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Impact of infectious diseases on wild bovidae populations in Thailand: Insights from population modelling and disease dynamics
<p>The wildlife and livestock interface is vital for wildlife conservation and habitat management. Infectious diseases maintained by domestic species may impact threatened species such as Asian bovids, as they share natural resources and habitats. To predict the population impact of infectious diseases with different traits, we used stochastic mathematical models to simulate the population dynamics over 100 years for 100 times a model gaur (<em>Bos gaurus</em>) population with and without disease. We simulated repeated introductions from a reservoir, such as domestic cattle. We selected six bovine infectious diseases; anthrax, bovine tuberculosis, hemorrhagic septicaemia, lumpy skin disease, foot and mouth disease and brucellosis, all of which have caused outbreaks in wildlife populations. From a starting population of 300, the disease-free population increased by an average of 228% over 100 years. Brucellosis with frequency-dependent transmission showed the highest average population declines (-97%), with population extinction occurring 16% of the time. Foot and mouth disease with frequency-dependent transmission showed the lowest impact, with an average population increase of 200%. Overall, acute infections with very high or low fatality had the lowest impact, whereas chronic infections produced the greatest population decline. These results may help disease management and surveillance strategies support wildlife conservation.</p>
Figure 4 in Composition and spatio-temporal dynamics of aquatic bird community in humid areas of Alto Parana Atlantic Forest
Figure 4. NMDS (stress of 0.001) of the spatial distribution of the aquatic bird community recorded by the transect method in the lotic environments of the RPPN Foz do Aguapeí, during the dry (rounded symbols) and rainy seasons (square symbols). Legend: AR = Aguapeí River and CW = Constructed wetland.
Fig. 2 in Growth dynamics and body size evolution of South American long-necked chelid turtles: A bone histology approach
Fig. 2. Stylopodial bones of chelid turtles sampled in this study, showing the position where the thin sections were obtained (gray bar) and the complete shaft section in each element. A–D. Hydromedusa tectifera Cope, 1869; Recent, La Plata, Buenos Aires province, Argentina. A. MLPR-6291, dorsal view of the left humerus (A1), cross section (A2). B. MLPR-6291, dorsal view of the left femur (B1), cross section (B2). C. MLPR-6411, dorsal view of the right humerus (C1), cross section (C2). D. MLPR-6411, dorsal view of the right femur (D1), cross section (D2). E–G. Yaminuechelys maior (Staesche, 1929); Cerro Hansen, Danian of Salamanca Formation, Chubut Province, Argentina. E. MPEFPV-599, dorsal view of the right humerus (E1), cross section (E2). F. MPEFPV-599, dorsal view of the left femur (F1), cross section (F2). G. MLP-14-9-23-1, dorsal view of the left humerus (G1), cross section (G2). Note that the expansion of the medullary region is higher in Y. maior than in H. tectifera (see discussion in the text).
Fig. 3 in Growth dynamics and body size evolution of South American long-necked chelid turtles: A bone histology approach
Fig. 3. Stylopodial bone histology of chelid turtle Yaminuechelys maior (Staesche, 1929), Cerro Hansen, Danian, Paleocene of Salamanca Formation, Chubut Province, Argentina (Bona and De la Fuente 2005). A. MPEFPV-599, humerus: dorsal (A1), dorsomedial (A2), dorsolateral (A3), and lateral (A4) areas. B. MLP-14-9-23-1, humerus: lateral (B1), dorsal (B2), medial (B3), and ventral (B4) areas. Arrowheads in A1 and B4 indicate lines of arrested growth. C. MPEFPV-599, femur: dorsal (C1), dorsolateral (C2), and ventral (C3, C4) areas. Photographs under normal light (A1, A4, B3), under polarized light (C4), under polarized light with lambda compensator (A2, A3, B1, B2, B4, C1–C3). Abbreviations: LVC, simple longitudinal vascular canals; PFB, parallel-fibered bone; RS, resorption cavities; RVC, simple radial vascular canals; SF, Sharpey's fibres.
Fig. 4 in Growth dynamics and body size evolution of South American long-necked chelid turtles: A bone histology approach
Fig. 4. Stylopodial bone histology of chelid turtle Hydromedusa tectifera Cope, 1869; Recent, La Plata, Buenos Aires province, Argentina. A. MLPR-6474, humerus: dorsolateral (A1) and ventral (A2) areas. B. MLPR-6474, femur: ventral (B1) and dorsal (B2) areas. C. MLPR-6291, humerus: dorsal (C1) and ventral (C2) areas. D. MLPR-6291, femur: lateral (D1) and ventrolateral (D2) areas; annuli, yellow A; zones, green Z. E. MLPR-6411, humerus: dorsal (E1) and ventral (E2) areas. F. MLPR-6411, femur: lateral areas (F1, F2). Arrowheads in E2 and F2 indicate lines of arrested growth. Photographs under normal light (B1, B2, D1, E1, F2), under polarized light (E2), under polarized light with lambda compensator (A1, A2, C1, C2, D2, F1). Abbreviations: LVC, simple longitudinal vascular canals; PFB, parallel-fibered bone; RS, resorption cavities; SF, Sharpey's fibers.
Fig. 1 in Growth dynamics and body size evolution of South American long-necked chelid turtles: A bone histology approach
Fig. 1. Size distribution of chelid turtles represented in two different phylogenetic hypotheses from Maniel et al. (2018). Both topologies recover two alternative hypotheses (orange): the monophyly of the South American chelid clade (A) and the monophyly of the of the long necked chelid turtles (B) see Maniel et al. 2018, for more information). Grey, species smaller than 20 cm; green, 20–60 cm; blue and bold, larger than 60 cm. The size is based on the carapace length.
Variation in successional dynamics shape biodiversity patterns over a tropical-temperate latitudinal gradient
<p>Successional dynamics can vary due to a range of ecological and environmental factors, but our understanding of biogeographic variation in succession, and the processes contributing to community development across ecosystems, is limited. The pattern and rate of recruitment of dispersive propagules likely differs over large spatial scales and can be an important predictor of successional trajectory. Over a 20-degree tropical-temperate latitudinal gradient, we measured sessile invertebrates over 12 months of community development and successive 3-month recruitment windows to understand succession and how it is influenced by recruitment. Succession and recruitment patterns varied over latitude. In the tropics, fast temporal turnover, fluctuating abundances, and lack of successional progression suggest that the contribution of stochastic processes was high. As latitude increased, successional progression became more apparent, characterized by increasing species richness and community cover, and a shift to more competitive taxa over time. At temperate locations, species identities were similar between older communities and recruiting assemblages, however community composition became more variable across space over time. Such divergence suggests an important role of early colonisers and species interactions on community structure. These findings demonstrate differences in the processes contributing to community development and biodiversity patterns over latitude. Understanding such biogeographic variation in community dynamics and identifying the prevalence of different processes can provide insights into how communities assemble and persist in response to environmental variability.</p>
Fig.3 in Ancyrophora gracilis L , 1892 and Actinocephalus permagnus Wellmer, 1910 (Eugregarinorida: Apicomplexa) in natural populations of ground beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) - hosts preferences, intensity and seasonal dynamic
Fig.3. The mean density ± SE of Actinocephalus permagnus (circle) and Ancyrophora gracilis (square) in consecutive seasons
Fig. 1 in Ancyrophora gracilis L , 1892 and Actinocephalus permagnus Wellmer, 1910 (Eugregarinorida: Apicomplexa) in natural populations of ground beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) - hosts preferences, intensity and seasonal dynamic
Fig. 1. Mean density of Actinocephalus permagnus (AT) and Ancyrophora gracilis (AC) in relation to host size classes. circle – medium sized, squares – broad sized hosts
FIGURE 3 in Reassessing the causal connection between satDNA dynamics and chromosomal evolution in Ctenomys (Rodentia, Ctenomyidae): Unveiling the overlooked importance of the Y chromosome
FIGURE 3 Ancestral RPCS copy number reconstruction. RPCS copy number was mapped along the mtDNA phylogeny using the phytools function anc.ML, for males and females of the Ctenomys Corrientes group separately. The projection of the reconstruction onto the edges of the tree was made with the function contMap. RPCS copy number is expressed as thousands of copies. The scale of the tree is expressed in substitutions per site. Letters A–D correspond to the four main clades of the group.
FIGURE 2 in Reassessing the causal connection between satDNA dynamics and chromosomal evolution in Ctenomys (Rodentia, Ctenomyidae): Unveiling the overlooked importance of the Y chromosome
FIGURE 2 Geographic distribution of mean RPCS copy number. The Corrientes group lineages are surrounded by dashed lines. Locality numbers are: 1 – San Alonso, 2 – Loreto, 3 – Contreras_Cué, 4 – Estancia La Tacuarita, 5 – Saladas Sur, 6 – Saladas, 7 – Santa Rosa, 8 – San Roque, 9 – Estancia San Luis, 10 – Pago Alegre, 11 – Mbarigüí, 12 – Paraje Angostura, 13 – Goya, 14 – Chavarría, 15 – Colonia 3 de abril, 16 – Rincón de Ambrosio.
FIGURE 1 in Reassessing the causal connection between satDNA dynamics and chromosomal evolution in Ctenomys (Rodentia, Ctenomyidae): Unveiling the overlooked importance of the Y chromosome
FIGURE 1 Differences in RPCS copy number in males and females. Scatter plot showing differences in RPCS copy numbers between males and females of the Ctenomys Corrientes group, expressed as thousands of copies. Clades A-D correspond to the four different clades of the phylogeny (figs 3 and 4). A smoothing function was applied with the package ggplot2.
FIGURE 4 in Reassessing the causal connection between satDNA dynamics and chromosomal evolution in Ctenomys (Rodentia, Ctenomyidae): Unveiling the overlooked importance of the Y chromosome
FIGURE 4 Ancestral reconstruction of diploid numbers (2n) and main RPCS reductions and amplifications in the Ctenomys Corrientes group. Ancestral diploid numbers were inferred with the ChromEvol model implemented in RevBayes, over the mtDNA Bayesian phylogeny of the Corrientes group. Numbers in internal nodes/ terminals represent inferred/observed 2n. Colored circles depict 2n (size) and posterior probability of the inferred value (color). Red and green branches depict significant reductions and amplifications in diploid numbers, respectively. Smaller equal-sized black circles show well-supported nodes (posterior probability> 0.75). Black arrowheads denote a marked increase/decrease in RPCS copy numbers (inferred from females). The scale bar is expressed in substitutions per site.
Figure 3 in Dynamics of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in relation to root colonization, spore density, and soil properties among different spreading stages of the exotic plant threeflower beggarweed (Desmodium triflorum) in a ZoysiO tenuifoliO lawn
Figure 3. Dynamics of the soil arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal spore density within Desmodium triflorum coverage levels and seasons.
Figure 6 in Dynamics of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in relation to root colonization, spore density, and soil properties among different spreading stages of the exotic plant threeflower beggarweed (Desmodium triflorum) in a ZoysiO tenuifoliO lawn
Figure 6. Conceptual framework demonstrating possible mechanisms of soil arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) during the spreading process of Desmodium triflorum in the Zoysia tenuifolia lawn. Numbers 1, 2, 3, and 4 indicate different spreading stages of the invasive plant D. triflorum. Corresponding mycorrhizal structures were shown as the four microscopic views. Light-green and medium-yellow circles indicate AM fungal spores predominantly produced by the root mycorrhizal structures of Z. tenuifolia and D. triflorum, respectively. Medium-green and dark-yellow lines indicate the life cycle of spores in Z. tenuifolia plants and in D. triflorum plants, respectively. The AM fungi might influence the spread of D. triflorum by the following steps: (1) the early stage of the lawn's development with only Z. tenuifolia growing but without D. triflorum present. This occurs at the very beginning of the lawn establishment, and the AM fungal spores that previously existed in the lawn soil first infected the fine roots of Z. tenuifolia and completed the life cycle on their own. (2) The early spreading stage of D. triflorum (level 1). The roots of the two plants come into contact with each other, inducing the external hyphae that originally grow closely on the Z. tenuifolia roots to infect the roots of D. triflorum. The difference between the mycorrhizal infections of the two host plants contributes to higher root mycorrhizal colonizations of D. triflorum compared with Z.tenuifolia. However, at this stage,D. triflorum is not as competitive as Z. tenuifolia in the lawn, although it has advantages in terms of mycorrhizal infections. Therefore, the soil AM fungal spores are still predominantly produced by the mycorrhizal structures of the AMF-infected Z. tenuifolia roots. (3) The intermediate spreading stage of D. triflorum (levels 2 and 3). Desmodium triflorum continues to spread in the lawn. The contact of the two plants becomes more frequent and further induces a much closer relationship between the AM infections of the two plants. The increased D. triflorum plants in the lawn and the advantage of D. triflorum in root mycorrhizal infections facilitate the contribution of the mycorrhizal structures of the D. triflorum roots to sporulation. Thus, in this stage, the soil AM fungal spores were produced by the mycorrhizal structures of both plants, thereby inducing insignificant correlations between the spore densities and the root colonizations of either Z. tenuifolia or D. triflorum. (4) The late spreading stage of D. triflorum (levels 4 and 5). Desmodium triflorum is dominant in the lawn.The large numbers of D. triflorum plants and the AM infection advantage of D. triflorum facilitate AMF sporulation in the soil, thereby inducing significant correlations between the spore densities and the root colonizations of D. triflorum. At the different spreading stages of D. triflorum, the soil AM fungal communities also change as a result of the changed contributions of the AMF-infected host plants to the sporulation.
Figure 5 in Dynamics of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in relation to root colonization, spore density, and soil properties among different spreading stages of the exotic plant threeflower beggarweed (Desmodium triflorum) in a ZoysiO tenuifoliO lawn
Figure 5. The relative abundance and community composition at the family (A) and species levels (B) of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in soils of different Desmodium triflorum coverage levels.
Figure 2 in Dynamics of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in relation to root colonization, spore density, and soil properties among different spreading stages of the exotic plant threeflower beggarweed (Desmodium triflorum) in a ZoysiO tenuifoliO lawn
Figure 2. Dynamics of the total, hyphal, and vesicular colonizations of Zoysia tenuifolia and Desmodium triflorum among different D. triflorum coverage levels and seasons. "Season," "Coverage," and "Species" indicate ANOVA results of each indicator among seasons and D. triflorum coverage levels and between the two plants, respectively.
Figure 4 in Dynamics of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in relation to root colonization, spore density, and soil properties among different spreading stages of the exotic plant threeflower beggarweed (Desmodium triflorum) in a ZoysiO tenuifoliO lawn
Figure 4. Correlations among the root mycorrhizal colonizations, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal spore densities ("AMF spore density"), and soil properties in different coverage levels of Desmodium triflorum. ZTC, ZHC, and ZVC in light-green circles indicate the total colonization (TC), hyphal colonization (HC), and vesicular colonization (VC) of Zoysia tenuifolia, respectively. DTC, DHC, and DVC in light-red circles indicate the TC, HC, and VC of D. triflorum, respectively. Green lines and green-colored numbers indicate significant correlations between the colonization indicators of Z. tenuifolia and corresponding correlation coefficients, respectively. Red lines and red-colored numbers indicate significant correlations between the colonization indicators of Z. tenuifolia and corresponding correlation coefficients, respectively. Dark-green double arrows and dark-green numbers indicate the correlations between the colonizations of Z. tenuifolia and those of D. triflorum and corresponding correlation coefficients, respectively. Light-blue double arrows and light-blue numbers indicate the correlations between the spore densities and soil properties/root colonizations and corresponding correlation coefficients,respectively. Darkyellow double arrows and dark-yellow numbers indicate the correlations between the soil properties and root colonizations and corresponding correlation coefficients, respectively. Correlation is significant at: *P <0.05; **P <0.01; ***P <0.001. The minus sign indicates a negative correlation. Insignificant correlations are not shown.
Figure 1 in Dynamics of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in relation to root colonization, spore density, and soil properties among different spreading stages of the exotic plant threeflower beggarweed (Desmodium triflorum) in a ZoysiO tenuifoliO lawn
Figure 1. Dynamics of the soil physiochemical properties (average ± SE, n = 5) within different Desmodium triflorum coverage levels and seasons. "Season" and "Coverage" indicate ANOVA results of each indicator among seasons and D. triflorum coverage levels, respectively. Level 1, level 2, level 3, level 4, and level 5 indicate the coverage levels of D. triflorum in the Zoysia tenuifolia lawn, respectively, in this and all following figures.
Dataset: Alpha Blue Capital US Small-Mid Cap Dynamic ETF (ABCS) Stock Performance
This dataset provides historical stock market performance data for specific companies. It enables users to analyze and understand the past trends and fluctuations in stock prices over time. This information can be utilized for various purposes such as investment analysis, financial research, and market trend forecasting.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.