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FIGURES 60–77 in A revision of the endemic South African long-jawed ground spider genus Drassodella Hewitt, 1916 (Araneae: Gallieniellidae)

FIGURES 60–77. Female epigynes of Drassodella species in the D. melana species group (60–68) and D. salisburyi species group (69–77) in dorsal view: 60 D. flava sp. nov.; 61 D. guttata sp. nov.; 62 D. lotzi sp. nov.; 63 D. maculata sp. nov.; 64 D. melana Tucker, 1923; 65 D. montana sp. nov.; 66 D. tenebrosa Lawrence, 1938; 67 D. tolkieni sp. nov.; 68 D. transversa sp. nov.; 69 D. venda sp. nov.; 70 D. amatola sp. nov.; 71 D. aurostriata sp. nov.; 72 D. purcelli Tucker, 1923; 73 D. quinquelabecula Tucker, 1923; 74 D. salisburyi Hewitt, 1916; 75 D. septemmaculata (Strand, 1909); 76 D. trilineata sp. nov.; 77 D. vasivulva Tucker, 1923. Abbreviations: AH—anterior hood; FD—fertilisation duct; MS—median septum; STspermatheca(e). Scale bars = 0.25 mm.

FIGURES 51–59 in A revision of the endemic South African long-jawed ground spider genus Drassodella Hewitt, 1916 (Araneae: Gallieniellidae)

FIGURES 51–59. Scanning electron microscope photographs of female (51, 52) and male (55–59) Drassodella guttata sp. nov., and female D. tolkieni sp. nov. (53, 54): 51 epigyne, slightly ventrolateral view; 52 detail of epigynal muscle sigilla; 53 epigyne, dorsal view; 54 detail of glandular pores on spermathecal head; 55 right palp, prolateral view; 56 same, distal end of palp and cymbial scopula; 57 left palp, ventral view; 58 detail of distal end of tegulum, right palp, prolateral view; 59 same, left palp, ventral view. Abbreviations: AH—anterior hood; CD—copulatory duct; CO—copulatory opening; CS—cymbial scopula; DP—dorsal embolic prong; EM—embolus; EMS—epigynal muscle sigilla; LH—lateral hood; MA—median apophysis; MSmedian septum; ST—spermathecae; VP—ventral embolic prong.

FIGURES 78–92 in A revision of the endemic South African long-jawed ground spider genus Drassodella Hewitt, 1916 (Araneae: Gallieniellidae)

FIGURES 78–92. Male palps of Drassodella species of the D. melana species group (78–85) and D. salisburyi species group (86–92) in ventral view: 78 D. flava sp. nov.; 79 D. guttata sp. nov.; 80 D. melana Tucker, 1923; 81 D. montana sp. nov.; 82 D. tenebrosa Lawrence, 1923; 83 D. tolkieni sp. nov.; 84 D. transversa sp. nov.; 85 D. venda sp. nov.; 86 D. amatola sp. nov.; 87 D. aurostriata sp. nov.; 88 D. baviaans sp. nov.; 89 D. quinquelabecula Tucker, 1923; 90 D. salisburyi Hewitt, 1916; 91 D. septemmaculata (Strand, 1909); 92 D. vasivulva Tucker, 1923. Abbreviations as follows: DP—dorsal embolic prong; EMembolus; MA—median apophysis; RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis; VP—ventral embolic prong. Scale bars = 0.25 mm.

FIGURES 1–4 in A revision of the endemic South African long-jawed ground spider genus Drassodella Hewitt, 1916 (Araneae: Gallieniellidae)

FIGURES 1–4. General habitus photographs of live Drassodella spiders: 1 D. amatola sp. nov. female from Hogsback, Eastern Cape; 2 D. quinquelabecula Tucker, 1923 female from Aardvark Nature Reserve, Western Cape; 3 D. septemmaculata (Strand, 1909) male from Fisherhaven, Western Cape; 4 D. vasivulva Tucker, 1923 male from De Hoop Nature Reserve, Western Cape. Photographs 1, 3, 4 by C. Haddad, 2 by P. Webb.

FIGURES 39–50 in A revision of the endemic South African long-jawed ground spider genus Drassodella Hewitt, 1916 (Araneae: Gallieniellidae)

FIGURES 39–50. Scanning electron microscope photographs of female (39, 41, 44, 46, 48–50) and male (43) Drassodella guttata sp. nov., and female D. tolkieni sp. nov. (40, 42, 45, 47): 39 tarsus III, scopula, ventrolateral view; 40 tarsus II, claws and scopulate setae, lateral view; 41 detail of scopulate setae, ventral view; 42 same, lateral view; 43 tarsus III, detail of tarsal claws and associated setae, arrow indicating tenant setae forming claw tuft; 44 dorsal abdominal feathery setae, arrow indicating white patch composed of dense modified feathery setae; 45 ventral abdominal feathery setae; 46, 47 spinnerets, general view; 48 left ALS, ventral view; 49 left PMS, ventral view; 50 left PLS, ventral view. Abbreviations as follows: Acaciniform gland spigot(s); Cy—cylindrical gland spigot(s); maAmp—major ampullate gland spigot(s); miAmp—minor ampullate gland spigot(s); nu—nubbin(s); Pi—piriform gland spigot(s).

FIGURES 27–38 in A revision of the endemic South African long-jawed ground spider genus Drassodella Hewitt, 1916 (Araneae: Gallieniellidae)

FIGURES 27–38. Scanning electron microscope photographs of male (27, 28, 35–38) and female (29–31, 34) Drassodella guttata sp. nov. and female D. tolkieni sp. nov. (32, 33). 27 femur I, curved long ventral setae, lateral view; 28 femur IV, curved long ventral setae, lateral view; 29 leg II, patellar indentation, retrolateral view; 30 same, detail of lyriform organ; 31 lyriform organ at distal end of tibia II, retrolateral view; 32 metatarsus III with spine, feathery and chemosensory setae, and trichobothria, dorsal view; 33 distal end of metatarsus III, dorsal view; 34 metatarsus III, scopula, prolateral view; 35 distal end of tarsus I, dorsal view; 36 tarsus III, trichobothrium; 37 tarsus I, chemosensory seta; 38 same, tarsal organ. Abbreviations: CS—chemosensory setae; FS—feathery setae; MS—metatarsal stopper; SP—spine; SS—slit sensilla; TC—tarsal claws; TOtarsal organ; TR—trichobothria.

FIGURES 18–26 in A revision of the endemic South African long-jawed ground spider genus Drassodella Hewitt, 1916 (Araneae: Gallieniellidae)

FIGURES 18–26. Scanning electron microscope photographs of Drassodella guttata sp. nov. female (18–21, 24–26) and male (23), and D. tolkieni sp. nov. female (22): 18 posterior half of carapace, dorsal view, indicating fovea, erect and feathery setae, and rebordered concave posterior margin; 19 eye region, dorsal view; 20 feathery setae on posterior carapace margin and coxa IV; 21 same, feathery setae enlarged; 22 chelicerae, ventral view; 23 chelicerae teeth; 24 endites and labium, ventral view; 25 serrula on endites, ventral view; 26 sternum. Abbreviations: CES—promarginal escort seta; ES—erect setae; FS—feathery setae; MHT—maxillar hair tuft.

FIGURES 5–17 in A revision of the endemic South African long-jawed ground spider genus Drassodella Hewitt, 1916 (Araneae: Gallieniellidae)

FIGURES 5–17. Digital microscope photographs of Drassodella somatic morphology: 5–8 dorsal view of carapace and chelicerae of D. flava sp. nov. female (5), D. guttata sp. nov. male (6), D. transversa sp. nov. male (7) and D. purcelli Tucker, 1923 female (8); 9 D. tenebrosa Lawrence, 1938 female, carapace, lateral view; 10 D. purcelli female, posterodorsal view of carapace, showing pedicel and sclerites; 11 same, ventral pedicel sclerite, ventral view; 12–14 dorsal view of abdomens of D. septemmaculata (Strand, 1909) male (12), D. aurostriata sp. nov. male (13) and D. amatola sp. nov. female (14); 15 D. tenebrosa female, abdomen, anterodorsal view; 16 D. septemmaculata male, abdomen, showing sclerites on venter; 17 D. tenebrosa female, spinnerets, posteroventral view. Abbreviations: AAS—anterior abdominal sclerite; CGS—cylindrical gland spigots; CON—condyle; DPS—dorsal pedicel sclerite; IS—inframamillary sclerite; PB—pleural bars; PES—post-epigastric sclerite; PPS—posterior pleural sclerite; PT—petiole; SC—dorsal scutum; SI—sigillum; VPS—ventral pedicel sclerite.

FIGURES 52–55 in Ground spiders (Araneae: Gnaphosidae, Liocranidae, Prodidomidae) from the Greek islands Rodos, Symi and Karpathos, with the description of new species

FIGURES 52–55. Turkozelotes attavirus sp.n., holotype left palp. 52 Ventral view. 53 Retrolateral view. 54 Prolateral view. 55 Dorsal view. TA: terminal apophysis, MA: median apophysis, EmbB: embolar base, Tm: terminal membrane.

FIGURES 50–51 in Ground spiders (Araneae: Gnaphosidae, Liocranidae, Prodidomidae) from the Greek islands Rodos, Symi and Karpathos, with the description of new species

FIGURES 50–51. Turkozelotes attavirus sp.n., holotype habitus. 50 Whole body, dorsal view. 51 Prosoma, dorsal view.

FIGURES 58–61. Zelotes parascrutatus left palp. 58 Ventral view. 59 Retrolateral view. 60 in Ground spiders (Araneae: Gnaphosidae, Liocranidae, Prodidomidae) from the Greek islands Rodos, Symi and Karpathos, with the description of new species

FIGURES 58–61. Zelotes parascrutatus left palp. 58 Ventral view. 59 Retrolateral view. 60 Embolar region magnification, RL to ventral view. 61 Dorsal view. TA: terminal apophysis, MA: median apophysis, EmbB: embolar base.

FIGURES 41–47 in Ground spiders (Araneae: Gnaphosidae, Liocranidae, Prodidomidae) from the Greek islands Rodos, Symi and Karpathos, with the description of new species

FIGURES 41–47. Phaeocedus vankeeri sp.n. holotype (41–44): 41 Left palp, ventral view. 42 Right chelicerae, ventral view. 43 Opisthosoma. 44 Left palp, retrolateral view. P. hebraeus holotype (45–47): 45 Opisthosoma. 46 Left palp, embolar region magnification, retrolateral to ventral view. 47 Left palp, retrolateral view. S: scutum.

FIGURES 34–40 in Ground spiders (Araneae: Gnaphosidae, Liocranidae, Prodidomidae) from the Greek islands Rodos, Symi and Karpathos, with the description of new species

FIGURES 34–40. Phaeocedus vankeeri sp.n. (34–38): 34 Holotype left palp, ventral view. 35 Same, retrolateral view. 36 Same, prolateral view. 37 Female paratype, epigyne. 38 Same, vulva. P. hebraeus holotype left palp (39–40): 39 Retrolateral view. 40 Retrolateral to dorsal view.

FIGURES 29–33 in Ground spiders (Araneae: Gnaphosidae, Liocranidae, Prodidomidae) from the Greek islands Rodos, Symi and Karpathos, with the description of new species

FIGURES 29–33. Phaeocedus vankeeri sp.n. 29 Holotype habitus, dorsal view. P. hebraeus (30–33): 30 Holotype habitus, dorsal view. 31 "Drassodes" sp. (paratype of P. hebraeus), immature female, habitus, dorsal view. 32 Same, maxillae. 33 Same, trochanters. Arrow indicates the indentations in trochanters.

FIGURES 27–28 in Ground spiders (Araneae: Gnaphosidae, Liocranidae, Prodidomidae) from the Greek islands Rodos, Symi and Karpathos, with the description of new species

FIGURES 27–28. Minosiella apolakia sp.n. paratype 27 Epigyne. 28 Vulva. g: glandular head, co: copulatory opening, Sc: scape.

FIGURES 23–26 in Ground spiders (Araneae: Gnaphosidae, Liocranidae, Prodidomidae) from the Greek islands Rodos, Symi and Karpathos, with the description of new species

FIGURES 23–26. Minosiella apolakia sp.n. 23 Holotype habitus, dorsal view. 24 Same, ventral view. 25 Paratype, epigyne. 26 Paratype, vulva.

FIGURES 21–22. Haplodrassus invalidus. 21 Epigyne. 22 Vulva. Arrow indicates posterior extensions, g in Ground spiders (Araneae: Gnaphosidae, Liocranidae, Prodidomidae) from the Greek islands Rodos, Symi and Karpathos, with the description of new species

FIGURES 21–22. Haplodrassus invalidus. 21 Epigyne. 22 Vulva. Arrow indicates posterior extensions, g: glandular heads.

FIGURES 5–8 in Ground spiders (Araneae: Gnaphosidae, Liocranidae, Prodidomidae) from the Greek islands Rodos, Symi and Karpathos, with the description of new species

FIGURES 5–8. Drassodes mylonasi sp.n. 5 Male holotype palp, ventral view. 5a Same, embolar region magnification, prolateral to ventral view. 6 Same, retrolateral view. 7 Paratype, epigyne. 8 Same, vulva. Co: copulatory opening, E: embolus, l: membranous lamella, LM: lateral margin, MA: median apophysis, mt: median tongue.

FIGURES 13–16 in Ground spiders (Araneae: Gnaphosidae, Liocranidae, Prodidomidae) from the Greek islands Rodos, Symi and Karpathos, with the description of new species

FIGURES 13–16. Echemus species: E. kaltsasi sp.n. (13–14), E. levyi (15–16). Left column epigynes, right column vulvae.

FIGURES 17–20 in Ground spiders (Araneae: Gnaphosidae, Liocranidae, Prodidomidae) from the Greek islands Rodos, Symi and Karpathos, with the description of new species

FIGURES 17–20. Echemus species: E. kaltsasi sp.n. (17–18), E. levyi (19–20). 17, 19 Epigyne. 18, 20 Vulva. AM: anterior margin, at: atrium, g: glandular head.