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FIG. 5. — A-O, Loganellia matura n in Ordovician and Lower Silurian thelodonts from Severnaya Zemlya Archipelago (Russia)

FIG. 5. — A-O, Loganellia matura n. sp.; A, B, head scales; C-E, transitional scales; F-M, O, trunk scales; N, fin? scale; A, C, F-H, J-L, N, scales in crown view; B, D, E, M, scales in lateral view; I, a scale in base view; N, posterior half of a trunk? scale in lateral view; A, Pi 7486; B, Pi 7487; C, Pi 7499; D, Pi 7496; E, Pi 7489; F, Pi 7494; G, holotype Pi 7492; H, Pi 7490; I, Pi 7497; J, Pi 7493; K, Pi 7501; L, M, Pi 7495; N, Pi 7485; O, Pi 7500; sample MF 3-8, Srednii Island, Sedov Archipelago, Golomyannyj Formation, middle Llandovery, Lower Silurian; P-S, Thelodus calvus n. sp.; P, LIG 35-907; Q, holotype Pi 7503; R, Pi 7505; S, Pi 7504; P, a scale in crown view; Q, S, in lateral view; R, in base view; P, sample 32a-208; Q-S, sample MF 46-23; Ushakov River, October Revolution Island, Samojlovich Formation, Wenlock, Lower Silurian. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

FIG. 8. — A-I, Paralogania klubovi n in Ordovician and Lower Silurian thelodonts from Severnaya Zemlya Archipelago (Russia)

FIG. 8. — A-I, Paralogania klubovi n. sp.; A, B, head scales; C, transitional scale; D-I, trunk scales; A, B, D-F, H, I, scales in crown view; C, a scale in base view; G, a scale (holotype) in lateral view; A, LIG 35-085; B, LIG 35-086; C, LIG 35-832; D, LIG 35-087; E, LIG 35-833; F, LIG 35-088; G, LIG 35-834; H, LIG 35-835; I, LIG 35-836; J-L, Loganelliidae gen. et sp. indet.; J, scale in crown view; K, posterior part of the same scale; L, enlarged part of left posterior section, LIG 35-089; sample 2zh, Pioneer Island, middle(?) Llandovery, Lower Silurian. Scale bars: 0.1 mm

FIG. 1 in Ordovician and Lower Silurian thelodonts from Severnaya Zemlya Archipelago (Russia)

FIG. 1. — Distribution of thelodonts in the Ordovician to Devonian sections of October Revolution and coeval strata of Srednii (marked with triangles) and Pioneer (marked with stars) islands.

FIG. 13. — Paralogania consimilis n in Ordovician and Lower Silurian thelodonts from Severnaya Zemlya Archipelago (Russia)

FIG. 13. — Paralogania consimilis n. sp., microstructure of the scales; A, B, vertical longitudinal section; A, Pi 7621; B, Pi 7620; C, horizontal section, Pi 7622; sample 46-23, Ushakov River, October Revolution Island, upper part of Samojlovich Formation, Wenlock, Lower Silurian. Abbreviations: lac, lacunae; mpc, main pulp canal; pc, pulp canal; pd, pulp depression; sh, canals of Sharpey's fibres; sp, spine. Scale bar: 0.1 mm.

FIG. 7. — A-S, Shielia multispinata n in Ordovician and Lower Silurian thelodonts from Severnaya Zemlya Archipelago (Russia)

FIG. 7. — A-S, Shielia multispinata n. sp.; A, head scale; B-D, F, transitional scales; E, G-P, trunk scales; Q-S, fin scales; A, B, scales in lateral view; C-N, P, Q, S, scales in crown view; O, a scale in oblique view; R, a scale in base view; A, Pi 7517; B, Pi 7519; C, Pi 7518; D, Pi 7520; E, Pi 7521; F, Pi 6804; G, Pi 7523; H, Pi 7522; I, Pi 7524; J, Pi 7525; K, holotype Pi 6803; L, Pi 6805; M, Pi 6801; N, O, Pi 7526; P, Pi 6802; Q, Pi 7527; R, Pi 7529; S, Pi 7528; sample MF 157-7, Spokojnaya River, October Revolution Island, upper part of Samojlovich Formation, Wenlock, Lower Silurian; T-V, Thelodus? sp., scales in crown view; T, Pi 7516; U, LIG 35 908; V, Pi 6814; T, V, sample MF 46-23; U, sample 32a-208, Ushakov River, October Revolution Island, Samojlovich Formation, Wenlock, Lower Silurian. Scale bars: A-I, K-M, P-V, 0.1 mm; J, N, O, 0.2 mm.

FIG. 4. — Stroinolepis maenniki n. gen., n in Ordovician and Lower Silurian thelodonts from Severnaya Zemlya Archipelago (Russia)

FIG. 4. — Stroinolepis maenniki n. gen., n. sp., microstructure of the scales, Pi 7648, sample MF 49-7, Strojnaya River, October Revolution Island, Ozernaya Formation, Middle-Upper Ordovician. Abbreviations: dt, dentine tubules; lac, lacunae of dentine canals. Scale bar: 0.1 mm.

FIG. 12 in Ordovician and Lower Silurian thelodonts from Severnaya Zemlya Archipelago (Russia)

FIG. 12. — Set of scales of Paralogania consimilis n. sp.; A-E, head scales; F, G, transitional scales; H-P, S, T, W, trunk scales; Q, R, U, V, fin scales; A, LIG 35-149; B, LIG 35-150; C, LIG 35-151; D, LIG 35-152; E, LIG 35-153; F, LIG 35-154; G, LIG 35-155; H, LIG 35-156; I, LIG 35-163; J, K, LIG 35-168; L, LIG 35-169; M, LIG 35-170; N, LIG 35-171; O, LIG 35-172; P, LIG 35-173; Q, R, LIG 35- 174; S, LIG 35-175; T, LIG 35-176; U, LIG 35-177; V, LIG 35-178; W, LIG 35-179; sample 31-208, Ushakov River, October Revolution Island, upper part of Samojlovich Formation, Wenlock, Lower Silurian. Scale bar: 0.3 mm.

FIG. 4. — Drawings made after SEM photos from Figures 2 and 3 in Silurian and Lower Devonian anaspids (Agnatha) from Severnaya Zemlya (Russia)

FIG. 4. — Drawings made after SEM photos from Figures 2 and 3 to illustrate different sculptures of birkeniids of the region; A-C, Birkenia? sp.; D, Birkeniida sp. C; E, G, Birkeniida sp. C1; F, I, Birkeniida sp. C?; H, Birkeniida sp. D; J, Birkeniida sp. F?; K, Birkeniida sp. G; L, Birkeniida sp. H; M, Birkeniida sp. J; N, O, Birkeniida sp. F; A, LIG 35-922; B, LIG 35-918; C, LIG 35-921; D, Pi 7570; E, LIG 35-925; F, LIG 35-929; G, LIG 35-916; H, Pi 7583; I, LIG 35-923; J, LIG 35-924; K, LIG 35-931; L, LIG 35-926; M, Pi 7573; N, LIG 35-919; O, LIG 35-914. A, C, E, I, J, L, N, sample 30-1; B, sample 30, Ushakov River; D, O, sample 157-4; F, sample 47-14, Spokojnaya River, October Revolution Island, lower part of Ust' Spokojnaya Formation, lower Ludlow; G, sample 5d; H, sample 2803; K, sample 8g-1, Pioneer Island, Ludlow; M, sample 157-3, upper part of Ust' Spokojnaya Formation, upper Ludlow, Upper Silurian. Scale bars: A-H, J-N, 0.5 mm; I, O, 0.1 mm.

FIG. 6. — Vilkitskilepis valentinae n. gen., n in Silurian and Lower Devonian anaspids (Agnatha) from Severnaya Zemlya (Russia)

FIG. 6. — Vilkitskilepis valentinae n. gen., n. sp., drawing of the specimen in Fig. 5; A, holotype, LIG 35-909 A, part; B, holotype, LIG 35-909 B, counterpart. Abbreviations: af, anal fin; bb, branchial band; drs, dorsal ridge scales; dls, dorso-lateral scales; pas, preanal spine; pbp, post-branchial plate; pbs, pre-branchial scales; pp?, pectoral plate(?); ps?, pectoral spine?; sps, spiny scales along the ventral mid-line between the pre-anal spine and anal fin; vs, ventral scales; vls, ventro-lateral scales. Scale bar: 1 cm.

FIG. 5. — Vilkitskilepis valentinae n. gen., n in Silurian and Lower Devonian anaspids (Agnatha) from Severnaya Zemlya (Russia)

FIG. 5. — Vilkitskilepis valentinae n. gen., n. sp.; trunk squamation, holotype LIG 35-909, part (A) and counterpart (B); sample 67-12, Pod''emnaya River, October Revolution Island, Severnaya Zemlya Formation, Lochkov, Lower Devonian. Scale bar: 1 cm.

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FIG. 3 in Structure and genesis of the Taukha Mesozoic accretionary prism (southern Sikhote-Alin, Russia)

FIG. 3. — Generalized cross-section of the Taukha terrane and stratigraphic columns. Abbreviations: Er, Erdagouskaya unit; Gr, Gorboushinskaya unit; Sk, Skalistorechenskaya unit.

FIG. 8 in Early Devonian fishes from coastal De Long Strait, central Chukotka, Arctic Russia

FIG. 8. — Acanthothoraci: Palaeacanthaspididae gen. et sp. indet.: A, specimen GIT-580-22; B, specimen GIT 580-25; C, specimen 580-23; D, specimen 580-24. All specimens from locality (sample) 73, Tonnel'nyj Brook, Lower Member (1) of Enmakaj Formation, Lochkovian. Scale bars: A, C, 500 µm; B, 400 µm; D, 200 µm.

FIG. 1 in Early Devonian fishes from coastal De Long Strait, central Chukotka, Arctic Russia

FIG. 1. — Maps indicating the position of the Lower Devonian fish localities at the southern coast of the De Long Strait, Chukchi Autonomous Okrug (A. R.), Arctic far-eastern Russia. 1, Tonnel'nyj Brook; 2, the Coast (Poberezh'e) section. Abbreviations: C, cape; L, lagoon.

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FIG. 4 in Structure and genesis of the lower structural unit of the Samarka Jurassic accretionary prism (Sikhote-Alin, Russia)

FIG. 4. — Cross-sections across the Samarka terrane in the Samarka village (A) and Uborka village (B) areas.

FIG. 11 in Early Devonian fishes from coastal De Long Strait, central Chukotka, Arctic Russia

FIG. 11. — Palaeogeographical reconstruction for the Early Devonian by Cocks & Torsvik (2011: fig. 17, at –400 Ma) with Chukotka (Arctic far-eastern Russia), North-West Territories (NWT) of Canada, Spitsbergen and Severnaya Zemlya as elements of the Arctic Province of Blieck & Janvier (1999: fig. 9.14) in a trans-equatorial location. Captions for physiographic features (in various grey colours, as indicated on left side of the Old Red Sandstone Continent): 1, land; 2, shallow shelf; 3, deep shelf; 4, ocean. Abbreviation: AACM, Arctic Alaska-Chukotka Microcontinent.

FIG. 7 in Early Devonian fishes from coastal De Long Strait, central Chukotka, Arctic Russia

FIG. 7. — Thelodont scales from the Lower Devonian of Chukotka, Arctic far-eastern Russia:A, B, Turinia pagei (Powrie,1870)?, specimens GIT 580-19 (A in antero-lateral view) and 580-16 (B in lateral view); C, D, Turinia sp. cf. T. composita Karatajūtė-Talimaa, 2002, specimens GIT 580-10 (C in crown view) and 580-11 (D in latero-crown view); E, Turinia sp. cf. T. polita Karatajūtė-Talimaa, 1978, specimen GIT 580- 17 in lateral view; F, Turinia sp., specimen GIT 580-12 in crown view; G, H, Nikolivia? sp. cf. N. gutta Karatajūtė-Talimaa, 1978, specimen GIT 580-13 in crown (G) and basal (H) views; I-K, Nikolivia? sp., specimen GIT 580-9 in basal (I), crown (J) and latero-crown (K) views. All specimens from locality (sample) 73,Tonnel'nyj Brook,Lower Member (1) of Enmakaj Formation,Lochkovian.Scale bars: A-C, F, G, 200 µm; D, 250 µm; E, 300 µm; H-K, 100 µm.

FIG. 6 in Early Devonian fishes from coastal De Long Strait, central Chukotka, Arctic Russia

FIG. 6. — Heterostracan microremains from the Lower Devonian of Chukotka, Arctic far-eastern Russia: A, B, Traquairaspididae? gen. et sp. indet., specimen GIT 580-5, from locality (sample) 73, Tonnel'nyj Brook, Lower Member (1) of Enmakaj Formation, Lochkovian; C, Traquairaspididae? gen. et sp. indet., specimen PIN 3845/2, locality 73-4 (74-3), Tonnel'nyj Brook, Lower Member (4) of Pil'hikaj Formation, Lochkovian; D, Lepidaspis? sp., tessera, specimen GIT 580-2, locality 73, same origin as specimen 580-5 (A, B); E, F, Oniscolepis? sp., tesserae, specimens GIT 580-1 (E) and 580-3 (F), locality 73, same origin as specimen 580-5 (A, B); G, H, Poraspididae gen. et sp. indet., fragments of a scale (G) and of a plate (H), specimens GIT 580-4 (G) and 580-7 (H), locality 73, same origin as specimen 580-5 (A, B); I, Heterostraci? indet., tessera (platelet), specimen GIT 580-8, locality 73, same origin as specimen 580-5 (A, B). Scale bars: A, C, 1 mm; B, 100 µm; D, 300 µm; E, G, 500 µm; F, H, I, 200 µm.

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FIG. 2 in Structure and genesis of the lower structural unit of the Samarka Jurassic accretionary prism (Sikhote-Alin, Russia)

FIG. 2. — Location of studied areas. Abbreviations: A, Arsen'evsky; C, Central Sikhote-Alin; M, Meridional; MF, Mishan-Fushung faults.

FIG. 10 in Early Devonian fishes from coastal De Long Strait, central Chukotka, Arctic Russia

FIG. 10. — Porolepis? sp. from the Lower Devonian of Chukotka, Arctic far-eastern Russia, specimen GIT 580-27: A, lateral view; B, dorsolateral view. Locality (sample) 73, Tonnel'nyj Brook, Lower Member (1) of Enmakaj Formation, Lochkovian. Scale bars: 200 µm.

FIG. 4 in Early Devonian fishes from coastal De Long Strait, central Chukotka, Arctic Russia

FIG. 4. — Details of superficial ornamentation of specimen PIN 3845/4. A, B, C, refer to the three areas indicated on Figure 3[4A, 4B, 4C].