs about bats. We discuss the impact of scientific research communication on public perception and emphasize the need for strategies that minimize human-bat conflict and support bat conservation. Finally, we make recommendations for best practices that will improve virological study metadata.</p>
Bermuda Atlantic Time-Series Study (BATS) Zooplankton Biomass
<p>The BATS (Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study) zooplankton biomass dataset is time-series spanning from 1994 to 2022. The dataset contains zooplankton biomass measurements.</p><p>Due to an ambiguity with depth a subset of the dataset been removed as part of the Simons CMAP curation process. The original dataset is also included here:</p><ul><li>Curated by Simons CMAP: BATS_Zooplankton_Biomass_CMAP.xlsx </li><li>Original version as text file: BATS_zooplankton.xlsx</li><li>Original version as excel file: BATS_zooplankton.xlsx </li></ul><p>The following dates were impacted by the depth ambiguity: 1994 (4/6 – 12/12); 1995 (1/11 – 4/27, 8/22); 2000 (2/28); 2001 (1/30, 8/7-8/8, 9/12, 10/16); 2004 (2/14, 3/23, 4/7, 7/14-15, 8/16-17); 2005 (1/27); 2006 (5/11, 6/26, 9/4-9/5); 2007 (7/18, 8/9, 10/6); 2008 (6/22); 2009 (2/10, 4/1, 4/15, 5/16, 5/19, 10/10); 2017 (5/9); 2018: (8/13); 2022: (6/29).</p><p>This description has been reproduced using https://www.dropbox.com/sh/xo6c72qaeznyv05/AACCiijqHcd2chjbwrqNcxica?dl=0&preview=BATS_zooplankton.txt</p>
Wind energy development can lead to guild-specific habitat loss in boreal forest bats
<p>Forest management rarely considers protecting bats in Fennoscandian regions although all species rely on forest habitat at some point in their annual cycle. This issue is especially evident as wind parks have increasingly been developed inside Fennoscandian forests, against the advice of international bat conservation guidelines. In this study, we aimed to describe and explain bat community dynamics at a Norwegian wind park located in a boreal forest, especially to understand potential avoidance or attraction effects. The bat community was sampled acoustically and described using foraging guilds (short, medium, and long-range echolocators; SRE, MRE, LRE) as well as behavior (commuting, feeding and social calls). Sampling was undertaken at two locations per turbine: (i) the turbine pad and (ii) a paired natural habitat at ground level, as well as from a meteorological tower. We used a recently developed method for camera trapping nocturnal flying insects synchronously with bat acoustic activity. Our results reveal trends in feeding and general bat activity across foraging guilds in relation to insect availability, habitat type, wind, temperature, and seasonality. We show how seasonal patterns in behavior across guilds were affected by habitat type, temperature, and wind. We found that SRE commuting and especially feeding activity was highest in natural habitats, whereas LRE overall activity at habitats more season dependent. We found that nocturnal insect availability was positively correlated with total bat feeding activity throughout the night. Our results provide evidence for both direct and indirect risks to bat communities by wind parks: SRE bat habitat is lost to wind energy infrastructure and LRE bat may have an increased risk of fatality. Our findings provide important insights on seasonal and spatial variability in bat activity, which can inform standardizing monitoring of bats acoustically in boreal forests, at wind parks, and in combination with non-invasive insect monitoring.</p>
A meta-analysis exploring associations between habitat degradation and Neotropical bat virus prevalence and seroprevalence
<p>Habitat degradation can increase zoonotic disease risks by altering infection dynamics in wildlife and increasing wildlife–human interactions. Bats are an important taxonomic group to consider these effects, because they harbour many relevant zoonotic viruses and have species- and context-dependent responses to degradation that could affect zoonotic virus dynamics. Yet our understanding of the associations between habitat degradation and bat virus prevalence and seroprevalence are limited to a small number of studies, which often differ in the bats or viruses sampled, the study region, and methodology. To develop a broad understanding of the associations between bat viruses and habitat degradation, we conducted an initial phylogenetic meta-analysis that combines published prevalence and seroprevalence ("(sero)prevalence") with remote-sensing habitat degradation data. Our dataset includes 588 unique records of (sero)prevalence across 16 studies, 64 bat species, and five virus families. We quantified the overall strength and direction of the relationship between habitat degradation and bat virus outcomes and tested how this relationship is moderated by the time between habitat degradation and bat sampling and by ecological traits of bat hosts while controlling for phylogenetic nonindependence among bat species. We found no effect of degradation on prevalence overall, although a weak effect may exist when forest loss occurs the year prior to bat sampling. In contrast, we detected a negative but weak association between degradation and seroprevalence overall that was strengthened when forest loss occurred the year prior to bat sampling. No bat traits that we investigated interacted with habitat degradation to impact virus outcomes, suggesting observed trends are independent of these traits. Biases in our initial dataset highlight opportunities for future work; prevalence was highly zero-inflated, and seroprevalence was dominated by <em>Desmodus rotundus</em> and rabies virus. These findings and subsequent analyses will improve our understanding of how global change affects host–pathogen dynamics.</p>
Singing silver-haired bats (Lasionycteris noctivagans)
<p class="MsoNormal">Characterizing sounds produced by animals can lead to better understanding of their behavioral ecology and conservation. While considerable focus has been on signals used by bats for echolocation, there has been less emphasis on nonecholocation sounds. We describe songs (i.e., acoustic vocalizations with distinctive syllable types in series or in complex motifs) produced by silver‐haired bat (<em>Lasionycteris noctivagans</em>). Songs, characterized by a sequence (song phrase) of 3 distinct vocalization types, were confirmed by observing free‐flying, silver‐haired bats at mine hibernacula in British Columbia, Canada. The song patterns were relatively consistent with each song phrase consisting of a lead call, followed by a droplet call, and finishing with a series of multiple chirp calls. The function of the songs is unknown, however, as other bat species produce songs for mating, we propose silver‐ aired bat songs may similarly be associated with courtship or mating. Alternative functions cannot be ruled out, particularly because we recorded some songs outside of the accepted mating period. Other research has determined peak mating of silver‐haired bats occurs in fall, and spring mating has been documented. Here we additionally provide evidence of winter mating in British Columbia. The proportion of silver‐haired bat songs recorded relative to echolocation recordings varied across locations and seasons. While we recorded songs in all months of the year, more than half of the songs were produced during winter, and 93.4% (of 1,857) were produced outside of summer months. Song production in summer could be associated with other behaviors such as learning or practice, establishing or maintaining social bonds, or male‐male competition. To provide landscape and temporal context, we summarize acoustic datasets from numerous locations in western North America where recordings were made between 2005 and 2022.</p>
Forest gaps around wind turbines attract bat species with high collision risk
<p><span>Globally, renewable energy is highly demanded, leading to a recent increase in the number of wind turbines at forested sites. For the deployment of turbines, forest areas must be cleared, which results in significant habitat changes. To assess the ecological consequences of these changes for forest-associated bats, we quantified the activity of three bat foraging guilds at turbine clearings, adjacent forest edges, and nearby forest canopies. Specifically, open-space and edge-space foraging bats were more active at turbine clearings and forest edges than at forest canopies. Narrow-space foragers were also more often recorded at turbine clearings than at forest canopies. An increased activity of open- and edge-space foragers at turbine clearings may increase the risk for casualties. </span><span>Therefore, if turbines need to be placed in forests, strict curtailment schemes should be practiced to mitigate collision risk for these bats. This may impair the efficacy of wind energy production at forested sites.</span></p>
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.