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FIGURE 9 in Ponticola hircaniaensis sp. nov., a new and critically endangered gobiid species (Teleostei: Gobiidae) from the southern Caspian Sea basin

FIGURE 9. Habitat of Ponticola hircaniaensis sp. nov., above the Zarrin Gol Dam (A), Kaboudval Stream (B). Photos: A from Google Earth, B by F. Zarei.

FIGURE 5 in Ponticola hircaniaensis sp. nov., a new and critically endangered gobiid species (Teleostei: Gobiidae) from the southern Caspian Sea basin

FIGURE 5. Ponticola hircaniaensis sp. nov.: (A) ZM-CBSU S101-6, male, holotype, 76.9 mm SL; (B) ZM-CBSU S099-5, male, paratype, 73.6 mm SL; (C) ZM-CBSU S099-11, male, paratype, 76.0 mm SL. All from the Kaboudval Stream, southern Caspian Sea basin. Photos by F. Zarei, Y. Bakhshi, & A. Jouladeh-Roudbar.

FIGURE 1 in Ponticola hircaniaensis sp. nov., a new and critically endangered gobiid species (Teleostei: Gobiidae) from the southern Caspian Sea basin

FIGURE 1. Left sagittal otolith (inner face) of Ponticola hircaniaensis sp. nov. (ZM-CBSU K28, 66.65 mm SL, Kaboudval Stream), showing the terminology of characters and otolith shape outline (red line). OL, maximal otolith length; OL2, minimal otolith length measured at maximum ingression of concavity of posterior rim; OH, maximal otolith height; OA, otolith area; OP, otolith perimeter; SU, sulcus; ca, cauda; os, ostium; ol, ostila lobe; CL, colliculum length measured along its axis; si, subcaudal igum; α, inclination angle of ostium measured from tip of ostium through midpoint of sulcus height at collum; β, inclination angle of anterior rim; γ, inclination angle of posterior rim; δ, inclination of line connecting preventral angle with tip of posterodorsal projection.

FIGURE 8 in Ponticola hircaniaensis sp. nov., a new and critically endangered gobiid species (Teleostei: Gobiidae) from the southern Caspian Sea basin

FIGURE 8. Distribution map of the Ponticola spp. in the south Caspian Sea basin, showing the type locality of Ponticola hircaniaensis sp. nov., Kaboudval Stream (large black square). Map by F. Zarei.

FIGURE 4 in Ponticola hircaniaensis sp. nov., a new and critically endangered gobiid species (Teleostei: Gobiidae) from the southern Caspian Sea basin

FIGURE 4. Genetic alignment of the nuclear S7 gene fragment between 466 and 547 nucleotide positions. Chromatograms show the hybrid [middle: molecular ID: 3435 (GenBank number: ON186770), Kaboudval Stream] individual's heterozygous peaks (underlined with black bars) at the diagnostic sites, where Ponticola hircaniaensis sp. nov. [top: molecular ID: 3432 (GenBank number: ON186768), Kaboudval Stream] and P. gorlap [bottom: molecular ID: 2786 (GenBank number: ON186767), Babolroud River] present fixed differences.

FIGURE 7 in Ponticola hircaniaensis sp. nov., a new and critically endangered gobiid species (Teleostei: Gobiidae) from the southern Caspian Sea basin

FIGURE 7. Otolith morphology (sagittae, inner face) of the studied Ponticola spp. (a–d) Ponticola hircaniaensis sp. nov.: ZM-CBSU K18, K21, K24, and K28, respectively (64.0–74.6 mm SL). (e–h) Ponticola iranicus: ZM-CBSU 37, 40, 141, and 144, respectively (71.6–76.4 mm SL). (i–l) Ponticola patimari: ZM-CBSU P2, P3, P4, and P6, respectively (53.9–65.2 mm SL). (m–p) Ponticola gorlap: ZM-CBSU 44, 45, 46, and 48, respectively (71.6–86.5 mm SL). (q–r) Ponticola iljini: ZMMSU P-23516 (90–95 mm SL) (refigured from Vasil'eva et al. 2016). (s–t) Ponticola kessleri: non-cataloged specimens from the RBINS collection (77–92 mm SL) (refigured from Jacobs & Hoedemakers 2013). (u–v) Ponticola syrman: ZM-CBSU 77, and 78, respectively (128.1–181.4 mm SL).

FIGURE 6 in Ponticola hircaniaensis sp. nov., a new and critically endangered gobiid species (Teleostei: Gobiidae) from the southern Caspian Sea basin

FIGURE 6. Head lateral line system (left side) of Ponticola hircaniaensis sp. nov. ZM-CBSU S099-8, paratype, male, 78.4 mm SL, Kaboudval Stream, south Caspian Sea basin. Terminology in text. Drawing by F. Zarei.

FIGURE 10 in Ponticola hircaniaensis sp. nov., a new and critically endangered gobiid species (Teleostei: Gobiidae) from the southern Caspian Sea basin

FIGURE 10. Valid Ponticola species of the southern Caspian Sea and its drainages: (A) Ponticola gorlap, uncatalogued, Iran, Gilan prov., Polroud River, southern Caspian Sea basin. (B) Ponticola iranicus, uncatalogued, Iran, Gilan prov., Sefidroud at Imamzadehashem, southern Caspian Sea basin. (C) Ponticola patimari, uncatalogued, Iran, Mazandaran prov., Chalus River, southern Caspian Sea basin. (D) Ponticola syrman, ZM-CBSU S065.2-1, 183.2 mm SL, Iran. Mazandaran prov., Neka beach, southern Caspian Sea. (E) Ponticola cyrius, uncatalogued, Turkey, Kura River at Yalnýzçam. Photos: A–D by F. Zarei, and E by C. Kaya.

FIGURE 3 in Ponticola hircaniaensis sp. nov., a new and critically endangered gobiid species (Teleostei: Gobiidae) from the southern Caspian Sea basin

FIGURE 3. Median-joining haplotype network of 82 COI sequences belonging to 15 species of Ponticola including P. hircaniaensis sp. nov. The haplotype of hybrid individuals is marked with a star inside. Circle sizes depict frequencies of haplotypes; the smallest corresponds to one. Small black circles correspond to missing/hypothetical haplotypes. Numbers represent mutational steps between neighboring haplotypes; lines without mutation numbers indicate one mutational step.

FIGURE 2 in Ponticola hircaniaensis sp. nov., a new and critically endangered gobiid species (Teleostei: Gobiidae) from the southern Caspian Sea basin

FIGURE 2. Maximum Likelihood (ML) and Bayesian (BI) phylogeny of the genus Ponticola reconstructed based on COI gene sequences. The values beside the branches before and after a slash are BI posterior probabilities and ML bootstrap values, respectively. Grey bars to the right indicate species delimitation results from the ABGD, ASAP, mPTP, bPTP, and SP methods.

opennotspecifiedNov 2017View details →

Nesokia is sister to Bandicota and are nested in Rattus phylogenetically, making Rat- tus paraphyletic. Tarsomys, Limnomys, and Diplothrix are also phylogenetically in Rat- tus, and the clade is in need of focused re- vision at the generic level. Nesokia bunnui was originally described as a separate ge-nus, Erythronesokia, because it is morphologically very distinctive from N. indica. Type specimen was destroyed during the Iraq War, and a neotype was recently designated to replace it. Monotypic. Distribution. Tigris and Euphrates river valleys, SE Iraq. Descriptive notes. Head—body 230-260 mm, tail 205-270 mm, ear 18-21 mm, hindfoot 49-58 mm; weight 519 g. The Long-tailed Bandicoot Rat is larger than the Short-tailed Bandicoot Rat (N. indica). Pelage is soft and woolly, interspersed with harsher coarse hair and long black hairs near mid-back. Dorsum is fawn to ocherous red, washed with purple or chestnuton darker individuals. Hairs are basally slate-gray and distally rufous, occasionally with whitish or black tips. Muzzle is drab. Sides arefawn, with gray edge toward venter. Venteris whitish, extending onto cheeks where the same pattern from gray to fawn to dorsal pelage occurs. Feet are large and robust, being light brown and well-furred dorsally. Claws are amber on forefeet and dull brown on hindfeet; pollux is extremely small. Ears are moderately long and brownish, with no hair internally. Tail is ¢.82-104% of head-body length and deep brownish drab, interspersed with visible white hair. Skull is large and robust, similarly to the Short-tailed Bandicoot Rat. Habitat. Marsh and swamp land. Food and Feeding. No information. Breeding. No information. Activity patterns. The Long-tailed Bandicoot Rat is terrestrial, although it isfound in swampy and marshy areas and is probably amphibious. Movements, Home range and Social organization. No information. Status and Conservation. Classified as Endangered on The IUCN Red List. The Longtailed Bandicoot Rat is apparently rare and is known from very few specimens. Marsh and swamp habitats in which it is found were completely destroyed during the Iraq War by draining, war damage, and agricultural expansion. In recent years, flooding from Tigris and Euphrates rivers and high snow fall and melt haveresulted in partial restoration ofits native habitat, although restoration is not a complete. Populations are now probably highly fragmented. Bibliography. Al-Ansari et al. (2012), Al-Robaae & Felten (1990), Khajuria (1981), Krystufek et al. (2017), Musser & Carleton (2005), Richardson & Hussain (2006), Stuart (2008). in Muridae

Nesokia is sister to Bandicota and are nested in Rattus phylogenetically, making Rat- tus paraphyletic. Tarsomys, Limnomys, and Diplothrix are also phylogenetically in Rat- tus, and the clade is in need of focused re- vision at the generic level. Nesokia bunnui was originally described as a separate ge-nus, Erythronesokia, because it is morphologically very distinctive from N. indica. Type specimen was destroyed during the Iraq War, and a neotype was recently designated to replace it. Monotypic. Distribution. Tigris and Euphrates river valleys, SE Iraq. Descriptive notes. Head—body 230-260 mm, tail 205-270 mm, ear 18-21 mm, hindfoot 49-58 mm; weight 519 g. The Long-tailed Bandicoot Rat is larger than the Short-tailed Bandicoot Rat (N. indica). Pelage is soft and woolly, interspersed with harsher coarse hair and long black hairs near mid-back. Dorsum is fawn to ocherous red, washed with purple or chestnuton darker individuals. Hairs are basally slate-gray and distally rufous, occasionally with whitish or black tips. Muzzle is drab. Sides arefawn, with gray edge toward venter. Venteris whitish, extending onto cheeks where the same pattern from gray to fawn to dorsal pelage occurs. Feet are large and robust, being light brown and well-furred dorsally. Claws are amber on forefeet and dull brown on hindfeet; pollux is extremely small. Ears are moderately long and brownish, with no hair internally. Tail is ¢.82-104% of head-body length and deep brownish drab, interspersed with visible white hair. Skull is large and robust, similarly to the Short-tailed Bandicoot Rat. Habitat. Marsh and swamp land. Food and Feeding. No information. Breeding. No information. Activity patterns. The Long-tailed Bandicoot Rat is terrestrial, although it isfound in swampy and marshy areas and is probably amphibious. Movements, Home range and Social organization. No information. Status and Conservation. Classified as Endangered on The IUCN Red List. The Longtailed Bandicoot Rat is apparently rare and is known from very few specimens. Marsh and swamp habitats in which it is found were completely destroyed during the Iraq War by draining, war damage, and agricultural expansion. In recent years, flooding from Tigris and Euphrates rivers and high snow fall and melt haveresulted in partial restoration ofits native habitat, although restoration is not a complete. Populations are now probably highly fragmented. Bibliography. Al-Ansari et al. (2012), Al-Robaae & Felten (1990), Khajuria (1981), Krystufek et al. (2017), Musser & Carleton (2005), Richardson & Hussain (2006), Stuart (2008).

opennotspecifiedNov 2017View details →

Distribution. Mt Cameroon, W Cameroon, and Bioko I, Equatorial Guinea. Descriptive notes. Head-body 100- 130 mm, tail 110-147 mm, ear 16-20 mm, hindfoot 21-25 mm; weight 27-62 g. Fur of the Cameroon Soft-furred Mouse is dark rufous-brown to blackish brown above and pale to dark gray below. Tail is very long (c.112% of head-body length) and dark. Hindfeet and forefeet are dark brown. Females have three pairs of nipples. Habitat. Montane forest and alpine grassland at elevations above 1000 m. Food and Feeding. No information. Breeding. Gestation lasts 26-30 days. Litters have 2-6 young. Activity patterns. The Cameroon Soft-furred Mouse is nocturnal and terrestrial. Movements, Home range and Social organization. No information. Status and Conservation. Classified as Endangered on The IUCN Red List. The Cameroon Soft-furred Mouse occurs in two disjunct areas occupying only ¢.2900 km? and the extent and quality of its forest habitat continue to decline. Bibliography. Eisentraut (1970, 1973), Happold (2013a), Missoup et al. (2012), Monadjem etal. (2015). in Muridae

Distribution. Mt Cameroon, W Cameroon, and Bioko I, Equatorial Guinea. Descriptive notes. Head-body 100- 130 mm, tail 110-147 mm, ear 16-20 mm, hindfoot 21-25 mm; weight 27-62 g. Fur of the Cameroon Soft-furred Mouse is dark rufous-brown to blackish brown above and pale to dark gray below. Tail is very long (c.112% of head-body length) and dark. Hindfeet and forefeet are dark brown. Females have three pairs of nipples. Habitat. Montane forest and alpine grassland at elevations above 1000 m. Food and Feeding. No information. Breeding. Gestation lasts 26-30 days. Litters have 2-6 young. Activity patterns. The Cameroon Soft-furred Mouse is nocturnal and terrestrial. Movements, Home range and Social organization. No information. Status and Conservation. Classified as Endangered on The IUCN Red List. The Cameroon Soft-furred Mouse occurs in two disjunct areas occupying only ¢.2900 km? and the extent and quality of its forest habitat continue to decline. Bibliography. Eisentraut (1970, 1973), Happold (2013a), Missoup et al. (2012), Monadjem etal. (2015).

opennotspecifiedNov 2017View details →

The first comprehensive revision of all the species attributed to Melomys led J. I. Menzies in 1996 to resurrect the genus Paramelomys and to redefine its morphologicallimits and species content. Menzies created P. gressitti as a new species belonging to a group displaying morphological similarities and including also P. lorentzii and P. moncktoni. Monotypic Distribution. E New Guinea. Descriptive notes. Head-body 135-162 mm, hindfoot 30-34 mm; no specific data are available for body weight. Gressitt's Mosaic-tailed Rat is a medium-sized Paramelomys with a soft, thick and woolly pelage, a long narrow foot, and a tail with three hairs per scale. It exhibits a medium-sepia dorsal pelage and a gray-buff ventral one. Tail is slightly shorter (99%) than head-body length. The skull has a narrow zygomatic plate. Habitat. Moist tropical mountain forest between 2300 m and 2400 m. Food and Feeding. No information. Breeding. No information. Activity patterns. Gressitt's Mosaic-tailed Rat is terrestrial. Movements, Home range and Social organization. No information. Status and Conservation. Classified as Endangered on The IUCN Red List owing to its small geographic range (less than 3500 km?*) and the destruction ofits habitat by mining and logging activities. The major threat to Gressitt's Mosaic-tailed Rat is ongoing habitat degradation caused by nearby human populations; habitat on Mount Kandy has been destroyed by gold-miners and wood-cutters. Bibliography. Menzies (1996). in Muridae

The first comprehensive revision of all the species attributed to Melomys led J. I. Menzies in 1996 to resurrect the genus Paramelomys and to redefine its morphologicallimits and species content. Menzies created P. gressitti as a new species belonging to a group displaying morphological similarities and including also P. lorentzii and P. moncktoni. Monotypic Distribution. E New Guinea. Descriptive notes. Head-body 135-162 mm, hindfoot 30-34 mm; no specific data are available for body weight. Gressitt's Mosaic-tailed Rat is a medium-sized Paramelomys with a soft, thick and woolly pelage, a long narrow foot, and a tail with three hairs per scale. It exhibits a medium-sepia dorsal pelage and a gray-buff ventral one. Tail is slightly shorter (99%) than head-body length. The skull has a narrow zygomatic plate. Habitat. Moist tropical mountain forest between 2300 m and 2400 m. Food and Feeding. No information. Breeding. No information. Activity patterns. Gressitt's Mosaic-tailed Rat is terrestrial. Movements, Home range and Social organization. No information. Status and Conservation. Classified as Endangered on The IUCN Red List owing to its small geographic range (less than 3500 km?*) and the destruction ofits habitat by mining and logging activities. The major threat to Gressitt's Mosaic-tailed Rat is ongoing habitat degradation caused by nearby human populations; habitat on Mount Kandy has been destroyed by gold-miners and wood-cutters. Bibliography. Menzies (1996).

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Evolutionary processes in an undescribed eucalypt: implications for the translocation of a critically endangered species

<p>Background and Aims Knowledge of the evolutionary processes responsible for the distribution of threatened and highly localised species is important for their conservation. Population genomics can provide insights into evolutionary processes to inform management practices, including the translocation of threatened plant species. In this study, we focus on a critically endangered eucalypt, Eucalyptus sp. Cattai, which is restricted to a 40 km 2 area of Sydney, Australia and is threatened by increased urbanisation. Eucalyptus sp. Cattai is yet to be formally described in part due to its suspected hybrid origin. Here, we examined evolutionary processes and species boundaries in E. sp. Cattai to determine whether translocation was warranted. Methods We used genome-wide scans to investigate the evolutionary relationships of E. sp. Cattai with related species, and to assess levels of genetic health and admixture. Morphological trait and genomic data were obtained from seedlings of E. sp. Cattai propagated in a common garden to assess their genetic provenance and hybrid status. Key Results All analyses revealed that E. sp. Cattai was strongly supported as a distinct species. Genetic diversity varied across populations, and clonality was unexpectedly high. Interspecific hybridisation was detected, and was more prevalent in seedlings compared to in situ adult plants, indicating that post-zygotic barriers may restrict the establishment of hybrids. Conclusions Multiple evolutionary processes (e.g., hybridisation and clonality) can operate within the one rare and restricted species. Insights regarding evolutionary processes from our study were used to assist with the translocation of genetically 'pure' and healthy ex situ seedlings to nearby suitable habitat. Our findings demonstrate that it is vital to provide an understanding of evolutionary relationships and processes with an examination of population genomics in the design and implementation of an effective translocation strategy.</p>

opencc-zeroJul 2022View details →

opennotspecifiedAug 2022View details →

FIGURE 1 in Lilium punctulatum (Liliaceae), a rare and endangered species from northwestern Yunnan, China, elevated from varietal to species status

FIGURE 1. Morphological comparison of four species in Nomocharis. A.–E. Lilium punctulatum. A. Perianth spots. B. Spots at the base of perianth. C. Bulb. D. Habitat. E. Anatomical view. F.,G. Lilium pardanthinum. H.,I. Lilium sealyi. J.,K. Lilium basilissum. Photographs B,C,F and I provided by Li Meng of Nanjing Forestry University.

opennotspecifiedAug 2022View details →

FIGURE 2 in Lilium punctulatum (Liliaceae), a rare and endangered species from northwestern Yunnan, China, elevated from varietal to species status

FIGURE 2. Distribution of L. punctulatum and L. pardanthinum. Red circles represent L. punctulatum and green circles represent L. pardanthinum. Gray shadow represents the concentrated distribution area of L. pardanthinum.

FIGURE 6. A in Description and phylogenetic relationships of a new, purple-flowered, endangered Schomburgkia (Laeliinae; Orchidaceae) from north-eastern Brazil

FIGURE 6. A. Habitat of S. vandenbergiana at the type locality, Serra da Mandioca, Alagoas, Brazil. B. Phorophyte with specimens of S. vandenbergiana. C. A specimen in the natural habitat. Photographs by V. Brito.

FIGURE 3 in Description and phylogenetic relationships of a new, purple-flowered, endangered Schomburgkia (Laeliinae; Orchidaceae) from north-eastern Brazil

FIGURE 3. Phylogenetic relationships of Schomburgkia s.s. produced by Bayesian inference based on nuclear ribosomal ITS and plastid (rpl32-trnL and trnS-trnfM) regions combined including coded indels. Posterior probabilities (>0.75) are indicated above branches.

FIGURE 2 in Description and phylogenetic relationships of a new, purple-flowered, endangered Schomburgkia (Laeliinae; Orchidaceae) from north-eastern Brazil

FIGURE 2. Phylogenetic relationships of Schomburgkia s.s. produced by Bayesian inference based on nuclear ribosomal ITS and plastid (rpl32-trnL and trnS-trnfM) regions combined without coded indels. Posterior probabilities (>0.75) are indicated above branches.

FIGURE 3 in Ternstroemia guerrerensis (Pentaphylacaceae), a new endangered cloud forest tree from Guerrero, Mexico

FIGURE 3. The phylogenetic tree based on ML shows the position of Ternstroemia guerrerensis sp. nov. Bootstrap values are given at the left above branches. Posterior probabilities are given at the right above branches.