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1,113 results for “WoRMS”
The data of ~160 worms during odor avoidance behavior before or after learning
<p>The Excel files contain x and y positions (mm), the odor concentration at the position (micro-M) and the behavioral states (Run or Pirouette) of ~160 Caenorhabditis elegansin naive (before learning) or preexposed (after learning) conditionduring 121-720 s of the odor avoidance assay. </p>
Figure 2 from: Martins MF, de Moraes SC, Cohen SC, Cárdenas MQ, Galvão C (2020) First record of a mermithid worm (Nematoda, Mermithidae) parasitizing a third instar nymph of Triatoma sordida (Stål, 1859) (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae) from Mato Grosso, Brazil. ZooKeys 980: 79-91. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.980.55865
Figure 2 Mermithid: A specimen emerging from the posterior end of the third stage nymph of Triatoma sordida (Stål, 1859) collected in a chicken coop in Araguaiana, Mato Grosso, Brazil in December 2018 B specimen on microscope slide.
Figure 1 from: Martins MF, de Moraes SC, Cohen SC, Cárdenas MQ, Galvão C (2020) First record of a mermithid worm (Nematoda, Mermithidae) parasitizing a third instar nymph of Triatoma sordida (Stål, 1859) (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae) from Mato Grosso, Brazil. ZooKeys 980: 79-91. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.980.55865
Figure 1 Map of the distribution of Triatoma sordida, showing the studied locality "Fazenda Lago Azul" in Araguaiana, Mato Grosso, Brazil (15°43'47"S, 51°49'26"W).
Figure 3 from: Martins MF, de Moraes SC, Cohen SC, Cárdenas MQ, Galvão C (2020) First record of a mermithid worm (Nematoda, Mermithidae) parasitizing a third instar nymph of Triatoma sordida (Stål, 1859) (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae) from Mato Grosso, Brazil. ZooKeys 980: 79-91. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.980.55865
Figure 3 Chicken coop on "Fazenda Lago Azul", Araguaiana, Mato Grosso, Brazil where the nymph of Triatoma sordida was found.
Figure 4 from: Martins MF, de Moraes SC, Cohen SC, Cárdenas MQ, Galvão C (2020) First record of a mermithid worm (Nematoda, Mermithidae) parasitizing a third instar nymph of Triatoma sordida (Stål, 1859) (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae) from Mato Grosso, Brazil. ZooKeys 980: 79-91. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.980.55865
Figure 4 Mermithid nematode of Triatoma sordida observed by differential interference contrast (DIC). A Anterior portion B posterior portion showing the tail end ring. Scale bars: 60 mm (A); 150 mm (B).
Data from: Social behaviour and collective motion in plant-animal worms
Social behaviour may enable organisms to occupy ecological niches that would otherwise be unavailable to them. Here we test this major evolutionary principle by demonstrating self-organizing social behaviour in the plant-animal, Symsagittifera roscoffensis. These marine aceol flat worms rely for all of their nutrition on the algae within their bodies: hence their common name. We show that individual worms interact with one another to co-ordinate their movements so that even at low densities they begin to swim in small polarized groups and at increasing densities such flotillas turn into circular mills. We use computer simulations to: (1) determine if real worms interact socially by comparing them with virtual worms that do not interact and (2) show that the social phase transitions of the real worms can occur based only on local interactions between and among them. We hypothesize that such social behaviour helps the worms to form the dense biofilms or mats observed on certain sun-exposed sandy beaches in the upper intertidal of the East Atlantic and to become in effect a super-organismic seaweed in a habitat where macro-algal seaweeds cannot anchor themselves. S. roscoffensis, a model organism in many other areas in biology (including stem cell regeneration), also seems to be an ideal model for understanding how individual behaviours can lead, through collective movement, to social assemblages.
Data from: Fluorescent sperm in a transparent worm: validation of a GFP marker to study sexual selection
Background: Sexual selection has initially been thought to occur exclusively at the precopulatory stage in terms of contests among males and female mate choice, but research over the last four decades revealed that it often continues after copulation through sperm competition and cryptic female choice. However, studying these postcopulatory processes remains challenging because they occur internally and therefore are often difficult to observe. In the transparent free-living flatworm Macrostomum lignano, a recently established transgenic line that expresses green fluorescent protein (GFP) in all cell types, including sperm, offers a unique opportunity to non-invasively visualise and quantify the sperm of a GFP-expressing donor inside the reproductive tract of wild-type recipients in vivo. We here test several aspects of the reproductive performance of the transgenic individuals and the accuracy of the techniques involved in assessing the GFP-expressing worms and their sperm. We then show the usefulness of these methods in a study on sperm displacement. Results: GFP-expressing worms do not differ from wild-type worms in terms of morphology, mating rate and reproductive success. In addition, we show that the GFP signal is reliably and unequivocally expressed by all GFP-expressing individuals observed under epifluorescence illumination. However, the intensity of the GFP signal emitted by sperm of GFP expressing donors can vary (which we show to be at least in part due to sperm ageing) and the GFP marker is inherited according to Mendel's laws in most, but not all, of the individuals. Nevertheless, we argue these two issues can be addressed with an appropriate experimental design. Finally, we demonstrate the value of the GFP-techniques by comparing the number of GFP-expressing sperm in a wild-type recipient before and after mating with a competing sperm donor, providing clear experimental evidence for sperm displacement in M. lignano. This result suggests that sperm donors can displace previously stored sperm and replace it with their own. Conclusion: The availability of the GFP-techniques in a transparent organism provide unique opportunities to visualise and quantify internal processes in the female reproductive tract after mating, which opens new avenues in the study of sexual selection.
Data from: Hiding behavior in Christmas tree worms on different time scales
Many animals escape predators by hiding. Hiding decisions are economic in that individuals trade off the physiological costs of hiding with the benefits of increased security. The number of conspecifics may increase competition, security, or attract predators, influencing predation risk. We studied hiding time in Christmas tree worms (Spirobranchus giganteus), sessile marine invertebrates, which lived with 0–17 other worms within 20cm. Competition and predation risk reduction both predict a shorter latency to re-emerge given the necessity to feed and potential for safety in numbers, respectively. In contrast, if grouped worms attract more predators, individuals should hide longer. We experimentally induced hiding in 174 worms and found a significant, positive relationship between hiding time and number of conspecifics. We repeated the test 4 consecutive times in 1 day on a subset of 30 worms that were either solitary or lived with one other untested worm. We found that worms with longer hiding times habituated more quickly than worms with shorter hiding times, and that the individual worm explained 55.8% of the variation in hiding time. When we conducted the trials for 4 days, we found that the individual worm explained 41.75% of the variation, but no evidence of behavioral plasticity. Worm antipredator responses were consistently individualistic, but behavioral plasticity was only evident over short time scales. For sessile marine invertebrates, higher densities may attract predators, enhancing rather than diluting predation risk. Worms that cannot move away from their neighbors, thus seemingly modify antipredator behavior in consistent ways.
Figure 1 in A bloom of the green worm Phyllodoce tuberculosa Kudenov, 1975 in a beach of the Southern Gulf of California, Mexico (Annelida, Errantia, Phyllodocidae)
Figure 1. Map of Mazatlán showing the study area.
FIGURE 2 in Description of a new species of worm salamander (Caudata, Plethodontidae, Oedipina) in the subgenus Oedopinola from the central portion of the Cordillera Nombre de Dios, Honduras
FIGURE 2. Subadult male holotype of Oedipina petiola (USNM 343462; SVL = 42.6 mm) in life.
FIGURE 1 in The first record of an association between a pontoniine shrimp (Crustacea: Decapoda: Palaemonidae: Pontoniinae) and a thalassematid spoon worm (Echiura: Thalassematidae), with the description of a new shrimp species
FIGURE 1. Eupontonia nudirostris sp. nov., holotype, non-ovigerous female, general view.
FIGURE 1 in Two new species of scale worms (Polychaeta: Aphroditiformia) from deep-sea habitats in the Gulf of Cadiz (NE Atlantic)
FIGURE 1. Map with the location of the sampling sites.
FIGURE 1 in New records of ribbon worms (Nemertea) from Ceará, Northeast Brazil
FIGURE 1. Map of South America emphasizing coast of Ceará, circles mark the sampling sites.
FIGURE 4 in A new species and new record of deep-sea scale-worms (Polynoidae: Polychaeta) from the Okinawa Trough and the South China Sea
FIGURE 4. Lepidonotopodium okinawae sp. nov. a. Dorsal view. b. Same, ventral view. Scale bars=3mm.
Supplementary material 1 from: Oliveira IS (2023) An updated world checklist of velvet worms (Onychophora) with notes on nomenclature and status of names. ZooKeys 1184: 133-260. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1184.107286
Number of valid species and nomina dubia currently assigned to each genus of Onychophora
Supplementary material 2 from: Oliveira IS (2023) An updated world checklist of velvet worms (Onychophora) with notes on nomenclature and status of names. ZooKeys 1184: 133-260. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1184.107286
Summary of all species and genera currently assigned to Onychophora
FIGURE 1 in New records for associations between peritrich protozoan ciliates (Ciliophora, Sessilida) and polychaete worms (Annelida) from off the southeastern coast of India
FIGURE 1. Map showing the location of the sampling sites.
Fig. 8 in Three Species of Ribbon Worms (Nemertea) from Cebu, the Philippines
Fig. 8. Prosadenoporus olympiae sp. nov., A, C–F, H–I, photomicrographs of transverse sections, holotype, PNM 4645; B, G, photomicrographs of longitudinal sections, paratype, PNM 4646. A, Body wall in foregut region; B, body wall in intestinal region; C, proboscis insertion (indicated by arrowheads); D, enlargement of neurochord cell; E, precerebral region, showing cerebral organ and cephalic glands; F, G, precerebral regions through frontal organ; H, near anterior tip through openings of frontal organ and rhynchodaeum; I, foregut–pylorus junction.
Evidence of nest material kleptoparasitism in Worm-eating Warblers (Helmitheros vermivorum) in east-central Arkansas, USA
<p>Nest material kleptoparasitism likely evolved in birds to reduce the cost of searching for and collecting material themselves. Although nest material kleptoparasitism has been reported commonly in colonially nesting species, reports for solitary breeding species are infrequent, especially for neotropical migratory species. Here we report potential and actual nest material kleptoparasitism in the Worm-eating Warbler (<i>Helmitheros vermivorum</i>). We deployed video camera systems at passerine nests (n = 81) in east-central Arkansas during summers 2011–2012. In one video, we observed a Worm-eating Warbler stealing nesting material from a Hooded Warbler (<i>Setophaga citrina</i>) nest. One day later, we later observed a Worm-eating Warbler landing within 0.5 m of the same warbler nest when the female was incubating, which possibly deterred a second theft of nesting material. In a third video recording, we observed another Worm-eating Warbler landing within 1 m of an Indigo Bunting (<i>Passerina cyanea</i>) nest. As far as we could determine, neither of these latter two nest visits resulted in nest material kleptoparasitism. Potential benefits of nest material kleptoparasitism include reduced competition for limited nest materials, easy access to suitable material, reduced travel distance, and reduction of nest predation risk; however, costs include risk of attack by host or introducing parasites to one's nest. Importantly, this behavior could ultimately affect the behavioral and life history evolution of a species. We suggest further work should be conducted to determine the prevalence of nest material kleptoparasitism in Worm-eating Warblers and other solitary breeding passerines, including efforts to quantify the benefits and costs of this behavior.</p>
Figure 1 in New records of sclerozoan fan worms in Acropora sp. from the Gulf of Mannar, south-eastern coast of India (Annelida: Sabellidae)
Figure 1. Map of the collection site.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.