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FIGURE 4 in A new Critically Endangered species of stone breaker (Phyllanthus, Phyllanthaceae) from Central Brazil, with notes on its leaf and stem anatomy
FIGURE 4. Leaf architecture of Phyllantus pterocaulis. A. Adaxial surface of the leaf blade; B and E. abaxial surface of the leaf blade; C. Border with non-glandular trichomes; D. Non-glandular trichomes on adaxial surface; F. Stomata. Arrows indicate anomocytic (1), and paracytic stomata (2). Scale bars (A, B = 1000 µm, C–E = 200 µm, F = 50 µm).
FIGURE 4. Graptopetalum trujilloi. A–B. Rosette adaxial and abaxial sides. C. Pendant crowded rosettes. D–E and G in Graptopetalum trujilloi (Crassulaceae), a new haplostemonous and critically endangered species endemic to western Mexico: comments on taxa of subg. Glassia
FIGURE 4. Graptopetalum trujilloi. A–B. Rosette adaxial and abaxial sides. C. Pendant crowded rosettes. D–E and G. Flowers with reflexed stamens (side and upright views). F. Dissected flower showing nectaries, and shape of carpels. H. Full panicle. I. Pendant ramose habit with distally curved stems. Photographs: A–B and I by Santiago Rosales, C–H by J. Etter & M. Kristen.
FIGURE 5 in Graptopetalum trujilloi (Crassulaceae), a new haplostemonous and critically endangered species endemic to western Mexico: comments on taxa of subg. Glassia
FIGURE 5. Habit and habitat of Graptopetalum trujilloi. A–B, D. Pendant rock-dwelling rosettes. C. Tropical dry forest in the Tapalpa micro watershed, San Gabriel, Jalisco. E. Santiago and Carlos Rosales reaching pendant rosettes. Photographs: A by Julia Etter & M. Kristen, B–D by Santiago Rosales and E by Endy Martínez.
FIGURE 2. Comparison among morphologically close species. Graptopetalum superbum A–D, A. Decumbent rosettes, B. Basal leaves wide, C in Graptopetalum trujilloi (Crassulaceae), a new haplostemonous and critically endangered species endemic to western Mexico: comments on taxa of subg. Glassia
FIGURE 2. Comparison among morphologically close species. Graptopetalum superbum A–D, A. Decumbent rosettes, B. Basal leaves wide, C. Inflorescence branches long and bifurcated, D. Flowers with red-wine petal tips. G. rosanevadoense E–H, E. Pendant rosettes, F. Basal leaves narrow, G. Inflorescence branches of intermediate length, H. Flowers with red striped petal tips. G. trujilloi. I–L. I. Prostrate rosettes. J. Subequal basal leaves. K. Inflorescence branches short. L. Greenish flowers with inconspicuous red stripes. Photographs: A–I and K–L by J. Etter & M. Kristen, J by Santiago Rosales.
Assessing the population genetic structure of introduced rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in the Lake Tahoe basin: A case for understanding hybridization potential during the reintroduction of the native Endangered Species Act listed Lahontan cutthroat trout (O. clarkii henshawi)
<p class="MsoNormal">Hybridization with introduced or invasive species is a major threat and driver of population declines in native salmonids. The rainbow trout (<em>Oncorhynchus mykiss</em>, RBT) has been widely introduced globally and represents an important invasive species, often establishing entrenched naturalized populations. The cutthroat trout (<em>Oncorhynchus clarkii</em>, CT), a close congener, is particularly susceptible to competition and hybridization from RBT introductions which has led to range-wide population declines and loss of CT genetic variation. The Lahontan CT (<em>O. c. henshawi</em>, LCT) whose historic distribution included the Lake Tahoe basin, was extirpated by the 1940s due to overfishing and introduction of nonnative salmonids, including now naturalized RBT. Here, we characterize genetic variation of RBT in a subset of Lake Tahoe tributaries to assess potential homing of RBT to streams for spawning, thereby informing LCT reintroduction. Diploid reproductively viable RBT were stocked annually into Lake Tahoe from the late 1800s until the mid-2000s by California and Nevada fish and wildlife agencies, planting the same commonly raised hatchery strains over time. Since 2007, triploid RBT comprise the bulk of RBT planted. Despite extensive dispersal from stocking locations, our analyses revealed variation in population differentiation among tributaries, with individuals from spatially proximate streams clustering across multiple population genetic analyses. Although subtle, we detected evidence for genetic differentiation among tributaries from the southern, western, and northern regions, including surprising structure involving a single tributary. These results illustrate the extent of differentiation within and among streams and could inform possibilities for and implications of RBT removal and LCT reintroduction.</p>
Conserving on the edge: genetic variation and structure in northern populations of the endangered plant Dracocephalum ruyschiana L. (Lamiaceae)
<p>Loss of biodiversity is accelerating, including the loss of genetic diversity. Conservation of small, isolated populations may be important, as they can provide valuable contributions to overall genetic variation and long-term viability of species. Furthermore, such populations may play an essential role in adaptation to new environments following changes in e.g. land-use and climate. <em>Dracocephalum ruyschiana</em> is a threatened plant species throughout its European distribution, but 25% of the European populations are situated within Norway. Therefore, the species has its own action plan in Norway, which includes demographic monitoring. However, this monitoring does not cover genetic variation nor is the selection of monitored populations based on genetic differentiation, therefore this fundamental level of biodiversity is overlooked. We analyzed 43 sites using 96 SNPs developed for <em>D. ruyschiana</em>, to investigate whether the monitored populations cover the genetic variation and differentiation found within the Norwegian distribution. The results show structuring and differentiation between populations and indicate that there are at least four distinct genetic groups, of which only two are covered extensively by current demographic monitoring. We suggest that two sites representing the two other genetic groups should be included in the national monitoring program to better conserve the genetic variation found in the Norwegian population of <em>D. ruyschiana</em>. Overall, our results highlight the importance of an integrated, interdisciplinary framework to better monitor and conserve biodiversity at several levels.</p>
Long-term monitoring in endangered woodlands shows effects of multi-scale drivers on bird occupancy
<p>Occupancy predictor data, detection predictor data, and species detections from sites in remnant Box Gum Grassy Woodland patches in south-eastern Australia. Only sites, species, and predictors used in our statistical analysises included. For privacy, predictors have been standardised (mean = 0, standard deviation = 1) and latitude and longitude have been offset by random vectors.</p>
Range shifts in butternut, a rare, endangered tree, in response to past climate and modern conditions
<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Range shifts are a key process that determine species distributions and genetic patterns. A previous investigation reported that <em>Juglans cinerea</em> (butternut) has lower genetic diversity at higher latitudes, hypothesized to be the result of range shifts following the last glacial period. However, genetic patterns can also be impacted by modern ecogeographic conditions. Therefore, we re-investigate genetic patterns of butternut with additional northern population sampling, hindcasted species distribution models, and fossil pollen records to clarify the impact of glaciation on butternut.</p> <p><strong>Location:</strong> Eastern North America</p> <p><strong>Taxon:</strong> <em>Juglans cinerea </em>(L., Juglandaceae) (butternut)</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> Using 11 microsatellites, we examined range-wide spatial patterns of genetic diversity metrics (allelic richness, heterozygosity, FST) for previously studied butternut individuals and an additional 757 samples. We constructed hindcast species distribution models and mapped fossil pollen records to evaluate habitat suitability and evidence of species' presence throughout space and time.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> Contrary to previous work on butternut, we found that genetic diversity increased with distance to range edge, and previous latitudinal clines in diversity were likely due to a few outlier populations. Populations in New Brunswick, Canada were genetically distinct from other populations. At the Last Glacial Maximum, pollen records demonstrate butternut likely persisted near the glacial margin, and hindcast species distribution models identified suitable habitat in the southern United States and near Nova Scotia.</p> <p><strong>Main conclusions: </strong>Genetic patterns in butternut may be shaped by both glaciation and modern environmental conditions. Pollen records and hindcast species distribution models combined with genetic distinctiveness in New Brunswick suggest that butternut may have persisted in cryptic northern refugia. We suggest that thorough sampling across a species range and evaluating multiple lines of evidence are essential to understanding past species movements.</p>
Supplementary material 1 from: Fernandes N, Ferreira EM, Pita R, Mira A, Santos SM (2022) The effect of habitat reduction by roads on space use and movement patterns of an endangered species, the Cabrera vole Microtus cabrerae. In: Santos S, Grilo C, Shilling F, Bhardwaj M, Papp CR (Eds) Linear Infrastructure Networks with Ecological Solutions. Nature Conservation 47: 177-196. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.47.71864
The effect of habitat encroachment by roads on space use and movement patterns of an endangered vole
Figure 3 in Rediscovery of two critically endangered species of freshwater crabs, Afrithelphusa afzelii (Colosi, 1924) and A. leonensis (Cumberlidge, 1987) (Brachyura: Potamoidea: Deckeniidae) from the rainforests of Sierra Leone: implications for conservation
Figure 3. Afrithelphusa leonensis (Cumberlidge, 1987) (ZMB 34606) from the Western Peninsula Area National Park in Sierra Leone, in its natural colour. Largest adult male CW 18 mm.
Figure 2 in Rediscovery of two critically endangered species of freshwater crabs, Afrithelphusa afzelii (Colosi, 1924) and A. leonensis (Cumberlidge, 1987) (Brachyura: Potamoidea: Deckeniidae) from the rainforests of Sierra Leone: implications for conservation
Figure 2. Afrithelphusa afzelii (Colosi, 1924) (ZMB 34607) from Moyamba District Sierra Leone, in its natural colour. Largest adult male CW 25 mm.
Figure 1 in Rediscovery of two critically endangered species of freshwater crabs, Afrithelphusa afzelii (Colosi, 1924) and A. leonensis (Cumberlidge, 1987) (Brachyura: Potamoidea: Deckeniidae) from the rainforests of Sierra Leone: implications for conservation
Figure 1. Collection localities of the two Afrithelphusa species in Sierra Leone. Inset maps show the continent of Africa and Sierra Leone and its neighbouring countries in West Africa. Red rectangle = A. afzelii, yellow pentagon = A. leonensis, grey shaded area = biodiversity hotspot identified by Conservation International (2011).
Hybridization and low genetic diversity in the endangered Alabama Red-Bellied Turtle (Pseudemys alabamensis)
<p><em><span>Pseudemys</span></em><span> <em>alabamensis</em> is one of the most endangered freshwater turtle species in the United States due to its restricted geographic distribution in coastal Alabama and Mississippi. Populations of <em>P. alabamensis </em>are geographically isolated from one another by land and salt water, which could act as barriers to gene flow. It is currently unknown how differentiated these isolated populations are from one another and whether they have experienced reductions in population size. Previous work found morphological differences between Alabama and Mississippi populations, suggesting that they may be evolutionarily distinct. Other <em>Pseudemys</em> turtles such as <em>P. concinna</em> and <em>P. floridana</em> occur naturally within the same geographic area as <em>P. alabamensis</em> and are known to hybridize with each other. These more abundant species could threaten the unique genetic identity of <em>P. alabamensis</em> through introgression. In order to evaluate the endangered status of <em>P. alabamensis</em> and the level of hybridization with other species, we used mitochondrial and nuclear microsatellite markers to assess genetic variation within and among populations of <em>P. alabamensis</em> throughout its range and estimate admixture with co-occurring <em>Pseudemys</em> species. In <em>P. alabamensis</em>, we found no variation in mitochondrial DNA and observed an excess of homozygosity in the microsatellite data. Our results indicate evidence of genetic differentiation between Alabama and Mississippi populations of <em>P. alabamensis</em>, and low estimated breeding sizes and inbreeding for two populations (Fowl River, Alabama and Biloxi, Mississippi). Our results also support admixture of <em>P. alabamensis</em> with<em> P. concinna/P. floridana</em>. Based on our results, <em>P. alabamensis</em> is highly endangered throughout its range and threatened by both low population sizes and hybridization. In order to improve the species' chances of survival, focus should be placed on habitat preservation, maintenance of genetic diversity within both Mississippi and Alabama populations, and regular population monitoring activities such as nest surveillance and estimates of recruitment. </span></p>
FIGURE 6 in Harpochilus corrugatus (Acanthaceae), a new and endangered chiropterophylous species from the highlands of central-southern Bahia, Brazil
FIGURE 6. SEM of sepals and pollen of Harpochilus neesianus (A–B. View of sepal indumentum, C–D. Equatorial view of pollen-grain showing aperture and detail showing row of areoles flanking the colporus, E–F. Equatorial view of pollen-grain and detail of reticulated surface, from Zappi et al. 5142).
FIGURE 5 in Harpochilus corrugatus (Acanthaceae), a new and endangered chiropterophylous species from the highlands of central-southern Bahia, Brazil
FIGURE 5. Nectarivorous Glossophaginae bat visiting flower of H. corrugatus at the Estrada Real, between Livramento de Nossa Senhora and Rio de Contas.
FIGURE 4 in Harpochilus corrugatus (Acanthaceae), a new and endangered chiropterophylous species from the highlands of central-southern Bahia, Brazil
FIGURE 4. Distribution map of Northeastern Brazil showing the three species of Harpochilus (H. corrugatus—black dots, H. neesianus— orange dots and H. paraibanus—yellow dots).
FIGURE 3 in Harpochilus corrugatus (Acanthaceae), a new and endangered chiropterophylous species from the highlands of central-southern Bahia, Brazil
FIGURE 3. SEM of sepals and pollen of Harpochilus corrugatus (A–B. View of sepal indumentum. C–D. Equatorial view of pollen-grain showing aperture and detail showing row of areoles flanking the colporus. E–F. Equatorial view of pollen-grain and detail of reticulated surface, from Zappi et al. 5133).
FIGURE 2 in Harpochilus corrugatus (Acanthaceae), a new and endangered chiropterophylous species from the highlands of central-southern Bahia, Brazil
FIGURE 2. Comparison between Harpochilus corrugatus (A. Inflorescence, B–C. Flower-buds, notice corrugated leaves) and Harpochilus neesianus (D. Inflorescence, E. Detail of branch showing calyx and flat leaves).
FIGURE 1. Harpochilus corrugatus. A. Proximal leaf. B. Leaf from below the inflorescence. C. Leaf from inflorescence. D in Harpochilus corrugatus (Acanthaceae), a new and endangered chiropterophylous species from the highlands of central-southern Bahia, Brazil
FIGURE 1. Harpochilus corrugatus. A. Proximal leaf. B. Leaf from below the inflorescence. C. Leaf from inflorescence. D. Corolla of fully open flower. E. Inflorescence with two flowers, corolla fallen. F. Flower-bud. G. Flower-bud just before anthesis. H. Calyx with two lobes removed, showing nectar disk, ovary and style. Drawn by DCZ based on Zappi et al. 5117 (UB).
The adaptive capacity of alien and endangered plants in China
<p>The datasets used in the article includes of "Endangered plants.csv" and "Alien plants.csv". The dataset of "Endangered plants" contains data from the list of the National Key Protected Wild Plants (the first and second batches) officially approved by the State Council, 1898 plants were recorded in the information system of the Chinese Rare and Endangered Plants. The dataset of "Alien plants" contains data from The Checklist of the Chinese Invasive Plants and 562 alien plants were recorded.</p> <p>Diaspore morphological traits were collected from database of the Flora of China (<a href="http://www.iplant.cn/foc/">http://www.iplant.cn/foc/</a>). Diaspore Information Database from Royal Botanic Gardens (<a href="http://data.kew.org/sid/">http://data.kew.org/sid/</a>), and the PLANTS Database of the United States (https://plants.usda.gov/java/).</p> <p>Each dataset includes 29 columns: ID, Species, Family, Dispersal strategy, The number of dispersal strategies of a plant, Reproductive mode, The number of reproductive modes of a plant, Life form, Habitat type, The number of habitats of a plant, Distribution scale, Score 1-16, Adaptive capacity to stressful environments, and Adaptive capacity to disturbed environments.</p> <p>Dispersal strategy includes: autochory (barochory, ballistic dispersal, and blastochory); anemochory (macrogeochory, meteor-anemochory, trichometeorochory, and pterometeorochory); hydrochory (bythisochory, zoohydrochory, and nautohydrochory); zoochory (endozoochory, epizoochory, frugivory, graminivory, granivory, and myrmecochory); and anthropochory (agochory, ethelochory, speirochory, and anthropochory). The number of dispersal strategies of a plant includes: one or two modes, three modes, four modes, and more than four modes. The reproductive mode includes: 1) spores or seeds; 2) ramets; 3) cutting, layering, or grafting; 4) rhizome; and 5) budding. The number of reproductive modes of a plant includes: one mode, two modes, three modes, and more than three modes. Life form includes:<span> </span>annual and biennial, perennial, vine, shrub, and arbor. Habitat type includes: 1) deserts or desert steppes; 2) steppes or dry hillsides; 3) waysides, near villages or wastelands; 4) farm lands; 5) meadow steppes or grasslands; 6) exposed rocks and crevices or tree tops; 7) forest edges, shrublands, or jungles; 8) rivers, lake banks, or benches; 9) marshes, wet meadows, or paddy fields and 10) in water. The number of plant habitats includes: one type, two types, three types, and more than three types. Distribution scale county scale (< 5 × 10<sup>4</sup> km<sup>2</sup>), municipal scale (5–35 × 10<sup>4</sup> km<sup>2</sup>), provincial scale or autonomous regions (35–150 × 10<sup>4</sup> km<sup>2</sup>), and national scale (>150 × 104 km<sup>2</sup>). Score 1-16 are scores of in corresponding indicator assessed in stressful and disturbed environment, respectively. Adaptive capacity to stressful and disturbed environments are total scores of plants assessed to stressful and disturbed environments.</p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.