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4,669 results for “Environment;”
Data from: Local environment and coral composition affect recovery and determine long-term coral responses to recurrent mass mortalities in the Lakshadweep Archipelago
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Vitamin D status is heritable and under environment-dependent selection in the wild
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Data for: Positive impact of postfire environment on bumble bees not explained by habitat variables in a remote forested ecosystem
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Host-parasite relationship in urban environments: A network analysis of hemoparasite infections in Nasua nasua Linnaeus (South American coati)
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Pre-fertilisation gamete thermal environment influences reproductive success, unmasking opposing sex-specific responses in Atlantic Salmon
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Generation time in stage-structured populations under fluctuating environments (Simulations)
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Zebra finch song and distance call amplitude measurements: A transmission experiment and observational transects in the natural environment
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Brain size predicts bees’ tolerance to urban environments
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The efficacy of selection may increase or decrease with selfing depending upon the recombination environment
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Social environment influences the temporal dynamics of sneak-spawning in a fish with alternative reproductive tactics
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Ecophysiological and behavioral adaptations of birds to rapid urbanization of a desert environment in central Arizona-Phoenix, from 2006 to 2008.
We used Sonoran desert species that have adapted to urbanization to various degrees to investigate relations between endocrine parameters, in particular plasma corticosterone in response to acute stress, and aspects of the immune system, parasite infections, and body condition. Desert residents generally suppressed their endocrine response to acute stress during the breeding season and underwent marked seasonal changes in body condition. By contrast, conspecific urban residents tended to maintain an acute stress response throughout the year and showed subdued seasonal changes in body condition. We surmise that this difference is related to differences between desert and urban environments in food resources that birds use to sustain themselves. The goal of upcoming studies will be to test this hypothesis. In addition, we are carrying out studies aimed at elucidating the neuroendocrine mechanisms that mediate differential stress responses seen in birds residing in rural vs. urban habitats. We are also developing experiments examining relation between the stress response and the activity of the immune and reproductive system. The data that we have already collected, and those to be collected in the coming year, will provide the most extensive set of data to date on effects of urbanization on wild vertebrates and on the mechanisms that are responsible for these effects.
Foraging in competitive and hazardous environments
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Everyday urban environment (urbArki-2009)
<p><strong>Data description:</strong></p> <p>This data is collected as part of the Urban Everyday (Urbaani Arki) project and includes the following datasets: Home locations, everyday errand points, suggestion points, and appeal points.</p> <p><strong>Who collected (person/organization):</strong></p> <p>The dataset is collected in department of Built Environment, Aalto University, Finland, in Prof. Marketta Kyttä’s research team.</p> <p><strong>when collected the data:</strong></p> <p>Data is collected in 2009</p> <p><strong>Data characteristics: </strong></p> <p>Age range: Data is collected from individuals aged 15-74</p> <p>Geographical area: Tampere, Finland</p>
Emergency adaptations in online assessment in usually face-to-face environments
<p>Emergency adaptations in online assessment in usually face-to-face environments</p>
Chalara: Ash Die-back Virtual Woodland Environment
<p>Chalara dieback of ash (Fraxinus excelsior) is a disease of ash trees caused by the fungus Chalara fraxinea. The disease causes leaf loss and crown dieback, usually leading to tree death. First found in the UK in February 2012, local spread is by wind and by movement of diseased plants over longer distances.</p> <p>Woodlands in Scotland are infected, the distribution of sites of which is reported by the Forestry Commission, and can be viewed on the interactive <a href="https://secure.fera.defra.gov.uk/chalaramap/">Chalara (Hymenoscyphus fraxineus) infection map</a>. Background information on the disease, its origins, symptoms and precautions to reduce risks of spread are available from the Forestry Commission <a href="https://www.forestresearch.gov.uk/tools-and-resources/pest-and-disease-resources/ash-dieback-hymenoscyphus-fraxineus/">here</a>.</p> <p>The <a href="http://www.hutton.ac.uk">James Hutton Institute</a> has developed a Virtual Reality model to present information about the symptoms and different stages and spread of infection of Chalara ash dieback on woodlands. The model was designed to represent characteristics of the vegetation and topography of a site in north-west Scotland.</p> <p>Interactive functions have been included which enable the presentation of a narrative about the Chalara Ash Dieback threat to woodlands, including scenarios of spread of infection, symptoms of infection, the death of trees, and the regeneration of woodland. </p> <p>The model can be downloaded and used in a PC or virtual reality environment. Guidelines are provided, and links to the relevant software for its use. </p> <p><strong>Software: </strong>The software required to use the model in Virtual Reality is ‘BS Contact Stereo’. The free to use, demonstration version of the software package can be download from <a href="http://www.bitmanagement.com/en/products/interactive-3d-clients/bs-contact-stereo"><strong>here</strong></a>.</p> <p>The 3D model can be used through <a href="http://www.bitmanagement.com/en/products/interactive-3d-clients/bs-contact-stereo#:~:text=BS%20Contact%20Stereo,and%20up%20to%20CAVE%20solutions.">BS Contact Stereo</a> for a Virtual Reality headset (e.g. <a href="https://www.oculus.com/rift/?locale=en_GB">Oculus Rift</a>).</p> <p>[Note: Users may notice a ‘blue dot’ floating across the screen when they are exploring the Virtual Reality model. That has no effect or role in the model. It is a feature of the demonstration free-to-use package.]</p> <p><strong>Start model: </strong>To start the model, users should load and play the file: AshDieback_Main.wrl.</p> <p><strong>Navigation: </strong>Navigation of the 3D environment of the woodland can be by use of a keyboard or Xbox controller.</p> <p>More information about the model and disease are is available at: <a href="https://www.hutton.ac.uk/research/departments/information-and-computational-sciences/chalara-ash-die-back-virtual-woodland-environment">Chalara: Ash Die-back Virtual Woodland Environment</a>. </p> <p>Photographs can be accessed of the Virtual Reality model in use with an Oculus Rift headset, and in the <a href="https://www.hutton.ac.uk/learning/image-galleries/gallery-vlt-events-vltjohn-hope-gateway-rbge">Virtual Landscape Theatre</a>.</p>
Genomic and phenotypic evolution of Escherichia coli in a novel citrate-only resource environment
Evolutionary innovations allow populations to colonize new ecological niches. We previously reported that aerobic growth on citrate (Cit+) evolved in an Escherichia coli population during adaptation to a minimal glucose medium containing citrate (DM25). Cit+ variants can also grow in citrate-only medium (DM0), a novel environment for E. coli. To study adaptation to this niche, we founded two sets of Cit+ populations and evolved them for 2500 generations in DM0 or DM25. The evolved lineages acquired numerous parallel mutations, many mediated by transposable elements. Several also evolved amplifications of regions containing the maeA gene. Unexpectedly, some evolved populations and clones show apparent declines in fitness. We also found evidence of substantial cell death in Cit+ clones. Our results thus demonstrate rapid trait refinement and adaptation to the new citrate niche, while also suggesting a recalcitrant mismatch between E. coli physiology and growth on citrate.
Data from: A temporally intensive survey of bacterial communities of Brassica napus genotypes grown in three environments
Soil bacterial communities play vital roles in nutrient cycling and plant health. Breeding staple crops to have more robust microbiomes may be a sustainable way to improve crop yield without increasing inputs, leading to better global food security. We collected root and rhizosphere soil samples from sixteen genotypes of canola weekly for ten weeks at one site in 2016 and at three time points across three sites in 2017. We sequenced the 16S ribosomal RNA gene generating a total of 127.7 million reads. The data shows that rhizosphere communities are more diverse than corresponding root communities. Beta diversity analysis demonstrates both temporal and site-to-site differences in community structure. Using this dataset, these and other aspects of the canola microbiome characterization can be explored to advance our understanding of genotype by environment interactions This is a large temporally and spatially rich dataset, which will further our understanding of bacterial communities associated with canola. These data will be used in a variety of other projects, with the goal of enhancing agricultural sustainability.
Rearing environment affects the genetic architecture and plasticity of DNA methylation in Chinook salmon
<p>Genetic architecture and phenotypic plasticity are important considerations when studying trait variation within and among populations. Since environmental change can induce shifts in the genetic architecture and plasticity of traits, it is important to consider both genetic and environmental sources of phenotypic variation. While there is overwhelming evidence for environmental effects on phenotype, the underlying mechanisms are less clear. Variation in DNA methylation is a potential mechanism mediating environmental effects on phenotype due to its sensitivity to environmental stimuli, transgenerational inheritance, and influences on transcription. To characterize the effect of environment on methylation, we created two 6x6 (North Carolina II) Chinook salmon breeding crosses and reared the offspring in two environments: uniform hatchery tanks and semi-natural stream channels. We sampled the fish twice during development, at the alevin (larval) and fry (juvenile) stages. We measured DNA methylation at 13 genes using a PCR-based bisulfite sequencing protocol. The genetic architecture of DNA methylation differed between rearing environments, with greater additive and non-additive genetic variance in hatchery fish and greater maternal effects in semi-natural channel fish, though gene-specific variation was evident. We observed plasticity in methylation across all assayed genes, as well as gene-specific effects at two genes in alevin and six genes in fry, indicating developmental stage-specific effects of rearing environment on methylation. Characterizing genetic and environmental influences on methylation is critical for future studies on DNA methylation as a potential mechanism for acclimation and adaptation.</p>
Low levels of genetic differentiation with isolation by geography and environment in populations of Drosophila melanogaster from across China
<p>The fruit fly <i>Drosophila</i> <i>melanogaster</i> is a model species in evolutionary studies. However, the population processes of this species in East Asia are poorly studied, even though this area was one of the first regions colonized outside of its native distribution range. Here we examined the population genetic structure of <i>D.</i> <i>melanogaster</i> across China. There were 14 mitochondrial haplotypes with ten unique ones out of 23 known from around the globe. Pairwise F<sub>ST</sub> values estimated from 15 novel microsatellites ranged from 0 to 0.11, with geographically isolated populations showing the highest level of genetic uniqueness. STRUCTURE analysis identified high levels of admixture at both the individual and population levels. Mantel tests indicated a strong association between genetic distance and geographical distance as well as environmental distance. Full RDA analysis showed that independent effects of environmental conditions and geography accounted for 62.10% and 31.58% of the total explained genetic variance, respectively. When geographic variables were constrained in a partial RDA analysis, three environmental variables of bio2 (mean diurnal air temperature range), bio13 (precipitation of the wettest month), and bio15 (precipitation seasonality) were correlated with genetic distance. Our study suggests that a high level of gene flow, geographical isolation, and environmental factors have together shaped the population genetic structure of <i>D.</i> <i>melanogaster</i> after its introduction into China.</p>
Characterizing the nectar microbiome of the non-native tropical milkweed, Asclepias curassavica, in an urban environment
<p>In increasingly urban landscapes, the loss of native pollen and nectar floral resources is impacting ecologically important pollinators. Increased urbanization has also brought about the rise of urban gardens which introduce new floral resources that may help replace those the pollinators have lost. Recently, studies have shown that the microbial communities of nectar may play an important role in plant-pollinator interactions, but these microbial communities and the floral visitors in urban environments are poorly studied. In this study we characterized the floral visitors and nectar microbial communities of <i>Ascelpias curassavica</i>, a non-native tropical milkweed commonly, in an urban environment. We found that the majority of the floral visitors to <i>A. curassavica</i> were honey bees followed closely by monarch butterflies. We also found that there were several unique visitors to each site, such as ants, wasps, solitary bees, several species of butterflies and moths, Anna's hummingbird, and the tarantula hawk wasp. Significant differences in the nectar bacterial alpha and beta diversity were found across the urban sites, although we found no significant differences among the fungal communities. We found that the differences in the bacterial communities were more likely due to the environment and floral visitors rather than physiological differences in the plants growing at the gardens. Greater understanding of the impact of urbanization on the nectar microbiome of urban floral resources and consequently their effect on plant-pollinator relationships will help to predict how these relationships will change with urbanization, and how negative impacts can be mitigated through better management of the floral composition in urban gardens.<br> </p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.