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FIG. 7 in The megalopa stage of the hydrothermal vent crab genus Bythograea (Crustacea, Decapoda, Bythograeidae)

FIG. 7. — Megalopa stage of Bythograea, SEM photographs of chela and pereopods: A, anterior (outer) view of left chela; B, higher magnification of same appendage as in A showing details of chelipedal fingers; C, dactylus and distal region of propodus of fifth pereopod (walking leg); D, higher magnification of distal part of dactylus shown in C; note absence of curved serrate setae and serrate spines found in many other brachyuran megalopae. Scale bars: A, 1.0 mm; B, C, 0.5 mm; D, 200 µm.

FIG. 2 in The megalopa stage of the hydrothermal vent crab genus Bythograea (Crustacea, Decapoda, Bythograeidae)

FIG. 2. — Megalopa stage of Bythograea, selected SEM photographs of the carapace: A, anterior two thirds of carapace showing relative size of eyes, setal covering, and central protrusion (arrow); B, dorsal view of right anterolateral region of carapace and right chela; C, higher magnification of central carapace protrusion indicated by arrow in A; D, higher magnification of pappose setae from anterior dorsal region of carapace. Scale bars: A-C, 0.5 mm; D, 100 µm.

FIG. 4 in The megalopa stage of the hydrothermal vent crab genus Bythograea (Crustacea, Decapoda, Bythograeidae)

FIG. 4. — Megalopa stage of Bythograea, second and third maxillipeds: A, second maxilliped, outer view, left side; B, third maxilliped, inner view; C, third maxilliped and gill (detached), outer view. Scale bar: A, c. 1.5 mm; B, C, 2 mm.

FIG. 3 in The megalopa stage of the hydrothermal vent crab genus Bythograea (Crustacea, Decapoda, Bythograeidae)

FIG. 3. — Megalopa stage of Bythograea, mandibles, maxillae, and first maxilliped: A, outer (anterior) view (figure on left) and inner view of right mandible; paragnath shown only in outer view; B, first maxilla (maxillule), left side; C, second maxilla, left side; D, first maxilliped, inner view, left side; E, same appendage as D, outer view; arrow denotes serrate cleaning seta shown at higher magnification in Figure 5C and E. Scale bars: A-D, 1 mm; E not to scale.

FIG. 1 in The megalopa stage of the hydrothermal vent crab genus Bythograea (Crustacea, Decapoda, Bythograeidae)

FIG. 1. — Megalopa larval stage of a vent crab (Bythograea), entire specimen, dorsal view, based on a relatively large (carapace width 7.4 mm,carapace length 6.2 mm) specimen from the Epifanio and Dittel collection from the East Pacific Rise (Alvin Dive 3177). Scale bar: 10 mm.

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FIG. 5 in A new genus and species of barnacle (Cirripedia, Verrucomorpha) associated with vents of the Lau Back-Arc Basin: its gross morphology, inferred first juvenile stage and affinities

FIG. 5. — Jensen's x-juvenile from the Lau Basin, Tonga (Høeg & Newman 1997); A, viewed from the left dorso-lateral; B, left lateral; C, ventral sides, respectively (the shard of chitin extending from the aperture in B and C apparently left over from the last molt). It is a first juvenile of a thoracican cirriped and likely that of Imbricaverruca yamaguchii n. gen. and n. sp.; see Fig. 6 and text for explanation. Abbreviations: A1, first antenna; C, carina; "C", incipient cirri; LS, left scutum; LT, left tergum; RS, right scutum; P, peduncle. Scale bars: 100 µm.

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FIG. 3 in A new genus and species of barnacle (Cirripedia, Verrucomorpha) associated with vents of the Lau Back-Arc Basin: its gross morphology, inferred first juvenile stage and affinities

FIG. 3. — Cirri (right side) and the trophi (appendages from the right side viewed from without, those of the left sides form within) of Imbricaverruca yamaguchii n. gen. and n. sp. (paratype, MNHN Ci2711); A, cirrus I, anterior ramus missing; B, cirrus II, setae omitted from the posterior ramus of the intact cirrus (left) are shown on the excised ramus (right); C, cirrus VI (setae of distal half omitted) and penis (annulations omitted); D, setation of an intermediate segment of outer ramus of cirrus VI (17th article from distal end); E, end of penis enlarged; F, labrum and mandibular palps; G, H, right and left mandible; I, spinous margin of H enlarged; J, K, right and left first maxillae; L, right second maxilla. Scale bars: A-C, 0.5 mm; D, E, 0.15 mm; F-L, 0.2 mm.

Figs 28–31 in Biology and Immature Stages of the Bee Nomioides patruelis (Halictidae: Halictinae: Nomioidini) and of Its Cleptoparasite, Chiasmognathus pashupati (Apidae: Nomadinae: Ammobatini), with a Preliminary Phylogeny of the Halictidae Based on

Figs 28–31. SEM micrographs of pupa of Chiasmognathus pashupati, approximate lateral views. 28. Entire pupa, showing broad distribution of dense spicules. 29. Close-up of left vertical tubercle; note left lateral, nonspiculate ocellus behind tubercle. 30. T3, T4 showing dense spiculation and row of sharply pointed tubercles at posterior margin of each. 31. Apex of metasoma showing widespread spiculation and nonspiculate terminal spine.

Figs 26–27 in Biology and Immature Stages of the Bee Nomioides patruelis (Halictidae: Halictinae: Nomioidini) and of Its Cleptoparasite, Chiasmognathus pashupati (Apidae: Nomadinae: Ammobatini), with a Preliminary Phylogeny of the Halictidae Based on

Figs 26–27. SEM micrographs of pupa of Nomioides patruelis, approximate anterolateral view. 26. Close-up of wing tubercle. 27. Close-up of hind-tibial tubercle.

Figs. 5–9 in Biology and Immature Stages of the Bee Nomioides patruelis (Halictidae: Halictinae: Nomioidini) and of Its Cleptoparasite, Chiasmognathus pashupati (Apidae: Nomadinae: Ammobatini), with a Preliminary Phylogeny of the Halictidae Based on

Figs. 5–9. Immatures of Nomioides patruelis. 5. Egg, lateral view, anterior end at top. 6. Postdefecating larva, lateral view. 7, 8. Head, frontal and lateral views, respectively. 9. Right mandible, outer surface. Scales (5 1.0 mm) refer to figs. 5 and 6, respectively. Atp 5 anterior tentorial pit.

Fig. 1 in Biology and Immature Stages of the Bee Nomioides patruelis (Halictidae: Halictinae: Nomioidini) and of Its Cleptoparasite, Chiasmognathus pashupati (Apidae: Nomadinae: Ammobatini), with a Preliminary Phylogeny of the Halictidae Based on

Fig. 1. Nesting site of Nomioides patruelis, 7.5 mi. east of Gharo, Sind Province, Pakistan. Ian Stuppakoff, in foreground, collecting adults flying over site.

Fig. 4. Cladogram, modified from a in Biology and Immature Stages of the Bee Nomioides patruelis (Halictidae: Halictinae: Nomioidini) and of Its Cleptoparasite, Chiasmognathus pashupati (Apidae: Nomadinae: Ammobatini), with a Preliminary Phylogeny of the Halictidae Based on

Fig. 4. Cladogram, modified from a cladistic analysis by Pesenko (2000: fig. 1), maps phylogenetic events in the evolution of the mature larvae of the Halictidae: (1) Ancestral features: mandibular apex simple; anterior tentorial pit immediately above or laterad to anterior mandibular articulation; labiomaxillary region projecting, well divided into pre- and postmentum; cardo and stipes evident; maxillary and labial palpi projecting papillae; salivary opening transverse, with projecting lips; hypopharyngeal groove probably indicated either by apices of articulating arms of stipites or by posterior margin of premental sclerite if present; paired dorsolateral body tubercles present or absent but, if absent, then most abdominal segments divided into cephalic and caudal annulets; larvae cocoon spinners. (2) Rophitine lineage similar to ancestral ground plan except paired conical dorsolateral body tubercles, if not present in ancestor, now present on most caudal annulets of abdominal segments. Within that lineage (a) cocoon spinning ceased in one place (Conanthalictus) and larval characters associated with cocoon spinning lost and (b) articulating arm of stipes lost presumably more than once (Dufourea, Sphecodosoma, and Conanthalictus). (3) Anterior tentorial pit shifted mesad, so that lateral segment of epistomal ridge lengthened; labiomaxillary region recessed, and pre- and postmentum partly fused; cardo and stipes fading but still weakly evident; labial palpus reduced but evident as small papilla; salivary opening without lips; hypopharyngeal groove complete, consisting of narrow furrow with embedded articulating arms, which are slender and curving toward one another; paired transverse dorsolateral body tubercles, if not present in ancestor, present on caudal annulet of most abdominal segments;

Figs. 12–16. Postdefecating larva Chiasmognathus pashupati. 12. Entire larva, lateral view. 13 in Biology and Immature Stages of the Bee Nomioides patruelis (Halictidae: Halictinae: Nomioidini) and of Its Cleptoparasite, Chiasmognathus pashupati (Apidae: Nomadinae: Ammobatini), with a Preliminary Phylogeny of the Halictidae Based on

Figs. 12–16. Postdefecating larva Chiasmognathus pashupati. 12. Entire larva, lateral view. 13. Apex of abdomen, lateral view 14, 15. Head, frontal and lateral views, respectively. 16. Right mandible outer, surface.

Figs. 10, 11 in Biology and Immature Stages of the Bee Nomioides patruelis (Halictidae: Halictinae: Nomioidini) and of Its Cleptoparasite, Chiasmognathus pashupati (Apidae: Nomadinae: Ammobatini), with a Preliminary Phylogeny of the Halictidae Based on

Figs. 10, 11. SEM micrographs of anterior end of egg of Nomioides patruelis and close-up of micropyle, respectively.

Figs. 2, 3 in Biology and Immature Stages of the Bee Nomioides patruelis (Halictidae: Halictinae: Nomioidini) and of Its Cleptoparasite, Chiasmognathus pashupati (Apidae: Nomadinae: Ammobatini), with a Preliminary Phylogeny of the Halictidae Based on

Figs. 2, 3. Brood cells of Nomioides patruelis. 2. Front end of cell, inner view, showing deeply concave spiral cell closure; line demarking closure diameter 5 1.5 mm. 3. Approximate longitudinal view with front end at left. Note slight shine of lining on cell wall at left and feces piled on wall at rear end of cell; line demarking cell diameter 5 ca. 2.5 mm.

Figs. 21–25 in Biology and Immature Stages of the Bee Nomioides patruelis (Halictidae: Halictinae: Nomioidini) and of Its Cleptoparasite, Chiasmognathus pashupati (Apidae: Nomadinae: Ammobatini), with a Preliminary Phylogeny of the Halictidae Based on

Figs. 21–25. SEM micrographs of pupa of Nomioides patruelis, approximate anterolateral view. 21. Anterior part of pupa with numbers referring to close-ups in figs. 22–25. 22. Close-up of frons and vertex. 23. Close-up of anterior mesoscutal tubercles. 24. Close-up of mesocutellar, axillary, and metanotal tubercles. 25. Close-up of tegular tubercle.

Figs. 17–20. 17, 18 in Biology and Immature Stages of the Bee Nomioides patruelis (Halictidae: Halictinae: Nomioidini) and of Its Cleptoparasite, Chiasmognathus pashupati (Apidae: Nomadinae: Ammobatini), with a Preliminary Phylogeny of the Halictidae Based on

Figs. 17–20. 17, 18. Diagrams of pupa of Nomioides patruelis, lateral view, entire pupa (with tergal tubercle enlargement), and front end of pupa, dorsal view, respectively. 19, 20. Diagrams of front end of pupa of Chiasmognathus pashupati, dorsal view, and of entire pupa, lateral view, respectively. Scale (5 1.0 mm) refers to all figures.

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Fig. 92 in Investigations on the Biologies and Immature Stages of the Cleptoparasitic Bee Genera Radoszkowskiana and Coelioxys and Their Megachile Hosts (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Megachilidae: Megachilini)

Fig. 92. Extended variable-pressure SEM micrograph of face of postdefecating larva of Megachile nigripes, oblique frontal view showing salivary lips normally closed in contrast to lips on specimen that has been subjected to critical point drying, for example, figs. 94–98.

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Figs. 83–88 in Investigations on the Biologies and Immature Stages of the Cleptoparasitic Bee Genera Radoszkowskiana and Coelioxys and Their Megachile Hosts (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Megachilidae: Megachilini)

Figs. 83–88. SEM micrographs of the postdefecating larva of Coelioxys coturnix. 83. Head, lateral view, showing strongly curved profile of cranium. 84. Antennal papilla, lateral view. 85. Salivary lips from above. 86. Close-up of inner surface of lower lip identified by rectangle in fig. 85. 87. Salivary lips, frontal view. 88. Close-up of inner surface of upper lip, identified by rectangle in fig. 87.