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FIGURE 6 in Amphibians and squamate reptiles from the late Miocene of Fălciu (Eastern Romania)

FIGURE 6. Fossil remains of lacertids (A-F) and anguids (G-I) from FP 1: A-C, dentary fragments of Lacertidae indet. sp. 1 (UBB V 957/2-4) in lingual views; D, left dentary of Lacertidae indet. sp. 1 (UBB V 958) in lingual view; E-F, dentary fragments of Lacertidae indet. sp. 2 (UBB V 959/3-4) in lingual views; G-I, presacral vertebra of Anguinae indet. sp. 1 (UBB V 964/1) in ventral, lateral and anterior views; J, fragmentary osteoderm of Anguinae indet. sp. 1 (UBB V 964/2) in dorsal view. Scale bar equals 2 mm.

FIGURE 6. A in Symbiosis in corals and stromatoporoids from the Silurian of Baltica

FIGURE 6. A. Conchicolites sp. inside Pseudolabechia sp., coll. No. 2602/6794, the sample was taken from the core of borehole 3660, depth 61,4 m. B. Helicosalpinx concoenatus and Chaetosalpinx sp. in Clathrodictyon sp., coll. No. 2602/6347b, the sample was taken from the core of borehole 3650, depth 234,8 m, Silurian, Ludlow, Ternava Formation, Sursha Unit, Podillya, Ukraine. C. Syringoporid in Parallelostroma communis (longitudinal section), coll. No. 2602/1425, the sample was taken from outcrop No 42, Silurian, Ludlow, Konivka Formation, Goloskiv Unit (Cyclite 3R), Podillya, Ukraine. D. Syringopora sp. inside Parallelostroma communis Bog., coll. No. 2602/92-49e, the sample was taken from outcrop No153, Silurian, Ludlow, Konivka Formation, Goloskiv Unit, Cyclite 1R (Ustia Village, Smotrich River, Podillya, Ukraine). E. Conchicolites sp. inside Clathrodictyon microstriatellum (Riab.), coll. No. 2602/92-244d, the sample was taken from the core of borehole 7v-Mândra (Mândra, Republic of Moldova), depth 694 m. F. Helicosalpinx concoenatus Clarke, 1908 inside Densastroma sp., coll. No. 2602/92-230, the sample was taken from core of borehole 5463, depth 347 m (northern Podillya).

FIGURE 6 in A fragmentary leptonectid ichthyosaurian from the lower Pliensbachian of Luxembourg

FIGURE 6. Diagnostic dental features of Early Jurassic ichthyosaurians with small and elongated tooth crowns. The distribution of concave ring at the level of the acellular cementum ring, which we term here "annulus" (indicated by orange arrows) appears restricted to leptonectids but are not fully expressed in all the teeth of an individual. (A) OUM J10305. (B) BRSMG Ce9856. (C) NHMUK R PV14370. (D) drawing extracted from Fraas (1892). (E) MNHNL LM226. (F) MNHNL TU112. (F) SMNS 81965. (H) MNHNL TV178.

FIGURE 6 in Ovummuridae (calcareous microfossils) from the Much Wenlock Limestone Formation, Shropshire, UK

FIGURE 6. Photomicrographs of Natantesprifmata rogersi (A-D) and Hartonella oblonga (E-H) within the MWL Fm., these specimens are from Longville Stanway (A), Longville Stanway Track (B), Eaton Top (C), Moorwood Quarry (D) and Harton Hollow (E-H). (A) = N. rogersi with a prismatic dorsal chamber (DC) separated from the conical ventral chamber (VC) by a septum-like structure (ss). Apical aperture is present in the DC. (B) = N. rogersi with pyrite within the walls (pyw) of the test. Thickened walls (tw) are present around DC. Note quartz grains (qtz) within the DC infill. (C, D) = N. rogersi showing the typical kite-like shape. (E, F) = H. oblonga showing a large elongated dorsal chamber (DC) separated by a septum-like structure (ss) from its smaller globular ventral chamber. (G) H. oblonga with a pointed VC and a smoother, more oval DC. Bivalve fragment (bv) (top right). (H) An H. oblonga with a thicker than normal wall and elongated ss. Specimen of mg is neighbouring H. oblonga (bottom centre). Sparitic matrix (sp); Biosparitic matrix (bsp). All scale bars equal 50 µm.

FIGURE 6 in Body mass divergence in sympatric deer species of Pleistocene Crete (Greece)

FIGURE 6. Body masses of living and fossil deer. The bars represent the body mass of each species. Similar shades of green unify congeneric taxa. Asterisks indicate insular taxa. The Candiacervus body masses are based on postcranial elements. The body masses are plotted along the phylogenetic tree of Cervidae (adapted from Carotenuto et al., 2015). Animal silhouettes from Phylopic.org.

FIGURE 6 in Geographic and temporal variability in Pleistocene lion-like felids: Implications for their evolution and taxonomy

FIGURE 6. Different types of lion heads in Paleolithic art, maybe indicating the cranial profile type 2 (A), probably the cranial profile type 1 (B), and the cranial profile type 0 (C-F). A: a lion head sculpture from Kostenki near Voronezh, Russia (ca. 23 ka BP, redrawn from Efimenko 1958); B: a lion head sculpture from Vogelherd, Germany (ca. 38-33 ka BP, redrawn from Koenigswald and Schmitt 1987); C: a lion head sculpture from Dolní Věstonice, Moravia–Czech Republic (ca. 27-29 ka BP, redrawn from Jelínek 1972); D: a cave lion depicted in La Marche, France (Magdalenian); E: cave lion pair depicted in Chauvet, France (˂ 26 ka BP); F: cave lions depicted in Chauvet, France (˂ 26 ka BP, redrawn from Clottes 2001). © J. Gullár, 2009-2014 (A–C, F) and the archive of M. Sabol (D and E). Author of illustrations A–C and F is J. Gullár (please, cite it as: J. Gullár in Sabol et al., 2022); D and E are from the archive of M. Sabol.

FIGURE 6 in Cells and soft tissues in fossil bone: A review of preservation mechanisms, with corrections of misconceptions

FIGURE 6. Recrystallization of bone mineral. Note that through geologic time, the crystallite has become enlarged, and many of its original ions have been replaced by other ions from groundwater. Here, ions are not shown to scale with respect to each other or to the size of the crystallite. For details on relative abundances of the various ions in fossil bone, see Hubert et al. (1996); Kiseleva et al. (2019); Ullman et al. (2021); Schroeter et al. (2022); and Ullmann et al. (2022). REE = rare earth elements.

FIGURE 6 in A novel feeding mechanism of diplodocid sauropods revealed in an Apatosaurine skull from the Upper Jurassic Nail Quarry (Morrison Formation) at Como Bluff, Wyoming, USA

FIGURE 6. Reconstruction of the skull of TATE-099 in A) left lateral view, B) right lateral view, C) dorsal view, and D) ventral view. Scale bar equals 10 cm. Artwork by Ryan Steiskal.

FIGURE 6 in Fossil moles from the Gray Fossil Site (Tennessee): Implications for diversification and evolution of North American Talpidae

FIGURE 6. Parascalops grayensis sp. nov. material. ETMNH 20748, nearly complete disarticulated manus parts in dorsal view, A) articulated phalanges with claw cores (digits V - I), B) right trapezium, C) right capitate, D) right ulnar sesamoid, E) left scaphoid, F) left lunar, G) left triquetrum, H) left capitate, and I) left trapezium. ETMNH 24662, left M3 - J) occlusal view. Scale bars equal 1 mm.

FIGURE 6 in Description of contents of unopened bamboo corsets and crates from Quarry Ig/WJ of the Tendaguru locality (Late Jurassic, Tanzania, East Africa) as revealed by medical CT data and the potential of this data under paleontological and historical aspects

FIGURE 6. Examples of bone elements from Dysalotosaurus lettowvorbecki as found in the bamboo corsets, link to corresponding movies. A) "Ig 189, 211, 213", bamboo corset with dentary fragments, dorsal rib shaft, tibia remains, a proximal fibula and some other bone fragments; B) "Ig 401, 415, 416, 417, 472, 475", bamboo corset with well-preserved ilium, proximal fibula, at least two metatarsals and other long bone fragments, as well as a presumed MtII of Giraffatitan brancai in 2 parts; C) "Ig 343, 346, 354, 359, 366, 383", bamboo corset with femur in 3 parts, fragments of ilium and some bone fragments; D) "Ig 335, 336, 338, 368", bamboo corset with 1 humerus, 1 femur, tibia and fibula as proximal parts and other bone fragments; E) "Ig 537, 540, 547, 549, 562", bamboo corset with vertebral centra, 2 isolated neural arches, a coracoid, a distal femur, a metatarsal and other bone fragments; F) "Ig 522, 527, 528, 539, 543, 544", bamboo corset with tibia and fibula, ulna and other bone fragments. Scale bar is 50 mm. Abbreviations: cor, coracoid; df, dentary fragment; dori, dorsal rib; fe, femur; fib, fibula; hu, humerus; ili, ilium; isc, ischium; MtII, second metatarsal of Giraffatitan; mt, metatarsal (of Dysalotosaurus); nar, neural arch; tib, tibia; uln, ulna; vc, vertebral centrum. Videos of A) to F) available at the PE You Tube channel (https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCF6IBDiGbut- DrVada60Izyg)

FIGURE 6. TMM 40197-2665 in Anchitheriomys buceei (Rodentia, Castoridae) from the Miocene of Texas and a review of the Miocene beavers from the Texas Coastal Plain, USA

FIGURE 6. TMM 40197-2665. Anchitheriomys buceei (holotype), A – right side (anterior to right), B – dorsal view (anterior to right), C – left side (anterior to left), D – ventral view (anterior to top). Images rendered from CT data volume.

FIGURE 6 in Morphological insights into the lobster genus Uncina Quenstedt, 1851 based on new material from the Ya Ha Tinda Konservat-Lagerstätte, Canada (Early Jurassic)

FIGURE 6. Box plots of morphometric measurements from Uncina species; the tops and bottoms of the colored boxes indicate the first and third quartile respectively and the solid black lines within represent medians. The whiskers outside of the boxes represent the lowest and highest datum (within 1.5 times the interquartile range), open circles outside of the whiskers indicate outliers; "n" refers to number of specimens (per species) with which that variable could be measured. A) Ratio of the propodus notch length to notch height in different species of Uncina. B) Ratio of the index length to index height in different species of Uncina. C) Total length of chelae in different species of Uncina. D) Ratio of manus length to index length in different species of Uncina. E) Ratio of the dactylus thickness to index height in different species of Uncina. F) Ratio of manus height at its minimum to manus height maximum for each uncinid species.

FIGURE 6. X-Y in Oldest record of Alligator in southeastern North America

FIGURE 6. X-Y scatter plot of premaxillary-maxillary suture lengths compared to dorsal skull length of extant Alligator (n = 22). Linear regression is best-fit line (R2 = 0.9917).

FIGURE 6. Laeviprosopon fraasi A - NHMW 1990 in A new approach to the systematics of Laeviprosopon (Brachyura: Homolidae), with remarks on the molting process of early brachyurans

FIGURE 6. Laeviprosopon fraasi A - NHMW 1990/0041/3295, Ernstbrunn; B - NHMW 1990/0041/4051, Ernstbrunn; C - holotype, BSP AS III 309, Štramberk; D - NHMW 1990/0041/3295; E - NHM W1990/0041/4051; F - holotype, BSP AS III 309. Orbital margin marked with an arrow. lh – linea homolica. Scale bars equal 1.0 mm.

FIGURE 6 in The anatomy and diversity of the pterosaurian sternum

FIGURE 6. The sterna of the scaphognathids A) Fenghuangopterus (based on a photo), B) Scaphognathus (based on Wellnhofer, 1978) and C) Nesodactylus (based on Colbert et al., 1969). These are seen in, A ventral view, B dorsal view, Ci ventral and Cii left lateral view (mirrored from the origins right lateral view, dotted line indicates the restored part of the cristospine, following Colbert et al.). Scale bars are A 10 mm, B 10 mm, and C 20 mm.

FIGURE 6 in A large coelacanth, †Whiteia giganteus sp. nov., from the Triassic of Texas, USA, establishes a Pangean radiation of early Mesozoic actinistians

FIGURE 6. Phylogenetic position of †Whiteia giganteus gen. et sp. nov. Strict consensus topology derived from phylogenetic analysis of the 59 OTU, 110-character-dataset in the parsimony program TNT v. 1.5. Numbers indicate bootstrap support values.

FIGURE 6 in Teganium (Porifera, Hexactinellida) from the Middle Ordovician Castle Bank fauna of Avalonia (Wales, UK)

FIGURE 6. Teganium sp., from the Middle Ordovician Castle Bank Biota, Wales. A, NMW.2021.3G.76i and ii, overall view, with positions of detail images indicated by boxes (all rotated). B, apex of NMW.2021.3G.76i, apex of sponge showing extensive marginalia; C, detail of body wall showing characteristic texture (boxed area enlarged inset); D, apex of NMW.2021.3G.76ii, with oscular margin and trace of marginalia. Scale bars: A equals 10 mm; B–D equal 1 mm.

FIGURE 6 in Simulating our ability to accurately detect abrupt changes in assemblage-based paleoenvironmental proxies

FIGURE 6. Effect of varying completeness with the duration of transition intervals. Simulation results with 25% completeness and transition lengths 0.001 times the event duration for A; and 25% completeness with transition lengths of five times the event duration for B. Background DCA-1 value is -0.5 and no bioturbation occurs. Excursion magnitude (y-axis) indicates the difference between the simulated background DCA-1 value and the simulated event DCA- 1 value. Resolution potential (x-axis) is the event duration divided by the time represented by the sample interval. Color shading indicates the median excursion magnitude of all samples that intersect an event. Contour lines show the parameter space where 50% (dashed line), 75% (dotted line) and 95% (solid line) of events are accurately detected.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2023View details →

FIGURE 6 in Petrodactyle wellnhoferi gen. et sp. nov.: A new and large ctenochasmatid pterosaur from the Late Jurassic of Germany

FIGURE 6. Close ups of key parts of the skull of Petrodactyle. A, detail of the upwards curved rostrum and anterior dentition under natural light (scale bar with 1 mm division). B, detail of the premaxillary crest under natural light showing the striations, the differing texture on the anteriodorsal part of this (scale bar in cm with mm divisions). C, photo of the notch at the anterior base of the crest (arrow), posterior alveoli and part of the palate under UV light showing (scale bar is 10 mm).

FIGURE 6 in Linking burrow morphology to the behaviors of predatory soil arthropods: Applications to continental ichnofossils

FIGURE 6. Burrow morphology: openings and architecture. A) Elliptical burrow opening of Scolopendra polymorpha. B) Circular burrow opening of Hysterocrates gigas surrounded by a mound of excavated sediment. C) Paired triangular burrow openings of Pandinus imperator. D) Simple vertical burrow of Gorgyrella inermis with a single entrance. E) Vertical branching burrow of Pelinobus muticus with a single entrance. F) Vertical burrow Hysterocrates gigas with large terminal chamber and a single entrance. G) Subvertical helical burrow of Aphopelma chalcodes with a single entrance. H) J-shaped burrow of Mastigoproctus giganteus with a single entrance. I) U-shaped burrow of M. giganteus with two entrances. J) Y-shaped burrow of M. giganteus with two entrances. K) Mazework of M. giganteus with five entrances (at numbers). L) U-shaped burrow of S. polymorpha with two entrances. M) Mazework of S. polymorpha with four entrances (at numbers).