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1,121 results for “weathering”
Data archive for paper "WRF‐TEB: Implementation and Evaluation of the Coupled Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) and Town Energy Balance (TEB) Model"
<p><strong>WRF-TEB data archive</strong></p> <p>This archive contains data and tools to reproduce results as included in <a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2019ms001961">Meyer et al. (2020)</a>.</p> <p><strong>Prerequisites</strong></p> <ul> <li><a href="https://sylabs.io/">Singularity</a> version >= 3.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Usage</strong></p> <p>To run all models and plotting scripts included in integration test and meteorological evaluation, run the following command from your command-line interface.</p> <pre><code>NPROC=8 TYPE=evaluate tools/singularity/run.sh</code></pre> <p>where <code>NPROC=8</code> is the maximum number of processes to use. The output can be found in the <code>work/</code> folder.</p> <p><strong>HPC</strong></p> <p>If you want to use this in an HPC environment, use <code>tools/hpc</code> as a template. As an example, to run the evaluation on Imperial HPC using PBS (Portable Batch System), use:</p> <pre><code>qsub -v REPO_ROOT=$(pwd),TYPE=evaluate tools/hpc/job_imperial.sh</code></pre> <p><strong>Copyright and License</strong></p> <p>Copyright and licensing information are included at the top of source files or as separate files in folders.</p> <p><strong>References</strong></p> <p>Meyer, D., Schoetter, R., Riechert, M., Verrelle, A., Tewari, M., Dudhia, J., Masson, V., Reeuwijk, M., & Grimmond, S. (2020). WRF‐TEB: implementation and evaluation of the coupled Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) and Town Energy Balance (TEB) model. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2019ms001961">https://doi.org/10.1029/2019ms001961</a></p>
JRC Phased Array Weather Radar Data (Spherical Coordinates): Oct-12-2019
<p>These datasets were obtained by an X-band phased array weather radar operated by Japan Radio Co., Ltd. during a period from 0759 to 0810 local standard time on October 12, 2019. The data type is NetCDF and variables are radar reflectivity and Doppler velocity in spherical coordinates.</p>
Data from: Habitat loss and thermal tolerances influence the sensitivity of resident bird populations to winter weather at regional scales
<p>1. Climate change and habitat loss pose the greatest contemporary threats to biodiversity, but their impacts on populations largely vary across species. These differential responses could be caused by complex interactions between landscape and climate change and species-specific sensitivities.</p> <p>2. Understanding the factors that determine which species are most vulnerable to the synergistic effects of climate change and habitat loss is a high conservation priority. Here, we ask (a) whether and to what extent land cover moderates the impacts of winter weather on population dynamics of wintering birds, and (b) what role species' physiology might play in modifying their responses to changing weather conditions.</p> <p>3. To address these questions, we used thousands of observations collected by citizen scientists participating in Project FeederWatch to build dynamic occupancy models for 14 species of wintering birds.</p> <p>4. Populations of wintering birds were more dynamic, having higher rates of local extinction and colonization, in more forested landscapes during extreme cold – presumably enabling them to better track resources. However, urban areas appeared to provide refuge for some species, as demonstrated by increased local colonization during the harshest winter weather. Lastly, we found that species-specific differences in thermal tolerances strongly influenced occupancy dynamics such that species that are less cold-tolerant were more likely to go locally extinct at colder sites and during colder periods throughout winter.</p> <p>5. Together, our results suggest species that are less cold-tolerant and populations occupying less forested landscapes are most vulnerable to extreme winter weather. 11-Jun-2020</p>
Smaller brained cliff swallows are more likely to die during harsh weather
<p>The cognitive-buffer hypothesis proposes that more harsh and unpredictable environments favor animals with larger brains and resulting greater cognitive skills. Comparisons across taxa have supported the hypothesis, but it has rarely been tested within a species. We measured brain size, as inferred from head dimensions, for 1141 cliff swallow specimens collected in western Nebraska, 1982-2018. Cliff swallows starving to death during unusual late-spring cold snaps had significantly smaller brains than those dying from other causes, suggesting that brain size in this species can affect foraging success and that greater cognitive ability may confer advantages when conditions exceed normal environmental extremes. Brain size declined significantly with the size of the breeding colony from which a specimen came. Larger brains may be favored in smaller colonies that represent more unpredictable and more challenging social environments where there is less public information on food sources and less collective vigilance against predators. Our results provide intraspecific support for the cognitive-buffer hypothesis and emphasize the potential evolutionary impact of rare climatic events.</p>
Codes and datasets associated with the paper "Day-ahead Wind Power Predictions at Regional Scales: Post-processing Operational Weather Forecasts with a Hybrid Neural Network"
<p>The jupyter notebooks and datasets associated with the EEM20 forecasts are available here. More details will be provided shortly. </p> <p>Please check the EEM20 website (<a href="https://eem20.eu/forecasting-competition/">https://eem20.eu/forecasting-competition/</a>) for the details of the forecasting competition. </p>
Figure 1 in Investigating the influence of habitat type and weather conditions on the population dynamics of land snails Vertigo angustior Jeffreys, 1830 and Vertigo moulinsiana (Dupuy, 1849). A case study from western Poland
Figure 1. (A) Precipitation in the studied sites in consecutive months of 2008; dashed bars – sampling months. (B) and (C) Abundance of individuals: juveniles (white bars) and adults (black bars) of Vertigo angustior (B) and Vertigo moulinsiana (C) in each sampling event in the Ilanka and Pliszka sites in 2008.
Weather effects on nestling survival of great tits vary according to the developmental stage
<p class="CxSpFirst">Organisms change breeding investments as a function of the environment, thereby maximizing reproductive success. Climate change studies of avian life-history have long focused on plasticity of laying dates and clutch sizes in response to weather conditions prior to clutch initiation. By contrast, effects of unpredictable weather events occurring after initial reproductive decisions are made have largely been ignored, despite becoming increasingly important with ongoing climate change. We studied the detrimental effects of fluctuations in temperature and precipitation during various nesting phases of great tits (<em>Parus major</em>), identifying the developmental age windows where weather fluctuations affected hatching, nestling mass and fledging success. We used a longitudinal (8-year) dataset of great tits breeding in next boxes in southern Germany and applied a recently introduced explorative approach that does not require a priori assumptions on the time windows (range of ages) over which weather may affect reproductive parameters. Lower temperatures and higher precipitation during the nestling phase negatively affected nestling mass and survival: nestlings between the ages 6-9 days were most susceptible to this form of variation in weather. Effects of weather did not differ between years, i.e., there was no evidence for 'good' versus 'bad' years. Future research should focus on the mechanisms underpinning effects of weather on nestling growth and survival in other populations and consider whether age-dependent weather consequences occur in a wide variety of taxa, as specific developmental stages may serve as weak spots in a scenario of increasing recurrence of weather extremes.</p>
Relevant data for publication "Ecosystem responses to powdered rock magnify carbon dioxide removal by enhanced weathering"
<p>Enhanced weathering simulation with ORCHIDEE-CNP.</p>
First weather radar campaign over Lima, Peru
<p>The first weather radar campaign over Lima, the capital of Peru, a desertic area on the western side of the Peruvian Andes, was carried out to study the occurrence of rain events in summer 2018. The weather radar was installed strategically and was able to overlook three river basins: Rimac, Chillón, and Lurin.</p> <p>An X-band radar (PX-1000) was used, which operates at 9.55 GHz. PX-1000 was built by the Advanced Radar Research Center (ARRC) at the University of Oklahoma (U.S.A.).</p> <p>The radar operated from January 26<sup>th</sup> to April 1<sup>st</sup>, 2018, at Cerro Suche located 2910 m ASL and 55 km from the city of Lima. The PX-1000 performed plan-position-indicators (PPI) for elevations starting at 0° up to 20°. The data presented here were obtained using a three-dimensional constant-altitude plan-position-indicator (3D CAPPI), which was generated by high resolution (250 m) nearest point algorithm.</p> <p> </p> <p>The repository ULR:</p> <p>https://scah.igp.gob.pe/sites/datos/PX1000/</p> <p> </p> <p>This repository is part of the Atmospheric Microphysics And Radiation Laboratory (LAMAR),</p> <p>Huancayo Observatory (12.0S, 75.3W, 3113 m ASL) (https://scah.igp.gob.pe/laboratorios/lamar)</p>
Data from: Mountain Plover habitat selection and nest survival in relation to weather variability and spatial attributes of Black-tailed Prairie Dog disturbance
<p>Habitat loss and altered disturbance regimes have led to declines in many species of grassland and sagebrush birds, including the imperiled Mountain Plover (<i>Charadrius montanus</i>). In certain parts of their range Mountain Plovers rely almost exclusively on Black-Tailed Prairie Dog (<i>Cynomys ludovicianus</i>) colonies as nesting habitat. Previous studies have examined Mountain Plover nest and brood survival on prairie dog colonies, but little is known about how colony size and shape influence these vital rates or patterns of habitat selection. We examined how 1) adult habitat utilization, 2) nest-site selection, and 3) nest success responded to a suite of local- and site-level variables on large prairie dog colony complexes in northeastern Wyoming. Abundance of adult Mountain Plovers was highest on points within older, "medium"-sized (100–500 ha) colonies with high cover of annual forbs and bare ground (5.8 birds/km<sup>2</sup>), but lower on extremely large (>2000 ha) colonies (2.1 birds/km<sup>2</sup>). Nest sites were characterized by high proportions of annual forbs and bare ground and low cactus cover and vegetation height. Nest survival was higher for older nests, and nests with lower cactus cover, and decreased with increasing temperatures. Uncertainty was high for models of daily nest survival, potentially because of two competing sources of nest failure: nest depredation and nest abandonment or inviability of eggs. Drivers of these two sources of nest failure differed, with inclement weather and higher temperatures associated with nest abandonment or egg inviability. We highlight how prairie dogs alter vegetation structure and bare ground heterogeneously across the landscape, and how this in turn influences bird abundance and nest distribution at different temporal and spatial scales. Furthermore, our work reveals how partitioning the causes of nest failure during nest survival analyses enhances understanding of survival rate covariates.</p>
Data from: Predicting bird-window collisions with weather radar
<p>This is the data archive for all recorded bird species and carcass counts used to predict bird window collisions using weather radar in Stillwater, Oklahoma.</p>
Data from: Maternal allocation in relation to weather, predation, and social factors in a colonial cooperative bird
<p>Females may adjust prenatal allocation in relation to ecological conditions that affect reproductive success, such as weather conditions or predation risk. In cooperative breeders, helpers might also influence reproductive success and previous studies suggest that females can lay smaller eggs or larger clutches when breeding with more helpers. Although recent work suggests that helper effects can vary according to climatic variables, how social and ecological factors interact to shape prenatal allocation is poorly understood.</p> <p>Here, we examine how ecological and social components of the breeding environment co-vary with egg mass and clutch size, using as a model the sociable weaver (Philetairus socius), a colonial, cooperatively breeding passerine. The study spanned 9 years and included over 1900 eggs from over 550 clutches. Our analyses combined natural variation in weather conditions (rainfall before each reproductive event) with a nest predator-exclusion experiment and continuous monitoring of the mother's social environment, allowing us to estimate how individual females adjust allocation to reproduction as their number of helpers varies.</p> <p>We found that egg mass varied consistently within females and did not clearly differ in relation to rainfall or predation risk. Contrary to previous studies, there was no evidence for plastic adjustments as females gained and lost helpers and egg mass was instead better predicted by mother size and identity.</p> <p>Females laid larger clutches when breeding in environments where predation risk was experimentally reduced and after higher rainfall levels. Yet, there was no evidence for increasing clutch size as the number of helpers increased, nor for an interaction between helper effects and ecological factors.</p> <p>We conclude that while sociable weaver females can vary their clutch size, they show high individual consistency in egg mass. In addition, we found no evidence that females may maximise fitness through plastic prenatal allocation in relation to the number of helpers, or that the presence/absence of helper effects is modulated by rainfall levels or predation risk. These results challenge our current knowledge on some of the possible benefits of breeding with helpers and call for more long-term analyses on reproductive allocation adjustments in other cooperative systems.</p>
Data from: Spring weather conditions influence breeding phenology and reproductive success in sympatric bat populations.
1. Climate is known to influence breeding phenology and reproductive success in temperate zone bats, but long-term population level studies and interspecific comparisons are rare. 2. Investigating the extent to which intrinsic (i.e. age), and extrinsic (i.e. spring weather conditions), factors influence such key demographic parameters as the proportion of females becoming pregnant, or completing lactation, each breeding season, is vital to understanding of bat population ecology and life-history traits. 3. Using data from twelve breeding seasons (2006 - 2017), encompassing the reproductive histories of 623 Myotis daubentonii and 436 M. nattereri adult females, we compare rates of recruitment to the breeding population, and show that these species differ in their relative sensitivity to environmental conditions and climatic variation, affecting annual reproductive success at the population level. 4. We demonstrate that i) Spring weather conditions influence breeding phenology, with warm, dry and calm conditions leading to earlier parturition dates and advanced juvenile development, whilst cold, wet and windy weather delays birth timing and juvenile growth, ii) Reproductive rates in first-year females are influenced by spring weather conditions in that breeding season and in the preceding breeding season when each cohort was born. Pregnancy and lactation rates were both higher when favourable spring foraging conditions were more prevalent, iii) Reproductive success increases with age in both species, but at different rates, iv) Reproductive rates were consistently higher, and showed less inter-annual variation, in second-year and older M. daubentonii (mean 91.55% ± 0.05 SD) than M. nattereri (mean 72.74% ± 0.15 SD), v) Estimates of reproductive success at the population level were highly correlated with the size of the juvenile cohort recorded each breeding season. 5. Improving understanding of the influence of environmental conditions, especially extreme climatic fluctuations, and the identification of critical periods (i.e. spring for reproductive female bats in temperate zones), which have disproportionate and lasting impacts on breeding phenology and reproductive success at a population level, is critical for improving predictions of the likely impact of climate change on bat populations.
Data from: The influence of weather conditions during gestation on life histories in a wild Arctic ungulate
The internal predictive adaptive response (internal PAR) hypothesis predicts that individuals born in poor conditions should start to reproduce earlier if they are likely to have reduced performance in later life. However, whether this is the case remains unexplored in wild populations. Here, we use longitudinal data from a long-term study of Svalbard reindeer to examine age-related changes in adult female life-history responses to environmental conditions experienced in utero as indexed by rain-on-snow (ROSutero). We show that females experiencing high ROSutero had reduced reproductive success only from 7 years of age, independent of early reproduction. These individuals were able to maintain the same annual reproductive success between 2 and 6 years as phenotypically superior conspecifics that experienced low ROSutero. Young females born after high ROSutero engage in reproductive events at lower body mass (about 2.5 kg less) than those born after low ROSutero. The mean fitness of females that experienced poor environmental conditions in early life was comparable with that of females exposed to good environmental conditions in early life. These results are consistent with the idea of internal PAR and suggest that the life-history responses to early-life conditions can buffer the delayed effects of weather on population dynamics.
Data from: Constraining the role of early land plants in Early Palaeozoic weathering and global cooling
How the colonization of terrestrial environments by early land plants over 400 Ma influenced rock weathering, the biogeochemical cycling of carbon and phosphorus, and climate in the Palaeozoic is uncertain. Here we show experimentally that mineral weathering by liverworts—an extant lineage of early land plants—partnering arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, like those in 410 Ma-old early land plant fossils, amplified calcium weathering from basalt grains threefold to sevenfold, relative to plant-free controls. Phosphate weathering by mycorrhizal liverworts was amplified 9–13-fold over plant-free controls, compared with fivefold to sevenfold amplification by liverworts lacking fungal symbionts. Etching and trenching of phyllosilicate minerals increased with AM fungal network size and atmospheric CO2 concentration. Integration of grain-scale weathering rates over the depths of liverwort rhizoids and mycelia (0.1 m), or tree roots and mycelia (0.75 m), indicate early land plants with shallow anchorage systems were probably at least 10-fold less effective at enhancing the total weathering flux than later-evolving trees. This work challenges the suggestion that early land plants significantly enhanced total weathering and land-to-ocean fluxes of calcium and phosphorus, which have been proposed as a trigger for transient dramatic atmospheric CO2 sequestration and glaciations in the Ordovician.
Data from: Specialized roots of Velloziaceae weather quartzite rock while mobilizing phosphorus using carboxylates
1.Campos rupestres is an extremely phosphorus (P)‐impoverished rocky ecosystem in Brazil. Velloziaceae is an important plant family in this environment, and some species colonize exposed quartzite rock. However, we know virtually nothing about their root development and nutrient acquisition within the rock outcrops and their possible role in rock weathering and landscape formation. 2.We tested the hypothesis that Velloziaceae dissolve P from the rock, enhancing rock‐weathering. The study was carried out with two Barbacenia species (Velloziaceae) that colonize quartzite rocks. We assessed the root specializations and exudates, and determined the mineralogical composition of the rocks. 3.The quartzite rocks contained a low concentration of total P in a matrix composed predominantly of silica. Using transmission electron microscopy, we show root growth perpendicular to the rock‐bedding planes. A micro‐XRF setup at the XRF beamline of a synchrotron evidenced root‐associated rock dissolution. 4.The investigated roots show novel morphological and physiological specializations, coined vellozioid roots, which are highly effective at P acquisition. These carboxylate‐releasing roots function like others specialized roots in nutrient‐depleted soils. The rocks represent a barrier for most species, but due to their chemical and physical actions inside the rocks, vellozioid roots play a pivotal role in rock weathering, contributing to shaping the campos rupestres landscapes.
The Joint Land Data Assimilation System:Data for the ROSATM road weather stations and AWS sites in Beijing municipal area
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Dataset for "Impact of geostationary interferometric infrared sounder observations from long- and middle-wave bands on weather forecasts with a locally cloud-resolving global model"
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Seismic identification method for weathering crust reservoirs in granite buried hills—a case study of buried hills around the Baiyun sag, South China
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UKCP data on daily precipitation, jet diagnostics and weather types
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.