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3,630 results for “Forming”
Data and code for: Two dominant forms of multisite similarity decline – their origins and interpretation
<p>Contains data and code for peer review of the draft manuscript '<span>Two dominant forms of multisite similarity decline – their origins and interpretation</span>' in review at Ecology and Evolution (Manuscript ID: ECE-2022-10-01523).</p> <p>The data are a subset of the <strong>metaCommunity Ecology: Species, Traits, Environment and Space; "CESTES"</strong> database reported in <em>A global database for metacommunity ecology, integrating species, traits, environment and space</em> by A. Jeliazkov, D. Mijatovic, S. Chantepie, N. Andrew, R. Arlettaz, L. Barbaro, et al. Scientific Data 2020 Vol. 7 Issue 1 Pages e6. Data were downloaded from the Figshare repository: <a href="https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.4459637">https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.4459637</a> on 9 Nov 2021.</p>
Data for: The conserved centrosomin motif, γTuNA, forms a dimer that directly activates microtubule nucleation by the γ-tubulin ring complex (γTuRC)
<p>To establish the microtubule cytoskeleton, the cell must tightly regulate when and where microtubules are nucleated. This regulation involves controlling the initial nucleation template, the γ-tubulin ring complex (γTuRC). Although γTuRC is present throughout the cytoplasm, its activity is restricted to specific sites including the centrosome and Golgi. The well-conserved γ-tubulin nucleation activator (γTuNA) domain has been reported to increase the number of microtubules (MTs) generated by γTuRCs. However, previously we and others observed that γTuNA had a minimal effect on the activity of antibody-purified Xenopus γTuRCs in vitro (Thawani et al., eLife, 2020; Liu et al., 2020). Here we instead report, based on improved versions of γTuRC, γTuNA, and our TIRF assay, the first real-time observation that γTuNA directly increases γTuRC activity in vitro, which is thus a bona fide γTuRC activator. We further validate this effect in Xenopus egg extract. Via mutation analysis, we find that γTuNA is an obligate dimer. Moreover, efficient dimerization as well as γTuNA's L70, F75, and L77 residues are required for binding to and activation of γTuRC. Finally, we find that γTuNA's activating effect opposes inhibitory regulation by stathmin. In sum, our improved assays prove that direct γTuNA binding strongly activates γTuRCs, explaining previously observed effects of γTuNA expression in cells and illuminating how γTuRC-mediated microtubule nucleation is regulated.</p>
Fig. 2 in Observations on the bloom-forming jellyfish Crambionella stuhlmanni (Chun, 1896) in the St Lucia Estuary, South Africa
Fig. 2. Map of the St Lucia estuarine lake, showing the main basins and stations within the system.
Integrative taxonomy, larval biology and functional morphology of the little known gall-forming coral endoparasite Petrarca (Thecostraca: Ascothoracida)
<p><em><span>Petrarca</span></em><span> is an ascothoracidan endoparasite in scleratinian dendrophyllid corals</span><span>. <em>Petrarca</em> can stimulate coral growth, forming a gall chamber to house itself inside the coral skeleton. The diversity, molecular phylogeny and feeding ecology of <em>Petrarca</em> are understudied. This is the first study of Petrarca to be based on light and scanning electron microscopy to document the fine-scale external and functional morphology of its trophi and other structures. A combined molecular and morphological approach revealed at least four closely related species of <em>Petrarca</em>, <em>P. goanna</em>, <em>P. morula</em>, <em>Petrarca nozawai </em>sp. nov. and <em>Petrarca rubus</em> sp. nov in <em>Turbinaria</em> and <em>Astreopora</em> corals in Asia. Carapace shape and fine morphology, ultrastructure of the antennular aesthetasc, morphological characteristics of the trophi and the shape and size of the penis rami are diagnostic characters. Several morphological characters, </span><span>which are all probably synapomorphies, have been proposed to distinguish the genus <em>Petrarca</em> from other Ascothoracida. M</span><span>outhparts morphology of </span><span><em>Petrarca</em> </span><span>are developed for cutting and chewing, rather than for piercing and sucking as in many other Ascothoracida. </span><span>The external surface of the carapace of<em> Petrarca</em> is ornamented with densely packed secretory papillae used putatively for the chemical dissolution of the substrate necessary for the formation of the gall chamber.</span></p>
Data and Results form Research: Kolakovic et al. - Estimation
<p>Data and Results form Research: Kolakovic et al. - Estimation of large river designed-floods using the peaks-over-threshold (POT) method (Sustainability).</p>
Measures of urban form and mobility energy use indices for each census tract in the United States
<p>This dataset contains data on urban form (the configuration of the built environment) for each census tract in the United States, encompassing density (destination access), land use diversity (entropy), road network properties, road network capacity relative to the surrounding population, and public transit access. Metrics are measured around the centroid of each census tract in multiple given radii. The data also contain other publicly available metrics for each census tract that may be helpful, such as each tract's associated city, zipcode, and county name, area and water area, and centroid coordinates. Certain measures resemble those available in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agencies' Smart Location database or were derived from them, while others were compiled using additional data sources and the statistical model presented in the associated main article. Specifically, the data presented here contain travel energy use indices for each census tract, reflecting the estimated difference in daily land-based mobility energy use per capita relative to the baseline (the U.S. average) as a result of that environment's particular urban form. </p>
Eusocial evolution without a nest: kin structure of social aphids forming open colonies on bamboo
<p><span>Living in nests is an almost universal feature of eusocial animals. In some aphids, however, sterile soldier castes have evolved in open colonies without a nest. To clarify the factors promoting the evolution of eusociality in these colonies, we used newly developed microsatellite markers to compare the kin structure of the open colonies of two aphid species on bamboo: the non-eusocial colonies of <em>Astegopteryx bambucifoliae</em> and the eusocial colonies of <em>Pseudoregma alexanderi</em>on <em>Dendrocalamus latiflorus</em>. </span><br><br><span>Our samples, from over 1,000 hectares, contained 99 clones of <em>A. bambucifoliae</em> and 19 of <em>P. alexanderi</em>. Clonal mixing occurred in both species: average pairwise relatedness within a colony was 0.54 in <em>A. bambucifoliae</em> and 0.71 in <em>P. alexanderi</em>. Each clone of <em>A. bambucifoliae</em> occurred in a unique location, whereas those of <em>P. alexander</em>i occurred in multiple locations and more than 90% of individuals came from just four clones. There was significant genetic variation among different colonies in the same clu</span><span>mp (stem-cluster)</span><span> in <em>A. bambucifoliae</em> but not in <em>P. alexanderi</em>, indicating that <em>P. alexanderi</em> colonies in a</span><span> single</span><span> clump are genetically homogenized, functioning as a large colony. In <em>P. alexanderi</em>, the proportion of sterile soldiers to normal first-instar nymphs was significantly different across the four clones. </span><br><br><span>Our results indicate that the lack of input of migrants from the primary host and feeding on a large, stable host plant are important ecological factors that might favour the evolution of eusociality, enabling the production of genetically homogenised, large, and long-lived colonies. After eusociality evolves on the secondary host, the optimal strategy of soldier production might vary between different clones.</span></p>
Data from: Are all forms of defense lost on islands? Persistence of an indirect defensive trait in six island colonists from New Zealand
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>The loss of defense hypothesis posits that island colonizers experience a release from predation on the mainland and subsequently lose their defensive adaptations. However, while support for the hypothesis from direct defensive traits is abundant, far less is known about indirect defensive traits. Leaf domatia are cave-like structures produced on the underside of leaves that facilitate an indirect defensive interaction with predaceous and microbivorous mites. I tested the loss of defense hypothesis in six domatia-bearing taxa inhabiting New Zealand and its offshore islands. No support for the loss of defense hypothesis was found. Changes in domatia investment were instead associated with changes in leaf size – a trait that has been repeatedly observed to undergo rapid evolution on islands. Overall results suggest that not all types of defense are lost on islands. </span></p>
Data for "Gullies on Mars could have formed by melting of water ice during periods of high obliquity."
<p>Code, movies and climate model outputs for "Gullies on Mars could have formed by melting of water ice during periods of high obliquity" by Dickson et al. Science, 2023.</p>
Data Extraction Form
<p>This Excel sheet contains the data extraction and quality assessment for our Systematic Literature Review (SLR) titled "Challenges in Constructing Deep Learning Software - A Systematic Literature Review."</p>
Automated diagnosis of prostate cancer using artificial intelligence. A systematic literature review. Extraction and Summary Forms.
<p>Extraction and summary forms of a systematic literature review protocol detailed by Barbara Kitchenham for automated diagnosis of prostate cancer using artificial intelligence articles. </p>
Infrared action spectroscopy as tool for probing gas-phase dynamics: Protonated Dimethyl Ether ((CH3)2OH+) formed by the reaction of CH3OH2+ with CH3OH
<p>The series of folder contain the .log files from Gaussian(R) 16 of the different species and at different level of theories, as specified in the subfolders and filenames. The data refer to calculations that have been submitted for publication as an original research paper:</p> <p>Title: "Infrared action spectroscopy as tool for probing gas-phase dynamics: Protonated Dimethyl Ether, (CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>OH<sup>+</sup>, formed by the reaction of CH<sub>3</sub>OH<sub>2</sub><sup>+</sup> with CH<sub>3</sub>OH</p> <p>Journal: Molecular Physics</p> <p>Authors: V. Richardson, D.B. Rap, S. Brünken and D. Ascenzi</p>
Data from: Form function relationships support fast ecological shift in a lizard
<p>Macroevolutionary changes such as variation in habitat use or diet are often associated with convergent, adaptive changes in morphology. However, it is still unclear how small-scale morphological variation at the population level can drive shifts in ecology as observed at a macroevolutionary scale. Here, we address this question by investigating how variation in cranial form and feeding mechanics relate to rapid changes in diet in an insular lizard (<em>Podarcis siculus</em>) after experimental introduction into a new environment. We first quantified differences in the skull and jaw muscle architecture between the source and introduced population using 3D geometric morphometrics and dissections. Next, we tested the impact of the observed variation in morphology on the mechanical performance of the masticatory system using computer-based biomechanical simulation techniques. Our results show that the small differences in shape, combined with variation in muscle architecture, can result in significant differences in performance allowing access to novel trophic resources. The confrontation of these data with the already described macroevolutionary relationships between cranial form and function in these insular lizards provides insights into how selection can, over relatively short time scales, drive major changes in ecology through its impact on mechanical performance.</p>
Dataset for Spatial and polarization division multiplexing harnessing on-chip optical beam forming
<p>This dataset contains the raw data for the figures (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6, Fig. S1, Fig. S2 and Fig. S3) in the publication entitled "Spatial and polarization division multiplexing harnessing on-chip optical beam forming" published by Laser & Photonics Reviews (DOI: 10.1002/lpor.202300298). Datafiles are in .txt format.</p> <p>All relevant information regarding the dataset, how it was obtained and its context is contained in the manuscript and the supporting information.</p>
HOW TO FORM A PRODUCER SERVICING ECOLOGY LEADING TO COMPETITIVE DIGITAL TRADE? -FROM INDUSTRIAL CLUSTER PERSPECTIVE
<p>Digital trade includes cross-border e-commerce focus on goods trade and digital service trade focus on service trade. Digital service trade refers to the service trade that can be delivered digitally or has the potential of digital delivery, including insurance services, financial services, intellectual property services, telecommunications, computer and information services, other business services and cultural and entertainment services (UNCTAD,2020), this study mainly examine the contribution of 28 manufacturing industries in China to the competitiveness of digital services trade in these six categories.</p> <p>Data are drawn from Ministry of Commerce, State Administration of Foreign Exchange, International Trade Center (ITC),China Statistical Yearbook, ILO Statistics, China Input-Output Table.</p>
Data from: Developmental exposure to the Parkinson's disease-associated organochlorine pesticide dieldrin alters dopamine neurotransmission in α-synuclein pre-formed fibril (PFF)-injected mice
<p>Parkinson's disease (PD) is the fastest-growing neurological diseases worldwide, with increases outpacing aging and most rapid in recently industrialized areas, suggesting the role of environmental factors. Together, epidemiological studies, post-mortem analysis and mechanistic studies suggest that exposure to persistent organic pollutants, including the organochlorine pesticide dieldrin, increases PD risk. In mouse models, developmental dieldrin exposure causes male-specific exacerbation of neuronal susceptibility to MPTP and synucleinopathy. Specifically, developmental dieldrin exposure induces male-specific exacerbation of toxicity in the α-synuclein (α-syn) pre-formed fibril (PFF) model with increased deficits in striatal dopamine (DA) turnover and motor deficits on the challenging beam. Here, we hypothesized that alterations in DA handling contribute to the observed changes and assessed vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) function and DA release in this dieldrin/PFF two-hit model. Female C57BL/6 mice were exposed to 0.3 mg/kg dieldrin or vehicle every 3 days by feeding, starting at 8 weeks of age by ingestion and continuing throughout breeding, gestation, and lactation. Male offspring from independent litters underwent unilateral, intrastriatal injections of α-syn PFFs at 12 weeks of age and vesicular <sup>3</sup>H-DA uptake assays and fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) were performed at 4 months post-PFF injection. We observed a dieldrin-induced increase in DA release in striatal slices in PFF-injected animals, but no change in VMAT2 activity. These results suggest that developmental dieldrin exposure increases a compensatory response to synucleinopathy-triggered striatal DA loss and supports our hypothesis that alterations in DA handling may underly the observed exacerbation of PFF-induced deficits in motor behavior and DA turnover.</p>
Geometrical forms and influencing factors of distributive fluvial system
<p>Distributive Fluvial System developed around Sugan Lake Basin is studied by using geographic information software such as Google Earth, Global Mapper and digital elevation model(DEM). The gradient, fan radius,draining basin area and perimeter,the area and perimeter of DFSs around Sugan Lake Basin are analyzed.</p>
Figure 11 in Stabilizing selection to maintain the two male forms of the jumping spider Maevia inclemens (Araneae: Salticidae: Marpissina), version 2
Figure 11. Sequential (1-2) views of encounter between the two male forms of Maevia inclemens. Apart from a brief defensive reaction by the grey male (2), no ritual combat ensued and the males did not appear to recognize that they were conspecific.
Figure 9 in Stabilizing selection to maintain the two male forms of the jumping spider Maevia inclemens (Araneae: Salticidae: Marpissina), version 2
Figure 9. Five sequential matings (1-2, 3, 4, 5-6, 7) of the two male forms with the same female Maevia inclemens over the course of five days. 1-2, This mating was interrupted as the male switched from one side to the other, but after an atypical low crawl display with legs I extended, the tufted male quickly recaptured the female and continued to mate on the other side. 5-6, mating on the right and then left sides. Note the many erect spines on the legs of the mating male in each instance.
Figure 10 in Stabilizing selection to maintain the two male forms of the jumping spider Maevia inclemens (Araneae: Salticidae: Marpissina), version 2
Figure 10. Attempted mating by the grey male Maevia inclemens. This sequence shows how the male jumped the female while she was suspended from her dragline, just after capturing a fly (1), and attempted to mate with her (2). The female promptly released her prey, and the male then fed on it for many minutes (3-4), still in a suspended position [23 JUNE 2020 14:09- 14:13]. Three days later this male approached and mated successfully with the female for a second time (Figures 5:1-7, 9:7).
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.