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Earthworms as health indicators in no-tillage and no-tillage agroecosystems
<p>A database was created from a systematic search in SciELO, Web of Science, Science Direct and Scopus using the following keywords in english and portuguese: ‘earthworm*’ OR ‘oligochaeta’ OR ‘minhoca*’ AND ‘no-tillage’ OR ‘no-tillage system*’ OR ‘conservation agriculture’ OR ‘plantio direto’ OR ‘semeadura direta’ OR ‘agricultura conservacionista’ OR ‘sistema conservacionista’ AND ‘Paraná’. For dissertations and theses that addressed the topic in the region of Paraná, we used the Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações -BDTD). The period evaluated was from sampling dates ranging from 1981 to 2020, being the published dates of the works from 1986 (Voss, 1986; Derpsch et al.1986) to 2023 (Bartz et al. 2023; Dudas et al. 2023). </p> <p>Data were extracted from 23 publications and compiled into an excel file. The database contains information on 29 municipalities, their geopolitical region (IBGE, 2010), and climate (Köppen, 1931). Paraná is divided into 10 geopolitical mesoregions - West (WE), Northwest (NW), Center West (CW), Center North (CN), North Pioneer (NP), Center East (CE), Metropolitan (MT), Center South (CS), Southeast (SE) and Southwest (SW) (IBGE, 2010). </p> <p>Earthworm data are presented as species found, their abundance (ind m-2), biomass (g m-2) and species richness (total number). The abundance and richness of earthworms can be used as an indicator of NT/NTS quality, and Bartz et al. (2013) proposed the following classification for the abundance data: poor quality <25 ind m-2, moderate 25 to 100 ind m-2, good 100 to 200 ind m-2 and excellent quality >200 ind m-2. For richness: poor 1 species, moderate 2-3 species, good 3-4 species and excellent >6 species. However, after analyzing the 181 sites included in this dataset together with the database by Nadolny et al. (2020), we proposed new values for each category and including a new one based on: mean, standard deviation, standard error and confidence intervals. The new classification for abundance and species richness is: <25 ind m-2 = poor, ≥25-<75 ind m-2 = moderate, ≥75-<125 ind m-2 = good, ≥125-<175 ind m-2 = very good and ≥175 ind m-2 = excellent. And for earthworm richness: <1 species = poor, 1- 3 species = moderate, 3-5 species = good, 5-7 species = very good and >7 species = excellent.</p> <p>In the database, each class is represented by a different color, using a gradient for the worst to the best quality sites. Thus, red = poor, dark orange = moderate, yellow = good, light green = very good, and dark green = excellent.</p> <p>For the earthworm species, the following information is provided: ecological category (anecic, epigeic, endogeic, polyhumic endogeic, mesohumic endogeic; according to Bouché, 1977), origin (native or exotic), author(s) and years of the species description, collection site, climate, region and the sampling method.</p> <p>The methods considered were: Quantitative, including handsorting of soil using the standard Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility (identified as TSBF in the spreadsheet) method of monoliths 25 x 25 cm square at depths ranging from 10 to 40 cm (Anderson and Ingram, 1993), as well as other monolith dimensions like 20 x 20, 40 x 40 and 50 x 50 cm (identified as Handsorting in the spreadsheet). Qualitative method, including collecting in various niches like deeper soil layers, litter, under rocks, in and under rotting logs, next to water bodies like streams, lakes and swamps (Bartz et al. 2013) Finally, chemical extraction using a diluted formalin solution (usually over an area 50x50 cm) according to ISO 23611-1 (2017).</p> <p>The sites were divided in No-tillage (NT), or No-tillage system (NTS) based on site history and soil management information. For the areas under NTS, we classified the phases according to Sá et al. (2004; 2010), being the initial phase corresponding to the first five years of NTS, the transition phase from six to 10 years, consolidation from 11 to 20 years and older than 20 years as the maintenance phase.</p> <p>The soil chemical and physical data were included in the database, when performed in the same site as the earthworm sampling. Chemical data included pH in water, CEC, P and C, and physical data included sand and clay.</p> <p>All data are provided in excel format and include four tabs: Legend, Earthworms + environment, Species distribution and References. The Legend tab provides a description of the data presented in each of the other tabs. Earthworms + environment has information on earthworm abundance, biomass and richness in relation to the site location, quality, year, crop year, time and date of sampling, NT or NTS site and NTS phase. The Species distribution tab provides information on the species found, place of origin, author, year, ecological category and sampling method. And the References tab lists the studies/publications used to extract the data presented in the other tabs.</p> <p> </p>
MED-GOLD Indicators for the Olives/olive oil pilot service over Iberian Peninsula from ERA5 Reanalysis 1979-2020
<p>Indicators of interest for the Olives/olive oil sector over the Iberian Peninsula using ERA5 Reanalysis data for the period 1979 to 2020:</p> <ol> <li>SPRTX Mean maximum temperature from Apr to May</li> <li>SPR32 Number of spring heat days with Tmax above 32°C during spring months (from 21 April to 21 June)</li> <li>SU36 Number of summer heat days with Tmax above 36°C during summer months (from 21 June to 21 September)</li> <li>SU40 Number of summer heat days with Tmax above 40°C during summer months (from 21 June to 21 September)</li> <li>WINRR Total winter (Oct-May) precipitation</li> </ol> <p>Datasets computed by ENEA, in the framework of the European MED-GOLD project, funded from the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme under Grant agreement No. 776467</p>
MED-GOLD Indicators for the Wine pilot service over Iberian Peninsula from ERA5 Reanalysis 1979-2020
<p>Indicators of interest for the Wine sector over the Iberian Peninsula using ERA5 Reanalysis data for the period 1979 to 2020:</p> <ol> <li>Growing Season Temperature (GST) [Temp averaged between April and October]</li> <li>Spring Rain (SprR) [ Precip cumulated between 21 apr and 21 Jun],</li> <li>Harvest Rain (HarvestR) [ Precip cumulated between 21 aug and 21 Oct]</li> <li> (SU35) -number of days with temperature higher than 35°C [for April ot October],</li> <li>Warm Spell Duration Index (WSDI) [days with at least 6 consecutive days when the daily temperature maximum exceeds its 90th percentile for April to Oct]</li> </ol> <p>Wine risk indicators, implemented specifically for the MED-GOLD Wine pilot service by ENEA and SOGRAPE VINHOS S.A.:</p> <ol> <li>Sanitary Risk Index= offgts*offsp*(percentile(SprR))+offhart*percentile(HarvestR)+(100-percentile(GST); with offhart=1.; offsp=1; offgts=1.; if percentile (SprR)>= 60; offsp=1.5; if percentile (GST)<= 40; offhart=1.5; if percentile (GST)>=70; offgts=1.5; where the percentile are here computed starting from the distribution over the 1993-2106 hindcast period to be consistent and comparable with the seasonal forecast</li> <li>Heat Risk Index = percentile(GST)+percentile(SU35_AMJJASO) + percentile(WSDI_AMJJASO),where the percentile are here computed srarting from the distribution over the 1993-2106 hindcast period to be consistent and comparable with the seasonal forecast</li> </ol> <p>Datasets computed by ENEA, in collaboration with SOGRAPE VINHOS S.A. in the framework of the European MED-GOLD project, funded from the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme under Grant agreement No. 776467</p>
TOPSIS method application on sustainability indicators of Higher Education Institutions of Brazilian municipalities
<p>TOPSIS method application on sustainability indicators of Higher Education Institutions of Brazilian municipalities</p>
Image 1. Locations where Lanthanotus borneensis has been recorded. Green spots indicate findings from 1912 in First record of the Borneo Earless Monitor Lanthanotus borneensis (Steindachner, 1877) (Reptilia: Lanthanotidae) in West Kalimantan (Indonesian Borneo)
Image 1. Locations where Lanthanotus borneensis has been recorded. Green spots indicate findings from 1912-discoveries, yellow spots 1912–1966 and red spot 1966-present.
Figure 2 in Spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) of Saba Island, Lesser Antilles: Unusually high species richness indicates the Caribbean Biodiversity Hotspot is woefully undersampled
Figure 2. Spider species richness by island area showing dramatic undersampling of most islands and lack of expected positive species-area relationship. Islands are ordered by size from smaller to larger as follows: Saba, Nevis, St. Kitts, Antigua, Grenada, Turks and Caicos, Barbados. See text for data sources.
Figure 1 in Spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) of Saba Island, Lesser Antilles: Unusually high species richness indicates the Caribbean Biodiversity Hotspot is woefully undersampled
Figure 1. Saba Island (17o38'N, 63o14'W), Lesser Antilles. Thirty-three collection sites mapped using Google Earth. Numbers correspond to sites listed in Table 1.
Figure 1 in Taxonomic affinities of three stalked colonial species of the Ascidiacea (Tunicata) from the central coast of New South Wales and indications of a trans-Tasman connection
Figure 1. Euclavella claviformis (QM G308883): (A) colony; (B) developmental sequence of embryos in the distal part of the oviduct forming a collar around the top of the oesophageal neck. Hypsistozoa distomoides (QM G308880): (C) colony; (D) zooid; (E) zooid (with denticles on the atrial lip); (F) larva (left side with ectotrophic membranes pulled away from the trunk); (G) larva (with ectotrophic membranes intact); (H) larva (right side with ectotrophic membranes pulled away from the trunk). Scale bars: A, B, 10 mm; C–G, 0.2 mm.
Figure 2 in Taxonomic affinities of three stalked colonial species of the Ascidiacea (Tunicata) from the central coast of New South Wales and indications of a trans-Tasman connection
Figure 2. Hypsistozoa distomoides (QM G308880) postero-dorsal vertical section of larval trunk (semidiagramatic): e, endodermal tube; nc, nerve cord; o, section through oesophagus; ec, ectotrophic membrane; s, stomach wall; oe, oesophagus; h, haemocoele; le, larval ectoderm; n, notochord; r, rectum. Scale bar, 0.1 mm.
Figure 3 in Taxonomic affinities of three stalked colonial species of the Ascidiacea (Tunicata) from the central coast of New South Wales and indications of a trans-Tasman connection
Figure 3. In situ colour images: (A) Euclavella claviformis; (B) Hypsistozoa distomoides colony lying flat on the sea floor at low slack tide; (C) Sigillina cyanea from high-energy location, showing tip of colony worn by abrasion on sea floor sediments. The possibly commensal nudibranch Nembrotha sp. is associated with the colony.
Dataset for: Effects of constant versus fluctuating temperatures on fitness indicators of the aphid Dysaphis plantaginea and the parasitoid Aphidius matricariae
<p>This is the dataset for the article entitled: Effects of constant versus fluctuating temperatures on fitness indicators of the aphid Dysaphis plantaginea and the parasitoid Aphidius matricariae.</p> <p>Like all organisms, insects encounter temperatures that fluctuate on different time scales: within a day, between days, or throughout the seasons. However, most studies on the impact of temperature on insect physiology, behaviour, morphology or ecology have focused on constant temperatures tested in the laboratory. In our study, we wanted to know if fluctuating temperatures during the day (7—17°C, average 12°C) can affect insects differently compared to a constant temperature of 12°C. We use as a model the apple aphid <em>Dysaphis plantaginea</em>, a major threat to apple orchards worldwide, and its parasitoid <em>Aphidius matricariae</em>, which is used in biological control. We found that many traits—but not all—were affected. In particular, the fluctuating thermal regime decreased the development time of aphids and parasitoids, improved the rate of parasitism, and tended (albeit slightly) to improve the survival of both species. In contrast, we did not find strong effects on morphological traits. Our results can be used to better predict how these agronomically important insects behave in orchards, how fluctuating temperatures affect host-parasitoid relationships, and ultimately what the implications are in the context of climate change and biological control.</p> <p> </p>
Text-fig. 3. Right maxilla of a young adult individual of Arsinoitherium zitteli from the Fayum, Egypt (M 8802, NHM collection, London). The dotted lines indicate the homologous part preserved in the specimen from Grigema, Tunisia. a) stereo occlusal view, b) stereo buccal view, c) stereo lingual view. in Arsinoitherium (Embrithopoda) And Other Large Mammals And Plants From The Oligocene Of Tunisia
Text-fig. 3. Right maxilla of a young adult individual of Arsinoitherium zitteli from the Fayum, Egypt (M 8802, NHM collection, London). The dotted lines indicate the homologous part preserved in the specimen from Grigema, Tunisia. a) stereo occlusal view, b) stereo buccal view, c) stereo lingual view.
Text-fig. 3. Phylogenetic relationship of Peignecyon felinoides n. gen. et n. sp., within some selected Amphicyonidae, and some extinct caniform carnivorans. Paramiacis exilis is the outgroup. Searches were performed by means of the Branch and Bound and a Bootstrap analysis through 1,000 replicates. One tree is obtained (length 73 steps, consistency index (CI) = 0.6301, retention index (RI) = 0.7000). The numbers below nodes are Bremer indices, and the numbers above nodes are Bootstrap support percentages (only shown ≥ 50). in A New Thaumastocyoninae (Amphicyonidae, Carnivora) From The Early Miocene Of Tuchořice, The Czech Republic
Text-fig. 3. Phylogenetic relationship of Peignecyon felinoides n. gen. et n. sp., within some selected Amphicyonidae, and some extinct caniform carnivorans. Paramiacis exilis is the outgroup. Searches were performed by means of the Branch and Bound and a Bootstrap analysis through 1,000 replicates. One tree is obtained (length 73 steps, consistency index (CI) = 0.6301, retention index (RI) = 0.7000). The numbers below nodes are Bremer indices, and the numbers above nodes are Bootstrap support percentages (only shown ≥ 50).
Text-fig. 8. The limited differentiation the schmelzmuster in Allosorex (Allosoricinae) indicates its phylogenetic position in Soricomorpha. The numbers to the right refer to the different types of schmelzmuster found in Soricidae: 1 – Soricella-schmelzmuster, 2 – Anourosorex- schmelzmuster, 3 – Crocidura-schmelzmuster, 4 – Notiosorex-schmelzmuster, 5 – Sorex-schmelzmuster, and 6 – Blarina-schmelzmuster (ex Koenigswald and Reumer 2020). in Allosorex Stenodus Fejfar, 1966 (Eulipotyphla, Soricidae): Re-Description Of Type Material And Re-Interpretation Of Its Fossil Record
Text-fig. 8. The limited differentiation the schmelzmuster in Allosorex (Allosoricinae) indicates its phylogenetic position in Soricomorpha. The numbers to the right refer to the different types of schmelzmuster found in Soricidae: 1 – Soricella-schmelzmuster, 2 – Anourosorex- schmelzmuster, 3 – Crocidura-schmelzmuster, 4 – Notiosorex-schmelzmuster, 5 – Sorex-schmelzmuster, and 6 – Blarina-schmelzmuster (ex Koenigswald and Reumer 2020).
Text-fig. 13. Scatter diagram of m1 length vs SDQ for pre-Eemian (time slice 5) Arvicola samples from different geographical provenances compared with M. savini-A. mosbachensis and Arvicola sapidus. Empty dotted ovals indicate the range of extant Arvicola ex gr. amphibius samples from Italy (cyan) and from the other European locations (green) Abbreviations: FR – France, GE – Germany, IT – Italy, SP – Spain. in Independent Water Vole (Mimomys Savini, Arvicola: Rodentia, Mammalia) Lineages In Italy And Central Europe
Text-fig. 13. Scatter diagram of m1 length vs SDQ for pre-Eemian (time slice 5) Arvicola samples from different geographical provenances compared with M. savini-A. mosbachensis and Arvicola sapidus. Empty dotted ovals indicate the range of extant Arvicola ex gr. amphibius samples from Italy (cyan) and from the other European locations (green) Abbreviations: FR – France, GE – Germany, IT – Italy, SP – Spain.
Text-fig. 11. Scatter diagram of m1 length vs SDQ for Würmian/Weichselian (time slice 3) Arvicola samples from different geographical provenances compared with M. savini-A. mosbachensis and extant Arvicola sapidus. Empty dotted ovals indicate the range of extant Arvicola ex gr. amphibius samples from Italy (cyan) and from the other European locations (green) Abbreviations: FR – France, GE – Germany, IT – Italy, SP – Spain. in Independent Water Vole (Mimomys Savini, Arvicola: Rodentia, Mammalia) Lineages In Italy And Central Europe
Text-fig. 11. Scatter diagram of m1 length vs SDQ for Würmian/Weichselian (time slice 3) Arvicola samples from different geographical provenances compared with M. savini-A. mosbachensis and extant Arvicola sapidus. Empty dotted ovals indicate the range of extant Arvicola ex gr. amphibius samples from Italy (cyan) and from the other European locations (green) Abbreviations: FR – France, GE – Germany, IT – Italy, SP – Spain.
Text-fig. 12. Scatter diagram of m1 length vs SDQ for Eemian (time slice 4) Arvicola samples from different geographical provenances compared with M. savini-A. mosbachensis and Arvicola sapidus. Empty dotted ovals indicate the range of extant Arvicola ex gr. amphibius samples from Italy (cyan) and from the other European locations (green) Abbreviations: FR – France, GE – Germany, IT – Italy, SP – Spain. in Independent Water Vole (Mimomys Savini, Arvicola: Rodentia, Mammalia) Lineages In Italy And Central Europe
Text-fig. 12. Scatter diagram of m1 length vs SDQ for Eemian (time slice 4) Arvicola samples from different geographical provenances compared with M. savini-A. mosbachensis and Arvicola sapidus. Empty dotted ovals indicate the range of extant Arvicola ex gr. amphibius samples from Italy (cyan) and from the other European locations (green) Abbreviations: FR – France, GE – Germany, IT – Italy, SP – Spain.
Text-fig. 3 Ternary diagram of the relative abundance (in %) of juvenile, prime adult, and old adult specimens in samples of Castor fiber (data from Table 3). The red dots indicate the Pleistocene samples of Bilzingsleben II (B), Weimar- Ehringsdorf (E), and Weimar-Taubach (T), the black dot represents an extant population from Telemark in Norway (data from Campbell 2009). Abbreviations of zones (after Discamps and Costamagno 2015): JOP – Juveniles-Old-Prime dominated zone, JPO – Juveniles-Prime-Old dominated zone, O – Old dominated zone, P – Prime dominated zone. The diagram shows the position of all three fossil samples in the prime dominated zone. in Mortality Profiles Of Castor And Trogontherium (Mammalia: Rodentia, Castoridae), With Notes On The Site Formation Of The Mid-Pleistocene Hominin Locality Bilzingsleben Ii (Thuringia, Central Germany)
Text-fig. 3 Ternary diagram of the relative abundance (in %) of juvenile, prime adult, and old adult specimens in samples of Castor fiber (data from Table 3). The red dots indicate the Pleistocene samples of Bilzingsleben II (B), Weimar- Ehringsdorf (E), and Weimar-Taubach (T), the black dot represents an extant population from Telemark in Norway (data from Campbell 2009). Abbreviations of zones (after Discamps and Costamagno 2015): JOP – Juveniles-Old-Prime dominated zone, JPO – Juveniles-Prime-Old dominated zone, O – Old dominated zone, P – Prime dominated zone. The diagram shows the position of all three fossil samples in the prime dominated zone.
Text-fig. 2. (A) Orientation of Schizocrania filosa (HALL, 1847) on articulated shells of benthic brachiopod Rafinesquina sp. (A1–A3 – on dorsal valve of articulated shells, A4 – on ventral valve of articulated shell; forward growth direction is unclear in three specimens) from Upper Ordovician, Corryville Formation, Lawrenceburg, Indiana (after www.drydredgers.org/scizo.htm). (B) Orientation of Schizocrania multistriata (REED, 1905) shells on outer face of conulariid Metaconularia imperialis test (Dobrotivá Formation, Kařízek mine, Barrandian area; after Havlíček and Vaněk 1996); preserved conulariid shell in white, suggested outline of incomplete conulariid test in grey. Arrows indicate direction of forward growth of Schizocrania specimens. in Schizocrania (Brachiopoda, Discinoidea): Taxonomy, Occurrence, Ecology And History Of The Earliest Epizoan Lingulate Brachiopod
Text-fig. 2. (A) Orientation of Schizocrania filosa (HALL, 1847) on articulated shells of benthic brachiopod Rafinesquina sp. (A1–A3 – on dorsal valve of articulated shells, A4 – on ventral valve of articulated shell; forward growth direction is unclear in three specimens) from Upper Ordovician, Corryville Formation, Lawrenceburg, Indiana (after www.drydredgers.org/scizo.htm). (B) Orientation of Schizocrania multistriata (REED, 1905) shells on outer face of conulariid Metaconularia imperialis test (Dobrotivá Formation, Kařízek mine, Barrandian area; after Havlíček and Vaněk 1996); preserved conulariid shell in white, suggested outline of incomplete conulariid test in grey. Arrows indicate direction of forward growth of Schizocrania specimens.
Text-fig. 1. Map of the Carboniferous-Permian non-marine basins of the Czech Republic; the star indicates roughly the position of the locality Ploužnice in the north-western part of the Krkonoše Piedmont Basin (according to Opluštil et al. 2016b). in Fossil Fauna And Flora Of A Re-Discovered Locality In The Late Carboniferous Ploužnice Horizon Of The Krkonoše Piedmont Basin, Bohemian Massif
Text-fig. 1. Map of the Carboniferous-Permian non-marine basins of the Czech Republic; the star indicates roughly the position of the locality Ploužnice in the north-western part of the Krkonoše Piedmont Basin (according to Opluštil et al. 2016b).
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Allen Brain Atlas
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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