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ANATOMY AND METHODS OF TREATMENT OF ULCERATIVE COLITIS IN MODERN MEDICINE.
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FORMATION OF MODERN SKILLS IN PRIMARY EDUCATION STUDENTS ON THE BASIS OF INTERNATIONAL ASSESSMENT PROGRAMS AS AN IMPORTANT PEDAGOGICAL PROBLEM
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THE PROBLEM OF DEVIANT BEHAVIOR IN MODERN PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL LITERATURE
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"MODERN PROBLEMS OF NUMBER THEORY AND THEIR APPLICATIONS IN CRYPTOGRAPHY."
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Basque catechisms in the Early Modern Period
<p><span><span>Appendix for the paper "Basque catechisms in the Early Modern Period"<br></span></span></p>
ECONOMETRIC MODEL OF PUBLIC UTILITIES BASED ON MODERNIZATION AND UNIFICATION OF THE ECONOMY-STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
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MODERN TRENDS AND TECHNOLOGIES OF THE PEDAGOGICAL PROCESS IN PRIMARY SCHOOL.
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"TEACHING WITH MODERN PEDAGOGICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN SCHOOL EDUCATION"
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TABLE 1 in A revision and addition to Zopheridae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea) in Baltic amber: possible connections between modern Holarctic distributions and Eocene ' amber forests'
<p><b>TABLE 1.</b> Extant zopherid genera within the Baltic amber fauna: presence in territories of the Holarctic Realm at present.</p><table><tbody><tr><th>Presence in Holarctic (areas between 35˚ and 45˚ N) of Recent</th></tr><tr><th>No</th><th>Genera</th><th>West Palearctic (South and Central Europe plus Mediterranean)</th><th>East Palearctic (Eastern Asia)</th><th>West Nearctic (North American Pacific coast)</th><th>East Nearctic (North American Atlantic coast)</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>1</th><td><i>Bitoma</i></td><td>+</td><td>+</td><td>+</td><td>+</td></tr><tr><th>2</th><td><i>Coxelus</i></td><td>+</td><td>-</td><td>+</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><th>3</th><td><i>Diodesma</i></td><td>+</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><th>4</th><td><i>Endophloeus</i></td><td>+</td><td>+</td><td>-</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><th>5</th><td><i>Helioctamenus</i></td><td>+</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><th>6</th><td><i>Lasconotus</i></td><td>-</td><td>+</td><td>+</td><td>+</td></tr><tr><th>7</th><td><i>Paha</i></td><td><b>-</b></td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>+</td></tr><tr><th>8</th><td><i>Pycnomerus</i></td><td>+</td><td>+</td><td>+</td><td>+</td></tr><tr><th>9</th><td><i>Synchita</i></td><td>+</td><td>+</td><td>+</td><td>+</td></tr><tr><th>10</th><td><i>Usechus</i></td><td><b>-</b></td><td>+</td><td>+</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><th>11</th><td><i>Xylolaemus</i></td><td>+</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><th>Total</th><td></td><td>8</td><td>6</td><td>6</td><td>5</td></tr></tbody></table>
Data from: Untangling the hybrid nature of modern pig genomes: a mosaic derived from biogeographically distinct and highly divergent Sus scrofa populations
The merging of populations after an extended period of isolation and divergence is a common phenomenon, in natural settings as well as due to human interference. Individuals with such hybrid origins contain genomes that essentially form a mosaic of different histories and demographies. Pigs are an excellent model species to study hybridization because European and Asian wild boars diverged ~1.2 Mya and pigs were domesticated independently in Europe and Asia. During the Industrial Revolution in England, pigs were imported from China to improve the local pigs. This study utilizes the latest genomics tools to identify the origin of haplotypes in European domesticated pigs that are descendant from Asian and European populations. Our results reveal fine-scale haplotype structure representing different ancient demographic events, as well as a mosaic composition of those distinct histories due to recently introgressed haplotypes in the pig genome. As a consequence, nucleotide diversity in the genome of European domesticated pigs is higher when at least one haplotype of Asian origin is present, and haplotype length correlates negatively with recombination frequency and nucleotide diversity. Another consequence is that the inference of past effective population size is influenced by the background of the haplotypes in an individual, but we demonstrate that by careful sorting based on the origin of haplotypes both distinct demographic histories can be reconstructed. Future detailed mapping of the genomic distribution of variation will enable a targeted approach to increase genetic diversity of captive and wild populations, thus facilitating conservation efforts in the near future.
Data from: Selection signatures underlying dramatic male inflorescence transformation during modern hybrid maize breeding
Inflorescence capacity plays a crucial role in reproductive fitness in plants, and in production of hybrid crops. Maize is a monoecious species bearing separate male and female flowers (tassel and ear, respectively). The switch from open-pollinated populations of maize to hybrid-based breeding schemes in the early 20th century was accompanied by a dramatic reduction in tassel size, and the trend has continued with modern breeding over the recent decades. The goal of this study was to identify selection signatures in genes that may underlie this dramatic transformation. Using a population of 942 diverse inbred maize accessions and a nested association mapping population comprised of three 200-line biparental populations, we measured 15 tassel morphological characteristics by manual and image-based methods. Genome-wide association studies identified 242 single nucleotide polymorphisms significantly associated with measured traits. We compared 41 unselected lines from the Iowa Stiff Stalk Synthetic (BSSS) population to 21 highly selected lines developed by modern commercial breeding programs and show that tassel size and weight were reduced significantly. We assayed genetic differences between the two groups using selection statistics XP-EHH, XP-CLR, and FST. All three selection statistics show evidence of selection at genomic regions associated with tassel morphology relative to genome-wide null distributions. These results support the tremendous effect, both phenotypic and genotypic, that selection has had on maize male inflorescence morphology.
Data from: Computational biomechanical analyses demonstrate similar shell-crushing abilities in modern and ancient arthropods
The biology of the extant American horseshoe crab, Limulus polyphemus, is well documented—including its dietary habits, particularly the ability to crush shell with its gnathobasic walking appendages—but virtually nothing is known about the feeding biomechanics of this iconic arthropod. This species is also considered the archetypal functional analogue for a range of extinct groups that have gnathobasic appendages, including eurypterids, trilobites, and some of the earliest arthropods, especially Sidneyia inexpectans from the middle Cambrian (508 million-year-old) Burgess Shale of Canada. Exceptionally-preserved specimens of S. inexpectans show intriguing evidence suggestive of durophagous (shell-crushing) tendencies—including thick gnathobasic spine cuticle and shelly gut contents—but this feeding mode has never been substantiated using advanced computational techniques, such as Finite Element Analysis (FEA). Here we present a unique application of 3D FEA by modelling the feeding mechanics of L. polyphemus and S. inexpectans, representing the first such analysis of a modern horseshoe crab, or indeed any fossil arthropod. Results show that mechanical performance of the feeding appendages in both arthropods is remarkably similar, confirming that S. inexpectans was a durophagous predator. This biomechanical solution to processing shelled prey therefore has a history extending over 500 million years, almost dating back to the first appearance of shell-bearing animals themselves. The arrival of durophagous predators such as S. inexpectans during the early phase of animal evolution undoubtedly fuelled the Cambrian 'arms race' that encompasses the rapid increase in diversity and abundance of biomineralised prey species.
Influence of reaction parameters on the catalytic upgrading of an acetone, butanol and ethanol (ABE) mixture: exploring new routes for modern biorefineries
<p>Here we present a comprehensive study on the effect of reaction parameters on the upgrade of an acetone, butanol and ethanol mixture – key molecules and platform products of great interest within the chemical sector. Using a selected high performing catalyst, Fe/MgO-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, the variation of temperature, reaction time, catalytic loading and reactant molar ratio have been examined in this reaction. This work is aiming to not only optimise the reaction conditions previously used, but to step towards using less energy, time and material by testing those conditions and analysing the sufficiency of the results. Herein we demonstrate that this reaction is favored at higher temperatures and longer reaction time. Also, we observe that increasing the catalyst loading had a positive effect on the product yields, while reactant ratios have shown to produce varied results due to the role of each reactant in the complex reaction network. In line with the aim of reducing energy and costs, this work showcases that the products from the upgrading route have significantly higher market value than the reactants, highlighting this process represents an appealing route to be implemented in modern biorefineries.</p>
Data from: Contemporary evolution of a Lepidopteran species, Heliothis virescens, in response to modern agricultural practices
Adaptation to human-induced environmental change has the potential to profoundly influence the genomic architecture of affected species. This is particularly true in agricultural ecosystems, where anthropogenic selection pressure is strong. Heliothis virescens primarily feeds on cotton in its larval stages and US populations have been declining since the widespread planting of transgenic cotton, which endogenously expresses proteins derived from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). No physiological adaptation to Bt toxin has been found in the field, so adaptation in this altered environment could involve: 1) shifts in host plant selection mechanisms to avoid cotton, 2) changes in detoxification mechanisms required for cotton-feeding versus feeding on other hosts, or 3) loss of resistance to previously used management practices including insecticides. Here we begin to address whether such changes occurred in H. virescens populations between 1997-2012, as Bt cotton cultivation spread through the agricultural landscape. For our study, we produced an H. virescens genome assembly and used this in concert with a ddRAD-seq enabled genome scan to identify loci with significant allele frequency changes over the 15 year period. Genetic changes at a previously described H. virescens insecticide target of selection were detectable in our genome scan, and increased our confidence in this methodology. Additional loci were also detected as being under selection, and we quantified the selection strength required to elicit observed allele frequency changes at each locus. Potential contributions of genes near loci under selection to adaptive phenotypes in the H. virescens cotton system are discussed.
FIGURE 12 in Modern sequels to the Kaiserin-Augusta-Fluss itinerary of Carl Ledermann: floristic discoveries from the upper Sepik of Papua New Guinea
FIGURE 12. Island of New Guinea. A, Waskuk Hills, Ambunti District.
FIG. 33 in Origine et radiation initiale des chauves-souris modernes: nouvelles découvertes dans l'Éocène d'Afrique du Nord
FIG. 33. — Hypothèse paléo-phylogéographique sur les premières phases de dispersion des Rhinolophidae et Hipposideridae. L'échelle des temps géologiques est positionnée en haut à gauche. L'hypothèse phylogénétique est reprise de l'arbre obtenu après l'analyse cladistique en « Branch and Bound » (Fig. 31). Les événements de dispersion durant l'Éocène sont figurés à droite. Les flèches en trait continu illustrent les mouvements de dispersion les plus probables supportés par les données fossiles. Les flèches en trait pointillé représentent les possibles événements de dispersion antérieurs, n'étant soutenus par aucune donnée paléontologique. Les flèches en bleu représentent les mouvements de dispersion concernant les Rhinolophidae uniquement. Les flèches en rouge représentent les mouvements de dispersion concernant les Hipposideridae uniquement.
Plant diversity data from modern sedimentary DNA of lakes in Siberia and China
<p>Here we provide a large dataset on genetic plant diversity retrieved from surface sedimentary DNA (sedDNA) of lakes from Siberia and China spanning over a large environmental gradient. <span>Our dataset encompasses sedDNA sequence data of 244 surface lake sediments and 3 soil samples originating from Siberia and Chinese lakes. </span> <span>We used a PCR-based metabarcoding approach combined with Next-Generation Sequencing to assess the modern and local plant diversity in and around the analysed lake localities. </span>As a plant specific metabarcode we applied the established chloroplastidal P6 loop trnL marker for plant diversity assessment. PCR products were sequenced on four independent Illumina sequencing runs (ALRK-7, ALRK-3, AGAK-5 and HQD-2).</p>
The Fuchuan Ophiolite in South China: Evidence for modern-style subduction in the Neoproterozoic?
<p>Datasets to reproduce the figures and conclusions from the Fuchuan ophiolite manuscript.</p>
Figure 8 in Higher-order phylogeny of modern birds (Theropoda, Aves: Neornithes) based on comparative anatomy. II. Analysis and discussion
Figure 8. Molecular phylogenetic trees proposed in previous studies (see Fig. 1 for details), VIII. A, Chubb (2004a); B, Harrison et al. (2004).
Figure 9 in Higher-order phylogeny of modern birds (Theropoda, Aves: Neornithes) based on comparative anatomy. II. Analysis and discussion
Figure 9. Molecular phylogenetic trees proposed in previous studies (see Fig. 1 for details), IX. A, Pereira & Baker (2006a); B, Slack et al. (2006a).
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.