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3,709 results for “urbanization.”
Nectar values from: Turnover in floral composition explains species diversity and temporal stability in the nectar supply of urban residential gardens
<p>Residential gardens are a valuable habitat for insect pollinators worldwide, but differences in individual gardening practices substantially affect their floral composition. It is important to understand how the floral resource supply of gardens varies in both space and time so we can develop evidence-based management recommendations to support pollinator conservation in towns and cities.</p> <p>We surveyed 59 residential gardens in the city of Bristol, UK, at monthly intervals from March to October. For each of 472 garden surveys, we combined floral abundances with nectar sugar data to quantify the nectar production of each garden, investigating the magnitude, temporal stability, and diversity and composition of garden nectar supplies.</p> <p>We found that individual gardens differ markedly in the quantity of nectar sugar they supply (from 2 g to 1662 g), and nectar production is higher in more affluent neighbourhoods, but not in larger gardens. Nectar supply peaks in July (mid-summer), when more plant taxa are in flower, but temporal patterns vary among individual gardens. At larger spatial scales, temporal variability averages out through the portfolio effect, meaning insect pollinators foraging across many gardens in urban landscapes have access to a relatively stable and continuous supply of nectar through the year.</p> <p>Turnover in species composition among gardens leads to an extremely high overall plant richness, with 636 taxa recorded flowering. The nectar supply is dominated by non-natives, which provide 91% of all nectar sugar, while shrubs are the main plant life form contributing to nectar production (58%). Two thirds of nectar sugar is only available to relatively specialised pollinators, leaving just one third that is accessible to all.</p> <p><i>Synthesis and applications</i>. By measuring nectar supply in residential gardens, our study demonstrates that pollinator-friendly management, affecting garden quality, is more important than the size of a garden, giving every gardener an opportunity to contribute to pollinator conservation in urban areas. For gardeners interested in increasing the value of their land to foraging pollinators we recommend planting nectar-rich shrubs with complementary flowering periods and prioritising flowers with an open structure in late summer and autumn.</p>
Data from: Turnover in floral composition explains species diversity and temporal stability in the nectar supply of urban residential gardens
<p>Residential gardens are a valuable habitat for insect pollinators worldwide, but differences in individual gardening practices substantially affect their floral composition. It is important to understand how the floral resource supply of gardens varies in both space and time so we can develop evidence-based management recommendations to support pollinator conservation in towns and cities.</p> <p>We surveyed 59 residential gardens in the city of Bristol, UK, at monthly intervals from March to October. For each of 472 garden surveys, we combined floral abundances with nectar sugar data to quantify the nectar production of each garden, investigating the magnitude, temporal stability, and diversity and composition of garden nectar supplies.</p> <p>We found that individual gardens differ markedly in the quantity of nectar sugar they supply (from 2 g to 1662 g), and nectar production is higher in more affluent neighbourhoods, but not in larger gardens. Nectar supply peaks in July (mid-summer), when more plant taxa are in flower, but temporal patterns vary among individual gardens. At larger spatial scales, temporal variability averages out through the portfolio effect, meaning insect pollinators foraging across many gardens in urban landscapes have access to a relatively stable and continuous supply of nectar through the year.</p> <p>Turnover in species composition among gardens leads to an extremely high overall plant richness, with 636 taxa recorded flowering. The nectar supply is dominated by non-natives, which provide 91% of all nectar sugar, while shrubs are the main plant life form contributing to nectar production (58%). Two thirds of nectar sugar is only available to relatively specialised pollinators, leaving just one third that is accessible to all.</p> <p><i>Synthesis and applications</i>. By measuring nectar supply in residential gardens, our study demonstrates that pollinator-friendly management, affecting garden quality, is more important than the size of a garden, giving every gardener an opportunity to contribute to pollinator conservation in urban areas. For gardeners interested in increasing the value of their land to foraging pollinators we recommend planting nectar-rich shrubs with complementary flowering periods and prioritising flowers with an open structure in late summer and autumn.</p>
TXRF and TXRF-XANES data for characterization of unique aerosol pollution episodes in urban areas
<p>The dataset contains the raw data for elemental composition and copper/bromine speciation determined in size-fractionated aerosol particles sampled by a May-type cascade impactor. </p> <p>These data are related to the journal article <strong>Characterization of unique aerosol pollution episodes in urban areas using TXRF and TXRF-XANES </strong>by Otto Czömpöly, Endre Börcsök, Veronika Groma, Simone Pollastri and Janos Osan, published in Atmospheric Pollution Research Volume 12, Issue 11, November 2021, 101214. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apr.2021.101214">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apr.2021.101214</a></p> <p>The elemental composition data were produced by total-reflection X-ray Spectrometry (TXRF) at Centre for Energy Research, Budapest, Hungary. </p> <p>The file "TXRF.zip" contains raw spectra as "*.spe", fitting results as "*.asr", calibration file "aer_mo.cal" and calculated elemental masses along the 20-mm stripe samples as "*.apr", all as text files in AXIL/QXAS format.</p> <p>The copper and bromine speciation data were produced by X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) recorded in the TXRF detection mode at the XRF beamline of Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, Italy.</p> <p>The file "XANES.zip" contains average XANES spectra of several energy scans for each sample as "*.xmu" and linear combination fitting results as "*.lcf", all as text files in Athena/Ifeffit format.</p> <p>The files are grouped in folders related to aerosol particles collected during the five pollution episodes (A-E) and near pollution sources as presented in the publication. The digit following the sample number denotes the impactor stage number (3-9), numbered from large (4.5-8.9 um) to small (70-180 nm) particle fractions. </p>
SESMG model scenarios of the study "Indicators for the optimization of sustainable urban energy systems based on energy system modeling"
<p>This folder contains the model scenarios belonging to the publication "<strong>Indicators for the optimization of sustainable urban energy systems based on energy system modeling</strong>" (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/s13705-021-00323-3">https://doi.org/10.1186/s13705-021-00323-3</a>).</p> <p>The individual scenarios can be executed and evaluated with the <strong>Spreadsheet Energy System Model Generator (<a href="https://github.com/chrklemm/SESMG">SESMG</a>)</strong> <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5412027">v0.0.4</a>, respectively <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5520513">v0.2.0</a>.</p> <p>The file names are to be understood as follows:</p> <p><em>"scenario name"_"(dispatch) optimization criterion"_"scenario concretization"_"further scenario concretization"_"associated program version"</em>.xlsx.</p> <p>For example, the title name "<em>Scenario3_C_4MW_Biogas_SESMGv0.0.4.xlsx</em>" contains the following information:<br> - This file belongs to scenario 3 (see main publication for details).<br> - Dispatch optimized according to energy costs C (see main publication for details).<br> - The scenario contains 4 MW biogas CHP capacity (see main publication for details)<br> - The scenario is to be executed with SESMG version v0.0.4.</p> <p>Another example. The title name "<em>optimization_C_80PercentDemand_70PercentEmissions_SESMGv0.1.1.xlsx</em>" contains the following information:<br> - This file belongs to the optimization scenario (see main publication for details).<br> - The primary optimization criterion is energy costs C (see main publication for details).<br> - Energy demand was capped at 80 percent and emissions at 70 percent of baseline (see main publication for details)<br> - The scenario is to be executed with SESMG version v0.1.1.<br> </p> <p><strong>Acknowledgements:</strong></p> <p>The authors would like to thank Prof. Dr. Peter Vennemann (Münster University of Applied Sciences) for the constructive discussion regarding this article. This research has been conducted within the R2Q project, funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) - grant number 033W102A and the junior research group energy sufficiency funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) as part of its Social-Ecological Research funding priority, funding number 01UU2004A. </p>
Flood retention lakes in a rural-urban catchment: how can they be better used for flood mitigation?
<p>This data package is companion to the research paper of the same title. It includes details of frequency analysis and event design, event-based numerical calibration results, simulated performances of retention lakes at specific locations and maximum inundation maps.</p>
Data from: Predicting habitat suitability and connectivity for management and conservation of urban wildlife: A real-time web application for grassland water voles
<ol> <li>Natural habitats in urban areas provide benefits for both humans and biodiversity. However, to achieve biodiversity gains we require new techniques to determine habitat suitability and ecological connectivity that will inform urban planning and development.</li> <li>Using an example of an urban population of water voles (<i>Arvicola amphibius</i>) we developed a habitat suitability model and a resistance-surface-based model of landscape connectivity to identify potential connectivity between areas of suitable habitat. We then updated the environmental variables according to new urban development plans and used our models to generate spatially explicit predictions of both habitat suitability and connectivity.</li> <li>To make models accessible to urban and conservation planners we developed an interactive mapping tool that provided users with a graphical user interface (GUI) to inform conservation planning for this species.</li> <li>The model found that habitat suitability for water voles was related to distance from key environmental variables, such as built-up areas and urban green spaces, while the connectivity model identified important corridors connecting areas of potential distribution for this species.</li> <li>Future development plans altered the potential spatial distribution of the water vole population, reducing the extent of suitable habitat in some core areas. The interactive mapping tool made available suitable habitat and connectivity maps for conservation managers to assess new planning applications and for the development of a conservation action plan for water voles.</li> <li>Synthesis and applications: We believe this approach provides a framework for future development of nature conservation tools that can be used by planners to inform ecological decision making, increase biodiversity and reduce human-wildlife conflict in urban environments.</li> </ol>
Survey Data Results for Project Strategies for Mitigating Congestion in Small Urban and Rural Areas
<p>File contains the Survey Data Results for Project Strategies for Mitigating Congestion in Small Urban and Rural Areas.</p> <p>Row 1 is the question number.</p> <p>Row 2 is the question.</p> <p>Remaining Rows are individual survey responses.</p>
Data from: Landscape context and substrate characteristics shape fungal communities of dead spruce in urban and semi-natural forests
<p>Data from:</p> <p>Korhonen, A., Miettinen, O., Kotze, D.J., & Hamberg, L. (2022). Landscape context and substrate characteristics shape fungal communities of dead spruce in urban and semi-natural forests. Environmental Microbiology. DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15903</p> <p>This dataset contains occurrence data of 475 fungal ITS2 sequence clusters (OTUs) across 360 sequenced samples originating from dead wood of Norway spruce (<em>Picea abies</em>). Wood samples were collected from 90 downed spruce trunks, at four points from each trunk. Trunks were at intermediate stages of decay and located in spruce-dominated stands in 24 urban forests (66 trunks) and in 8 rural semi-natural forests (24 trunks) in southern Finland. The data consists of an OTU table (sequence read counts in each sample) and sample metadata (locality information, trunk characteristics and environmental variables).</p>
Dataset used in the study "Residential buildings real estate values linked to summer surface thermal anomaly patterns and urban features: the Florence (Italy) case study."
<p>This dataset repository includes eight raster layers (Reference System EPSG:3035 - ETRS89-extended / LAEA Europe), used in the study "Residential buildings real estate values linked to summer surface thermal anomaly patterns and urban features: the Florence (Italy) case study", and obtained by the adaptation of analyses carried out by previous studies (Morabito et al., 2021; Guerri et al., 2021; 2022).</p> <p>Further information regarding the source, study period, and horizontal resolution is available in the attached text file. </p> <p> </p> <p><strong><em>References</em></strong></p> <p>Guerri, G., Crisci, A., Congedo, L., Munafò, M., Morabito, M., <strong>2022</strong>. A functional seasonal thermal hot-spot classification: Focus on industrial sites. Science of The Total Environment 806, 151383.<a href="http://https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151383"> https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151383</a>.</p> <p>Guerri, G., Crisci, A., Messeri, A., Congedo, L., Munafò, M., Morabito, M., <strong>2021</strong>. Thermal Summer Diurnal Hot-Spot Analysis: The Role of Local Urban Features Layers. Remote Sensing 13, 538. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13030538">https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13030538</a>.</p> <p>Morabito, M., Crisci, A., Guerri, G., Messeri, A., Congedo, L., Munafò, M., <strong>2021</strong>. Surface Urban Heat Islands in Italian Metropolitan Cities: Tree Cover and Impervious Surface Influences. Science of The Total Environment 751, 142334. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142334">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142334</a>.</p>
Variable freshwater influences on the abundance of vibrio vulnificus in a tropical urban estuary
<p>Our data illustrate that, in the absence of strong seasonal variation in water temperature in the tropics, variation in salinity driven by rainfall becomes a primary controlling variable on V. vulnificus abundance. There is thus a tendency for a rainfall-driven seasonal cycle in V. vulnificus abundance which is inverted from the temperature-driven seasonal cycle at higher latitudes.</p>
A framework to identify priority wetland habitats and movement corridors for urban amphibian conservation
<p>Core corridors: derived from Circuitscape modeling results -top 50% of wood frog, boreal chorus frog and tiger salamander results converted to binary value and summed to produce core corridors (probable movement for 2-3 amphibian species). <br> <br> To derive core corridors, we summed connectivity models for three amphibian species. For each species we derived focal nodes from high habitat value (based on HSI modelling), used three resistance scenarios and summed the three scenarios for each species to represent probable movement pathways between focal nodes. Species connectivity models were then classified to top 50% of the model, and converted to a binary value of 0 to 1. The three species were summed where by values 0-3 represent number of amphibian species the corridor probably supports movement. </p>
A framework to identify priority wetland habitats and movement corridors for urban amphibian conservation - Raw Data
<p>Call of the Wetland Program observation data reported by citizen scientists at wetlands in the City of Calgary during three amphibian seasons from 2017 to 2019. Wetlands were surveyed up to 11 times per season and participants reported observations to a smartphone application – where they documented species, and type of observation (eggs, adult, juvenile, tadpole or call). Participants also recorded when they participated in a survey and there were no observations. Observations associated without a site ID represent opportunistic observations at non-survey wetlands. This data was used to validate habitat suitability models derived from the occupancy modeling results. <br> <br> Survey wetland location shapefile (centroid point of wetland) also included. </p>
uDALES 1.0: a large-eddy-simulation model for urban environments
<p>Data accompanying the GMD article 'uDALES 1.0: a large-eddy-simulation model for urban environments'</p> <p>https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2021-255</p> <p>1) Figures shown in the manuscript</p> <p>2) Input to rerun the presented cases in uDALES</p> <p>3) Model output and Matlab scripts to recreate the figures</p>
Dataset for "Size-dependence of Aerosol Iron Solubility in an Urban Atmosphere"
<p>Online PM concentration/weather condition and offline aerosol composition data for the study of "size-dependence of aerosol iron solubility in an urban atmosphere".</p>
Breeding in the pandemic: Short-term lockdown restrictions in a European capital city did not alter the life-history traits of two urban adapters
<p><span>Humans are transforming natural habitats into managed urban green areas and impervious surfaces at an unprecedented pace. Yet the effects of human presence <em>per se</em> on animal life-history traits are rarely tested. This is particularly true in cities, where human presence is often indissociable from urbanisation itself. The onset of the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, along with the resulting lockdown restrictions, offered a unique, "natural experiment" context to investigate wildlife responses to a sudden reduction of human activities. We analysed four years of avian breeding data collected in a European capital city to test whether lockdown measures altered nestbox occupancy and life-history traits in terms of egg-laying date, incubation duration, and clutch size in two urban adapters: great tits (<em>Parus major</em>) and blue tits (<em>Cyanistes caeruleus</em>). Lockdown measures, which modulated human presence, did not influence any of the life-history traits investigated. In contrast, tree cover, a distinct ecological attribute of the urban space, was positively associated with clutch size, a key avian life-history, and reproductive trait. This highlights the importance of habitat quality/ inter-year variation over human activity on the reproduction of urban wildlife. We discuss our results in light of other urban wildlife studies carried out during the pandemic, inviting the scientific community to carefully interpret all lockdown-associated shifts in biological traits.</span></p>
Data set for "Local and landscape correlates of coccinellid species richness, abundance, and assemblage change along a rural–urban gradient in Quintana Roo, Mexico."
<p>Data set for original article "Local and landscape correlates of coccinellid species richness, abundance, and assemblage change along a rural–urban gradient in Quintana Roo, Mexico"<strong> </strong>accepted at Biotropica.</p> <p>We studied changes in coccinellid assemblage composition, diversity, species richness and abundance in domestic gardens along a rural to urban gradient in southeastern Mexico, and identified local and lanscape variables that determine their species richness and abundance. </p>
THE WHOLE IS OTHER THAN THE SUM OF ITS PARTS: SENSIBILITY ANALYSIS OF 360° URBAN IMAGE SPLITTING
<p>Code and data for the paper THE WHOLE IS OTHER THAN THE SUM OF ITS PARTS: SENSIBILITY ANALYSIS OF 360° URBAN IMAGE SPLITTING - B. Beaucamp, T. Leduc, V. Tourre, M. Servières</p>
SiEUGreen_Dataset_for_Monitoring_the_contribution_of_urban_agriculture_to_urban_sustainability:_an_indicator-based_framework
<p>The data was collected for scientific publication: Tapia, C., Randall, L., Wang, S.; Borges, L. A. (2021): Monitoring the contribution of urban agriculture to urban sustainability: an indicator-based framework. <em>Sustainable Cities and Society</em>. In press, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2021.103130">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2021.103130</a></p> <p>This dataset includes the data from the survey in Brabrand Fallaesgartneriet, which is the study case reported in the article.</p>
Fig. 4 in Landuse Patterns, Air Quality And Bird Diversity In Urban Landscapes Of Delhi
Fig. 4. Variation in abundance of foraging guilds (%) of birds among different sampling sites.
Fig. 1 in Landuse Patterns, Air Quality And Bird Diversity In Urban Landscapes Of Delhi
Fig. 1. Map of Delhi showing location of sampling sites.
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.