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text-fig. 6. Skull reconstructions of representatives of Cretaceous OTUs in left lateral view, a, abelisaurid Camotaurus sastrei, Late Cretaceous (Campanian), Gorro Frigio Formation, Argentina; based on Bonaparte et al. (1990) and MACN CH 894. b, composite skull of a generalized baryonychid; mainly based on Suchomimus tenerensis (MNN GDF 501, 503-506) and Irritator challenged (SMNS 58022), with some elements reconstructed after Baryonyx walkeri (BMNH R 9951). c, carcharodontosaurid Carcharodontosaurus sahariens, Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian), Kem Kem beds, Morocco; based on Sereno et al. (1996) and SGM-Din 1, unpreserved elements shaded. D, dromaeosaurid Velociraptor mongoliensis, Late Cretaceous (Campanian), Djadokhta Formation, Mongolia; based on Barsbold (1983), Barsbold and Osmólska (1999), and AMNH 6515. e, ornithomimosaur Dromiceiomimus brevitertius, Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian), Horseshoe Canyon Formation, Alberta, Canada; redrawn from Russell (1972). F, oviraptorosaur Oviraptor philoceratops, Late Cretaceous (Campanian), Djadokhta Formation, Mongolia; redrawn from Barsbold et al. (1990). G, therizinosauroid Erlikosaurus andrewsi, Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian- Turonian), Baynshiren Svita, Mongolia; based on Clark et al. (1994). H, tyrannosaurid Gorgosaurus libratus, Late Cretaceous (Campanian), Judith River Formation, Alberta, Canada, redrawn from Molnar et al. (1990). Abbreviations as in Text-figures 4 and 5, and: acc. op., accessory opening of unknown function in the premaxilla of Oviraptor (Barsbold et al. 1990); amf, anterior maxillary foramen; pn, pneumatic openings. Scale bars represent 50 mm (d-g) and 100 mm (a-c, h). in The interrelationships and evolution of basal theropod dinosaurs

text-fig. 6. Skull reconstructions of representatives of Cretaceous OTUs in left lateral view, a, abelisaurid Camotaurus sastrei, Late Cretaceous (Campanian), Gorro Frigio Formation, Argentina; based on Bonaparte et al. (1990) and MACN CH 894. b, composite skull of a generalized baryonychid; mainly based on Suchomimus tenerensis (MNN GDF 501, 503-506) and Irritator challenged (SMNS 58022), with some elements reconstructed after Baryonyx walkeri (BMNH R 9951). c, carcharodontosaurid Carcharodontosaurus sahariens, Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian), Kem Kem beds, Morocco; based on Sereno et al. (1996) and SGM-Din 1, unpreserved elements shaded. D, dromaeosaurid Velociraptor mongoliensis, Late Cretaceous (Campanian), Djadokhta Formation, Mongolia; based on Barsbold (1983), Barsbold and Osmólska (1999), and AMNH 6515. e, ornithomimosaur Dromiceiomimus brevitertius, Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian), Horseshoe Canyon Formation, Alberta, Canada; redrawn from Russell (1972). F, oviraptorosaur Oviraptor philoceratops, Late Cretaceous (Campanian), Djadokhta Formation, Mongolia; redrawn from Barsbold et al. (1990). G, therizinosauroid Erlikosaurus andrewsi, Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian- Turonian), Baynshiren Svita, Mongolia; based on Clark et al. (1994). H, tyrannosaurid Gorgosaurus libratus, Late Cretaceous (Campanian), Judith River Formation, Alberta, Canada, redrawn from Molnar et al. (1990). Abbreviations as in Text-figures 4 and 5, and: acc. op., accessory opening of unknown function in the premaxilla of Oviraptor (Barsbold et al. 1990); amf, anterior maxillary foramen; pn, pneumatic openings. Scale bars represent 50 mm (d-g) and 100 mm (a-c, h).

text-fig. 5. Skull reconstructions of representatives of Jurassic OTUs in left lateral view, a, Dilophosaurus wetherilli, Early Jurassic (Sinemurian-Pliensbachian), Kayenta Formation, Arizona, USA; based on UCMP V 4214 and V 6468. B, Syntarsus rhodesiensis, Early Jurassic (Hettangian-Sinemurian), Forest Sandstone, Zimbabwe; composite reconstruction based on many isolated skull elements from the National Museum of Natural History in Harare (see Appendix), c, Magnosaurus oxoniensis, Middle Jurassic (Callovian), Oxford Clay, England; based on OUM J 13558, unpreserved elements shaded. D, Monolophosaurus jiangi, Middle Jurassic, Wucaiwan Formation, China; redrawn from Zhao and Currie (1993b). E, Allosaurus fragilis, Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian-Tithonian), Morrison Formation, USA; based on MOR 693. f, basal bird Archaeopteryx sp., Late Jurassic (Tithonian), lithographic limestones of Solnhofen, Germany; based on Wellnhofer (1974), Elzanowski and Wellnhofer (1996), and the Berlin, Eichstätt, and Munich specimens. G, Ceratosaurus sp., Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian-Tithonian), Morrison Formation, USA; based on USNM 4735 and UMNH VP 5278. H, Ornitholestes hermanni, Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian-Tithonian), Morrison Formation, USA, based on AMNH 619. Abbreviations as in Text-figure 4, and: If, lacrimal fenestra; mf, maxillary fenestra; nf, nasal foramen; pmf, promaxillary fenestra. Scale bars represent 10 mm (b, f, h), 50 mm (c) and 100 mm (a, d, e, g). in The interrelationships and evolution of basal theropod dinosaurs

text-fig. 5. Skull reconstructions of representatives of Jurassic OTUs in left lateral view, a, Dilophosaurus wetherilli, Early Jurassic (Sinemurian-Pliensbachian), Kayenta Formation, Arizona, USA; based on UCMP V 4214 and V 6468. B, Syntarsus rhodesiensis, Early Jurassic (Hettangian-Sinemurian), Forest Sandstone, Zimbabwe; composite reconstruction based on many isolated skull elements from the National Museum of Natural History in Harare (see Appendix), c, Magnosaurus oxoniensis, Middle Jurassic (Callovian), Oxford Clay, England; based on OUM J 13558, unpreserved elements shaded. D, Monolophosaurus jiangi, Middle Jurassic, Wucaiwan Formation, China; redrawn from Zhao and Currie (1993b). E, Allosaurus fragilis, Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian-Tithonian), Morrison Formation, USA; based on MOR 693. f, basal bird Archaeopteryx sp., Late Jurassic (Tithonian), lithographic limestones of Solnhofen, Germany; based on Wellnhofer (1974), Elzanowski and Wellnhofer (1996), and the Berlin, Eichstätt, and Munich specimens. G, Ceratosaurus sp., Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian-Tithonian), Morrison Formation, USA; based on USNM 4735 and UMNH VP 5278. H, Ornitholestes hermanni, Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian-Tithonian), Morrison Formation, USA, based on AMNH 619. Abbreviations as in Text-figure 4, and: If, lacrimal fenestra; mf, maxillary fenestra; nf, nasal foramen; pmf, promaxillary fenestra. Scale bars represent 10 mm (b, f, h), 50 mm (c) and 100 mm (a, d, e, g).

text-fig. 4. Skull reconstructions of representatives of riassic OTUs in left lateral view, a, Euparkeria capensis, Early Triassic (Scythian-Anisian), Beaufort Group, South Africa; redrawn from Ewer (1965). B, basal ornithischian Lesothosaurus diagnostics, Early Jurassic (Hettangian-Sinemurian), Elliot Formation, Lesotho; redrawn from Sereno (1991b). c, prosauropod sauropodomorph Plateosaurus sp., Late riassic (Norian), Knollenmergel, Germany; based on MB R. 1937. D, Eoraptor lunensis, Late Triassic (Camian), Ischigualasto Formation, Argentina; based on PVSJ 512. E, Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis, Late Triassic (Camian), Ischigualasto Formation, Argentina; redrawn from Sereno and Novas (1993). F, Coelophysis bauri, Late riassic (Norian), Chinle Formation, south-western USA; modified from Paul (1993). G, Lilienstemus lilienstemi, Late riassic (Norian), Knollenmergel, Germany; based on MB R. 2175, unpreserved elements shaded. H, Shuvosaurus inexpectatus, Late riassic (Norian), Dockum Group, Texas, USA; based on TU P 9280. Abbreviations: a, angular; aof, antorbital fenestra; d, dentary; emf, external mandibular fenestra; en, external nares; eo, exoccipital; f, frontal; itf, infratemporal fenestra; j, jugal; 1, lacrimal; m, maxilla; n, nasal; o, orbit; oc, occipital condyle; op, opisthotic; pa, parietal; pd, predentary; pm, premaxilla; pm-mf, premaxillary-maxillary fenestra; po, postorbital; pof, postfrontal; q, quadrate; qf, quadrate foramen; qj, quadratojugal; sa, surangular; saf, surangular foramen; snf, subnarial foramen; sob, supraorbital; soc, supraoccipital; sp, splenial; sq, squamosal; stf, supratemporal fenestra. Scale bars represent 10 mm (a-b) and 50 mm (c-H). in The interrelationships and evolution of basal theropod dinosaurs

text-fig. 4. Skull reconstructions of representatives of riassic OTUs in left lateral view, a, Euparkeria capensis, Early Triassic (Scythian-Anisian), Beaufort Group, South Africa; redrawn from Ewer (1965). B, basal ornithischian Lesothosaurus diagnostics, Early Jurassic (Hettangian-Sinemurian), Elliot Formation, Lesotho; redrawn from Sereno (1991b). c, prosauropod sauropodomorph Plateosaurus sp., Late riassic (Norian), Knollenmergel, Germany; based on MB R. 1937. D, Eoraptor lunensis, Late Triassic (Camian), Ischigualasto Formation, Argentina; based on PVSJ 512. E, Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis, Late Triassic (Camian), Ischigualasto Formation, Argentina; redrawn from Sereno and Novas (1993). F, Coelophysis bauri, Late riassic (Norian), Chinle Formation, south-western USA; modified from Paul (1993). G, Lilienstemus lilienstemi, Late riassic (Norian), Knollenmergel, Germany; based on MB R. 2175, unpreserved elements shaded. H, Shuvosaurus inexpectatus, Late riassic (Norian), Dockum Group, Texas, USA; based on TU P 9280. Abbreviations: a, angular; aof, antorbital fenestra; d, dentary; emf, external mandibular fenestra; en, external nares; eo, exoccipital; f, frontal; itf, infratemporal fenestra; j, jugal; 1, lacrimal; m, maxilla; n, nasal; o, orbit; oc, occipital condyle; op, opisthotic; pa, parietal; pd, predentary; pm, premaxilla; pm-mf, premaxillary-maxillary fenestra; po, postorbital; pof, postfrontal; q, quadrate; qf, quadrate foramen; qj, quadratojugal; sa, surangular; saf, surangular foramen; snf, subnarial foramen; sob, supraorbital; soc, supraoccipital; sp, splenial; sq, squamosal; stf, supratemporal fenestra. Scale bars represent 10 mm (a-b) and 50 mm (c-H).

text-fig. 14. Theropod skull reconstructions in lateral view showing different character states of characters 42,44, 51, and 70. For sources of reconstructions and identifications of the elements, see Text-figures 4-6. a, Eoraptor lunensis. B, Ceratosaurus sp. c, generalized baryonychid. Dashed lines indicate levels of quadrate-squamosal articulation (wide dash) and mandibular joint (narrow dash); strong line indicates posterior end of tooth row. Scale bars represent 50 mm (a) and 100 mm (b-c). in The interrelationships and evolution of basal theropod dinosaurs

text-fig. 14. Theropod skull reconstructions in lateral view showing different character states of characters 42,44, 51, and 70. For sources of reconstructions and identifications of the elements, see Text-figures 4-6. a, Eoraptor lunensis. B, Ceratosaurus sp. c, generalized baryonychid. Dashed lines indicate levels of quadrate-squamosal articulation (wide dash) and mandibular joint (narrow dash); strong line indicates posterior end of tooth row. Scale bars represent 50 mm (a) and 100 mm (b-c).

Finite element meshes of graphite foam samples for Image-Based Simulation (IBSim) of experimental laser flash analysis

Image-Based Simulation (IBSim) meshes: Finite element mesh of laser flash analysis (LFA) disc samples made of a graphite foam material (KFoam). The IBSim meshes are generated directly from a 3D volumetric image of a graphite foam block. The 3D image was generated with an X-ray tomography scan performed by Dr Llion Evans with Manchester X-ray Imaging Facility equipment, which was funded in part by the EPSRC (grants EP/F007906/1, EP/F001452/1 and EP/I02249X/1). Segmentation of the data into a binarized image was achieved with ImageJ. Conversion of the segmented data to FE mesh was achieved using ScanIP, part of the Simpleware suite of programmes, version 7 (Synopsys Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA). The graphite foam has anisotropic properties partly due to its microstructure. This dataset contains three meshes, one for each alignment along cartesian axes. The FE meshes use the EnSight Gold file format and may be visualised using Paraview (<a href="https://www.paraview.org">https://www.paraview.org</a>). The CT data used for the mesh is available as a separate dataset: This data was used originally for the following publications (please cite if re-using the data): Ll.M. Evans, L. Margetts, P.D. Lee, C.A.M. Butler, E. Surrey, “Image based in silico characterisation of the effective thermal properties of a graphite foam”, Carbon, Vol. 143, pp. 542-558, 2018. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2018.10.031">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2018.10.031</a>

Finite element analysis results from simulation of fusion energy heat exchange component: hybrid CAD/IBSim model including a graphite foam interlayer

Temperature profile data from a finite element analysis of a conceptual design for a fusion energy heat exchange component (monoblock). The mesh is a hybrid from a computer aided design (CAD) drawing for the pipe and armour and IBSim for the interlayer. The IBSim interlayer is generated directly from a 3D volumetric image of a graphite foam block (KFoam). The 3D image was generated with an X-ray tomography scan performed by Dr Llion Evans with Manchester X-ray Imaging Facility equipment, which was funded in part by the EPSRC (grants EP/F007906/1, EP/F001452/1 and EP/I02249X/1). Conversion of the data to FE mesh was achieved using ScanIP, part of the Simpleware suite of programmes, version 7 (Synopsys Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA). The mesh used for the analysis is available as a separate dataset: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3522319">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3522319</a> This data was used originally for the following publications (please cite if re-using the data): Ll.M. Evans, L. Margetts, P.D. Lee, C.A.M. Butler, E. Surrey, “Image based in silico characterisation of the effective thermal properties of a graphite foam”, Carbon, Vol. 143, pp. 542-558, 2018. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2018.10.031">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2018.10.031</a> Ll.M. Evans, L. Margetts, P.D. Lee, C.A.M. Butler, E. Surrey, “Improving modelling of complex geometries in novel materials using 3D imaging”, Proceedings of NEA International Workshop on Structural Materials for Innovative Nuclear Systems, Manchester, UK, July 2016. <a href="https://www.oecd-nea.org/science/smins4/documents/P1-18_LlME_SMINS4_paper_reviewed.pdf">https://www.oecd-nea.org/science/smins4/documents/P1-18_LlME_SMINS4_paper_reviewed.pdf</a>

Pauni (पौनि Maharashtra). Railing pillar (OBNAG0008) from a stūpa, carved with figures, architectural elements and a donative inscription of Nāga.

Pauni (पौनि Maharashtra). Railing pillar (OBNAG0008) from a stūpa, carved with figures, architectural elements and a donative inscription of Nāga.

Pauni (पौनि Maharashtra). Railing pillar (OBNAG0010) from a stūpa, carved with figures, architectural elements and inscriptions.

Pauni (पौनि Maharashtra). Railing pillar (OBNAG0010) from a stūpa, carved with figures, architectural elements and inscriptions.

Fig. 4 in The homology of cephalic muscles and endoskeletal elements between Diplura and Ectognatha (Insecta)

Fig. 4 Transversal SR-μCT section through the head of Atlasjapyx. a The connection of hypopharyngeal fulturae with a part of the galea (ga) and the location of the anterior hypopharyngeal sclerite (ahys); b Transversal slice slightly further posterior to show the course of the ahys and hypopharyngeal fulturae around the mandible; c The contact

Fig. 7 3D in The homology of cephalic muscles and endoskeletal elements between Diplura and Ectognatha (Insecta)

Fig. 7 3D reconstruction of SR-μCT data of the mandibles (md) and associated musculature of Atlasjapyx in dorsal view. Muscle designations are explained in the main text. For clarity, each muscle is shown only on one side

Fig. 6 3D in The homology of cephalic muscles and endoskeletal elements between Diplura and Ectognatha (Insecta)

Fig. 6 3D reconstruction of SR-μCT data of the antennae and labrum and associated musculature of Atlasjapyx. a Dorsal view of right antenna; b Ventral view of right antenna; c Frontal view of labrum. Abbreviations: fl flagellum, lbr labrum, pe pedicellus, sc scapus. Muscle designations are explained in the main text

Fig. 3 3D in The homology of cephalic muscles and endoskeletal elements between Diplura and Ectognatha (Insecta)

Fig. 3 3D reconstruction of SR-μCT data of the mandible, maxilla, hypopharyngeal fulturae, gnathal pouch and associated muscles of Atlasjapyx. a Dorsal view; b Lateral view showing the relative position of the maxilla and the general structure of the hypopharyngeal fulturae. Abbreviations: ahf anterior part of hypopharnygeal fulturae, ahys anterior hypopharyngeal sclerite, cca connection to cardo, chf central part of hypopharnygeal fulturae, phf posterior part of hypopharnygeal fulturae, phx pharynx, pomd sclerotized part of the pouch near the mandible, pomx sclerotized part of the pouch near the maxilla, tb tendon body, tpo thin part of gnathal pouch, tw tendon wing. Muscle designations are explained in the main text

Fig. 2 in The homology of cephalic muscles and endoskeletal elements between Diplura and Ectognatha (Insecta)

Fig. 2 SEM micrographs of the head of Atlasjapyx. a Lateral view; b Frontal view; c Detail of the antennal and labral base in frontal view; d Detail of the admentum and labrum in frontal view. Abbreviations: adm admentum, ads admental suture, anf antennifer, car circumantennal ridge, cly clypeus, clys clypeolabral suture, ga galea, iar interantennal ridge, lbr

Fig. 10 in The homology of cephalic muscles and endoskeletal elements between Diplura and Ectognatha (Insecta)

Fig. 10 Evolution of endoskeletal elements mapped on a transcriptome based phylogenetic tree of Hexapoda (Misof et al. 2014). Shapes of mouthparts, muscles and endoskeletal elements are shown as simplified models, same forms and colours indicate putative homologous structures. Note that the mouthparts of Protura and Diplura have a prognathous

opennotspecifiedDec 2012View details →

Fig. 3 in Mitochondrial genomes of the genus Ephydatia Lamouroux, 1816: can palindromic elements be used in species-level studies?

Fig. 3 Secondary structures and corresponding alignments of palindromic repetitive elements in Ephydatia fluviatilis divided into four distinct families (H7, H8, H9s and H11). The numbers in the alignment

opennotspecifiedDec 2012View details →

Fig. 2 a in Mitochondrial genomes of the genus Ephydatia Lamouroux, 1816: can palindromic elements be used in species-level studies?

Fig. 2 a Alignment of nad2 (NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2) gene from Ephydatia fluviatilis (EF), Eunapius subterraneus (ES), Ephydatia muelleri (EM), Lubomirskia baicalensis (LB), Baikalospongia intermedia profundalis (BIP), Rezinkovia echinata (RE) and Swartschewskia papyracea (SP), respectively; parts containing palindromic

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2024View details →

Data Sets for: Trace elements in aerosol from Northwest Pacific marginal sea, Indian Ocean and South Pacific to Antarctica: Spatial variability and source identification

This dataset includes the concentrations of trace elements in aerosols, along with location and time information, collected during a cruise from November 2021 to April 2022. The cruise covered the Pacific, the Indian Ocean, the Southern Ocean.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2024View details →

Tracing the oxidizing state and element-mobilizing fluids in continental subduction zones:Insights from the granitic melt-eclogite interface

Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.

opennotspecifiedDec 2019View details →

Figs 60-65. C in Rare Earth Elements (REE) in Al- and Fe-(Oxy)-Hydroxides in Bauxites of Provence and Languedoc (Southern France): Implications for the Potential Recovery of REEs as By-Products of Bauxite Mining

Figs 60-65. C. (Vitticentrantyx) clarkei Krikken. 60. mâle, vue dorsale; 61. mâle, vue ventrale; 62. génitalia mâle, édéage: a, paramères vue dorsale; b, apex des paramères; 63. femelle, vue dorsale; 64. femelle, vue dorsale forme de couleur; 65. femelle, vue ventrale, forme de couleur.