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12,662 results for “linking”
Figure 16 from: Cumming RT, Le Tirant S, Teemsma SN, Hennemann FH, Willemse L, Büscher TH (2020) Lost lovers linked at long last: elusive female Nanophyllium mystery solved after a century of being placed in a different genus (Phasmatodea, Phylliidae). ZooKeys 969: 43-84. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.969.56214
Figure 16 Notable known Nanophyllium females scaled to relative size ANanophyllium chitoniscoides comb. nov. Coll FHBNanophyllium suzukii comb. nov. CNanophyllium frondosum comb. nov. DNanophyllium keyicum comb. nov. (RMNH).
Figure 13 from: Cumming RT, Le Tirant S, Teemsma SN, Hennemann FH, Willemse L, Büscher TH (2020) Lost lovers linked at long last: elusive female Nanophyllium mystery solved after a century of being placed in a different genus (Phasmatodea, Phylliidae). ZooKeys 969: 43-84. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.969.56214
Figure 13 Alae wing venation of males for the two species groups, dorsal ANanophyllium rentzi (pygmaeum species group) BNanophyllium stellae (stellae species group). Abbreviations used: C (costa); Sc (subcosta); R (radius); R1 (radius 1); Rs (radial sector); M (media); MA (media anterior); MP (media posterior); Cu (cubitus); Cu+1AA (cubitus and first anterior anal); 1AA–7AA (first through seventh anterior anal); 1PA–6PA (first through fifth posterior anal).
Figure 10 from: Cumming RT, Le Tirant S, Teemsma SN, Hennemann FH, Willemse L, Büscher TH (2020) Lost lovers linked at long last: elusive female Nanophyllium mystery solved after a century of being placed in a different genus (Phasmatodea, Phylliidae). ZooKeys 969: 43-84. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.969.56214
Figure 10 Side by side Nanophyllium males of the two species groups Apygmaeum species group, Nanophyllium asekiense male from Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea Bstellae species group, Nanophyllium stellae HT from Jayapura, Indonesia.
Figure 15 from: Cumming RT, Le Tirant S, Teemsma SN, Hennemann FH, Willemse L, Büscher TH (2020) Lost lovers linked at long last: elusive female Nanophyllium mystery solved after a century of being placed in a different genus (Phasmatodea, Phylliidae). ZooKeys 969: 43-84. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.969.56214
Figure 15 Distribution map showing the undetermined Nanophyllium specimens with mappable localities.
Figure 1 from: Cumming RT, Le Tirant S, Teemsma SN, Hennemann FH, Willemse L, Büscher TH (2020) Lost lovers linked at long last: elusive female Nanophyllium mystery solved after a century of being placed in a different genus (Phasmatodea, Phylliidae). ZooKeys 969: 43-84. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.969.56214
Figure 1 Live Nanophyllium asekiense (Größer, 2002), comb. nov. females, three primary color forms photographed in Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea.
Drivers of Water (in Spanish) [Link to video]
<p>Link to video: <a href="https://youtu.be/eACq8nXTbaE">https://youtu.be/eACq8nXTbaE</a></p> <p>Mención</p> <p>Concurso de Cortometrajes 2020 de la Red WATERLAT-GOBACIT (https://waterlat.org/es/concurso-de-cortometrajes-3/concurso-2020/).</p> <p> </p> <p>El tema central del cortometraje es el acceso diferencial al agua potable en el contexto del cambio climático. Este es un desafío común en muchas ciudades del Sur Global. La acción del cortometraje tiene lugar en la ciudad de Morelia, México. En Morelia, factores como el mal manejo y la sobreexplotación de las fuentes de agua, la urbanización acelerada y no planificada, y el cambio climático están contribuyendo a que el agua sea cada vez más escasa. El Organismo Operador de Agua Potable, Alcantarillado y Saneamiento (OOAPAS) de Morelia no es capaz de suministrar suficiente agua de buena calidad a la población para satisfacer la demanda de agua, lo que en la práctica significa un suministro de agua muy insuficiente, inseguro e intermitente. Como consecuencia, muchas familias y una gran cantidad de negocios en Morelia se ven obligados cada día a comprar agua de pipas (camiones cisterna) a más de 300 piperos (conductores privados). Debido al elevado coste del agua de pipa, una gran parte de la población tampoco puede acceder al agua por este medio, por lo que los más pobres a menudo no logran satisfacer su derecho humano al agua. Por otra parte, el suministro de agua mediante pipas no garantiza el acceso al agua de forma segura para quienes sí pueden pagarla. El cambio climático es un fenómeno global, pero no nos afecta a todos por igual. Afecta más a aquellos que no pueden acceder de forma segura a suficiente agua de buena calidad. Por lo tanto, es de esperar que el cambio climático agrave las desigualdades que ya existen en nuestra sociedad. Ante esta situación, es necesario repensar cómo podemos lograr el acceso seguro al agua potable que permita a toda la población contar con suficiente agua para afrontar el cambio climático.</p>
Water is life. Revolutionary Theatre Intervention (in Spanish) [Link to video]
<p>Link to the video: <a href="https://youtu.be/fm0uY5Ho_o4">https://youtu.be/fm0uY5Ho_o4</a></p> <p> </p> <p>Mención</p> <p>Concurso de Cortometrajes 2020 de la Red WATERLAT-GOBACIT (https://waterlat.org/es/concurso-de-cortometrajes-3/concurso-2020/).</p> <p>El gobierno provincial de Mendoza, Argentina, aprobó una reforma de la Ley 7722, la que protegía las fuentes de agua. La modificación de la ley permitiría el uso de distintos químicos y sustancias tóxicas posibilitando la localización de emprendimientos mineros en una provincia con serio déficit hídrico. El domingo 22 de diciembre de 2019, miles de mendocinos comenzaron una caminata hacia la ciudad de Mendoza desde distintas localidades, algunas ubicadas a 100 km de distancia. La movilización reclamó la no modificación de la Ley 7722 que protege las fuentes de agua. En este marco, el grupo de Teatro Revolucionario realizó algunas intervenciones en las calles de la ciudad de Mar del Plata. Consideramos que el arte no es solamente un producto estético para exhibir, sino también una herramienta de comunicación y de expresión de las luchas populares. Desde una práctica de trabajo comunitario, Teatro Revolucionario entiende el arte como una posibilidad para interpelar, para decir lo que debe ser escuchado y desnaturalizar lo instalado, como un territorio que fomente una conciencia crítica, la organización y liberación del pueblo.</p>
Our land, woods, and water (in Spanish) Link to video file
<p>Watch the video at <a href="https://youtu.be/opCLZ8pSbug">https://youtu.be/opCLZ8pSbug</a>.</p> <p>Special Mention, 2020 WATERLAT-GOBACIT Short-video Competition (https://waterlat.org/es/concurso-de-cortometrajes-3/concurso-2020/).</p> <p>El documental finaliza con respuestas a la pregunta de ¿por qué es importante el agua? En este sentido, y con la problemática concreta del acceso y calidad del agua de comunidades del noroeste de la provincia de Córdoba, Argentina, estudiantes y docentes de la Universidad Nacional de Villa María, en articulación con el Movimiento Campesino de Córdoba, han llevado adelante acciones para relevar la calidad de pozos existentes para extracción de agua e intentar planificar y resolver otros problemas de acceso a familias campesinas. En este contexto, se recabó audiovisualmente algunas de las problemáticas y experiencias de las familias campesinas en el territorio que habitan y, paralelamente, se mostró concretamente el trabajo de las y los estudiantes y docentes en el relevamiento de la información y aportes técnicos a problemáticas puntuales de la sociedad. La articulación universidad-movimientos sociales-sociedad es algo que nos parece interesante recalcar por la convicción grupal de que la ciencia, los conocimientos y las universidades tienen que estar orientadas para acompañar y producir mejorías en las realidades sociales.</p>
Pathways linking female personality with reproductive success are trait and year-specific
<p>Personality (i.e. among-individual variation in average behavior) often covaries with fitness, but how such personality-fitness relationships come about is poorly understood. Here, we explore potential mechanisms by which two female personality traits (female-female aggression and female nest defense as manifested by hissing behavior) were linked with annual reproductive success in a population of great tits (<i>Parus major</i>), a socially monogamous species with biparental care. We hypothesized that personality-related differences in reproductive success result from variation in reproductive decision (lay date, brood size) and/or parental provisioning rates. Relative support for these mechanisms was evaluated using path-analysis on data collected in two successive years. We reveal that larger broods were provisioned at a higher rate by both parents and that female, but not male, provisioning rate was involved in the trade-off between offspring number (brood size) and fledgling mass. Among-individual variation in female aggression, via its association with female provisioning rate, was negatively linked to fledgling mass (i.e. indirect effect), yet only in one of the study years. Male provisioning rate did not influence these relationships. In contrast, among-individual variation in hissing behavior was directly and negatively linked with fledgling mass in both years, via an underlying mechanism that remains to be identified (i.e. direct effect). Together, our findings emphasize that personality-fitness relationships may come about via different mechanisms across personality traits and/or years, thereby illustrating additional complexity in how selection might act on and maintain among-individual variation in behavioral phenotypes in the wild.</p>
Inflation test on eye globe for: Experimental evaluation of stiffening effect induced by UVA/riboflavin corneal cross-linking using intact porcine eye globes
<p><span>UVA/riboflavin corneal cross-linking (CXL) is a common used approach to treat progressive keratoconus. This study aims to investigate the alteration of corneal stiffness following CXL by mimicking the inflation of the eye under the <i>in vivo</i> loading conditions. Seven paired porcine eye globes were involved in the inflation test to examine the corneal behaviour. Cornea-only model was constructed using the finite element method, without considering the deformation contribution from sclera and limbus. Inverse analysis was conducted to calibrate the non-linear material behaviours in order to reproduce the inflation test. The corneal stress and strain values were then extracted from the finite element models and tangent modulus was calculated under stress level at 0.03 MPa. UVA/riboflavin cross-linked corneas displayed a significant increase in the material stiffness. At the IOP of 27.25 mmHg, the average displacements of corneal apex were 307 ± 65 μm and 437 ± 63 μm (p = 0.02) in CXL and PBS corneas, respectively. Comparisons performed on tangent modulus ratios at a stress of 0.03 MPa, the tangent modulus measured in the corneas treated with the CXL was 2.48 ± 0.69, with a 43±24% increase comparing to its PBS control. The data supported that<b> </b>corneal material properties can be well-described using this inflation methods following CXL. The inflation test is valuable for investigating the mechanical response of the intact human cornea within physiological IOP ranges, providing benchmarks against which the numerical developments can be translated to clinic. </span></p>
Extinction of herbivorous dinosaurs linked to Early Jurassic global warming event
<p><span>Sauropods, the giant long-necked dinosaurs, became the dominant group of large herbivores in terrestrial ecosystems after multiple related lineages became extinct towards the end of the Early Jurassic (190–174 Ma). The causes and precise timing of this key faunal change and as well as the origin of eusauropods (true sauropods) have remained ambiguous mainly due to the scarce dinosaurian fossil record of this time. The Cañadón Asfalto basin in Patagonia (Argentina) contains terrestrial sequences that document this critical interval of dinosaur evolution. Here we report a new dinosaur from this basin that is the oldest eusauropod known with a nearly complete skull and provide precise U-Pb radioisotopic dates that time the rise of eusauropods in Patagonia. We show eusauropod-dominance was established after a massive magmatic event impacting southern Gondwana (180–184 Ma) and coincided with severe perturbations to the climate and a drastic decrease in the floral diversity characterized by the rise of conifers with small scaly leaves. Floral and faunal changes from other regions suggest these were global changes that affected terrestrial ecosystems during the Toarcian warming of climate and formed part of a second-order mass extinction event.</span></p>
Dataset for Event-based architecture for enabling multi-modal reasoning on loosely coupled Linked Data services
<p>Dataset with the raw UNIX timestamps for start/stop time points for each sample of each evaluated configuration as well as produced plots.</p>
Data from: Canalisation in the wild: effects of developmental conditions on physiological traits are inversely linked to their association with fitness
Ecological conditions affect fitness, but mechanisms causing such effects are not well known, while evolved responses to environmental variation may depend on the underlying mechanisms. Consequences of environmental conditions vary strongly between traits, but a framework to interpret such variation is lacking. We propose that variation in trait response may be explained by differential canalisation, with traits with larger fitness effects showing weaker responses to environmental perturbations due to preferential resource allocation to such traits. We tested the canalisation hypothesis using brood size manipulation in wild jackdaw nestlings in which we measured eight physiological traits (mainly oxidative stress markers), and two feather traits. For each trait, we estimated manipulation response and association with fitness (over-winter survival). As predicted, a strong negative correlation emerged between manipulation response and association with fitness (r=-0.76). We discuss the consequences of differential trait canalization for the study of mechanisms mediating environmental effects on fitness.
Links between prey assemblages and poison frog toxins: a landscape ecology approach to assess how biotic interactions affect species phenotypes
<p>Ecological studies of species pairs showed that biotic interactions promote phenotypic change and eco-evolutionary feedbacks. However, it is unclear how phenotypes respond to synergistic interactions with multiple taxa. We investigate whether interactions with multiple prey species explain spatially structured variation in the skin toxins of the Neotropical poison frog <i>Oophaga pumilio</i>. Specifically, we assess how dissimilarity (i.e., beta diversity) of alkaloid-bearing arthropod prey assemblages (68 ant species) and evolutionary divergence between frog populations (from a neutral genetic marker) contribute to frog poison dissimilarity (toxin profiles composed of 230 different lipophilic alkaloids sampled from 934 frogs at 46 sites). We find that models that incorporate spatial turnover in the composition of ant assemblages explain part of the frog alkaloid variation, and we infer unique alkaloid combinations across the range of <i>O. pumilio</i>. Moreover, we find that alkaloid variation increases weakly with the evolutionary divergence between frog populations. The analytical framework proposed here can be extended to other multi-trophic systems, coevolutionary mosaics, microbial assemblages, and ecosystem services.</p>
Data from: Meiotic drive influences the outcome of sexually antagonistic selection at a linked locus
Most meiotic drivers, such as the t-haplotype in Mus and the segregation distorter (SD) in Drosophila, act in a sex-specific manner, gaining a transmission advantage through one sex although suffering only the fitness costs associated with the driver in the other. Their inheritance is thus more likely through one of the two sexes, a property they share with sexually antagonistic alleles. Previous theory has shown that pairs of linked loci segregating for sexually antagonistic alleles are more likely to remain polymorphic and that linkage disequilibrium accrues between them. I probe this similarity between drive and sexual antagonism and examine the evolution of chromosomes experiencing these selection pressures simultaneously. Reminiscent of previous theory, I find that: the opportunity for polymorphism increases for a sexually antagonistic locus that is physically linked to a driving locus; the opportunity for polymorphism at a driving locus also increases when linked to a sexually antagonistic locus; and stable linkage disequilibrium accompanies any polymorphic equilibrium. Additionally, I find that drive at a linked locus favours the fixation of sexually antagonistic alleles that benefit the sex in which drive occurs. Further, I show that under certain conditions reduced recombination between these two loci is selectively favoured. These theoretical results provide clear, testable predictions about the nature of sexually antagonistic variation on driving chromosomes and have implications for the evolution of genomic architecture.
Data from: Positive cytoplasmic UCHL5 tumor expression in gastric cancer is linked to improved prognosis
Gastric cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Accurate prediction of disease progression is difficult, and new biomarkers for clinical use are essential. Recently, we reported that the proteasome-associated deubiquitinating enzyme UCHL5/Uch37 is a new prognostic marker in both rectal cancer and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Here, we have assessed by immunohistochemistry UCHL5 tumor expression in gastric cancer. The study cohort comprised 650 patients, who underwent surgery in Helsinki University Hospital, Finland, between 1983 and 2009. We investigated the association of cytoplasmic UCHL5 tumor expression to assess clinicopathological parameters and patient survival. Positive cytoplasmic UCHL5 tumor immunoexpression is linked to increased survival of patients with small (<5 cm) tumors (p = 0.001), disease stages I-II (p = 0.025), and age 66 years or older (p = 0.037). UCHL5 is thus a potential marker in gastric cancer with new prognostic relevance.
Data from: Rapid local adaptation linked with phenotypic plasticity
<p>Models of 'plasticity-first' evolution are attractive because they explain the rapid evolution of new complex adaptations. Nevertheless, it is unclear whether plasticity can facilitate rapid microevolutionary change between diverging populations. Here we show how plasticity may have generated adaptive differences in fecundity between neighbouring wild populations of burying beetles <i>Nicrophorus vespilloides</i>. These populations occupy distinct Cambridgeshire woodlands that are just 2.5km apart and that probably originated from a common ancestral population c. 1000-4000 years ago. We find that populations are divergently adapted to breed on differently-sized carrion. Adaptive differences in clutch size and egg size are associated with divergence at loci connected with oogenesis. The populations differ specifically in the elevation of the reaction norm linking clutch size to carrion size (i.e. genetic accommodation), and in the likelihood that surplus offspring will be lost after hatching. We suggest that these two processes may have facilitated rapid local adaptation on a fine-grained spatial scale.</p>
Data from: Population scale mapping of transposable element diversity reveals links to gene regulation and epigenomic variation
Variation in the presence or absence of transposable elements (TEs) is a major source of genetic variation between individuals. Here, we identified 23,095 TE presence/absence variants between 216 Arabidopsis accessions. Most TE variants were rare, and we find these rare variants associated with local extremes of gene expression and DNA methylation levels within the population. Of the common alleles identified, two thirds were not in linkage disequilibrium with nearby SNPs, implicating these variants as a source of novel genetic diversity. Many common TE variants were associated with significantly altered expression of nearby genes, and a major fraction of inter-accession DNA methylation differences were associated with nearby TE insertions. Overall, this demonstrates that TE variants are a rich source of genetic diversity that likely plays an important role in facilitating epigenomic and transcriptional differences between individuals, and indicates a strong genetic basis for epigenetic variation.
Data from: Genome scan reveals selection acting on genes linked to stress response in wild pearl millet
Uncovering genomic regions involved in adaption is a major goal in evolutionary biology. High-throughput sequencing now makes it possible to tackle this challenge in nonmodel species. Yet, despite the increasing number of methods targeted to specifically detect genomic footprints of selection, the complex demography of natural populations often causes high rates of false positive in gene discoveries. The aim of this study was to identify climate adaptations in wild pearl millet populations, Cenchrus americanus ssp. monodii. We focused on two climate gradients, one in Mali and one in Niger. We used a two-step strategy to limit false-positive outliers. First, we considered gradients as biological replicates and performed RNA sequencing of four populations at the extremities. We combined four methods—three based on differentiation among populations and one based on diversity patterns within populations—to identify outlier SNPs from a set of 87 218 high-quality SNPs. Among 11 155 contigs of pearl millet reference transcriptome, 540 exhibited selection signals as evidenced by at least one of the four methods. In a second step, we genotyped 762 samples in 11 additional populations distributed along the gradients using SNPs from the detected contigs and random SNPs as control. We further assessed selection on this large data set using a differentiation-based method and a method based on correlations with environmental variables based. Four contigs displayed consistent signatures between the four extreme and 11 additional populations, two of which were linked to abiotic and biotic stress responses.
Data from: Linked morphological changes during palate evolution in early tetrapods
We examined the shapes and sizes of dermal bones of the palate of selected Palaeozoic tetrapods in order to identify the ancestral states of palatal bone morphologies in the earliest tetrapods, to learn how the composition of the palate varies within and among early tetrapod radiations, and recognize evolutionary correlations among the size and shapes of skeletal elements in this important group of animals. We find that whereas the palatal bones themselves and their arrangements are usually conserved, considerable correlated evolutionary change occurs in the shapes and sizes of the bones. Some of the changes in the bones are allometrically linked to overall palate size, which varies more than 100-fold among the taxa in our sample. Often, these allometries were only hinted at in traditional independent contrasts-based regressions of log transformed data, particularly because many allometries are subtle, their slopes may vary among subclades, and the scatter around some trendlines is high. Rather, the allometries showed up in analyses of size-standardized palatal bone dimensions investigated using independent contrasts, bivariate phylomorphospace plots, and mirrored character reconstructions on the phylogenetic tree. We find negative allometry for parasphenoid lengths and widths essentially across the entire tree of Palaeozoic tetrapods, but with different trajectories characterizing the two largest clades, the temnospondyls and the lepospondyls. The lengths of several other elements may show positive allometries, either across the entire tree or in just a subclade. One possible positive allometry exists for the ectopterygoid, which appears to allometrically shorten in temnospondyls that evolve small body and palate size, and, as in Doleserpeton can be lost altogether. Both shortening and loss could be by the same developmental change, paedomorphosis, a form of heterochrony. Paedomorphosis might also account for evolution of relatively large parasphenoids in both lepospondyls and diminutive temnospondyls, but does not seem to explain evolution of ectopterygoid loss in lepospondyls. A regularity observed across nearly all taxa in our study set is an inverse correlation between the lengths of the vomer and pterygoid, bones that lie adjacent to one another along the long palatal axis. Further work is needed to learn whether such correlated evolution might be due to adaptation and/or to developmental bias, and particularly, to learn how correlations and allometries themselves evolve.
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.