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5,510 results for “Foods”
Fig. 1 in An Assessment Of Food Overlap Between Gibbons And Hornbills
Fig. 1. Hornbill and gibbon study site.
Projected climate risk of aquatic food system benefits
<p>Aquatic foods from marine and freshwater systems are critical to the nutrition, health, livelihoods, economies and culture of billions of people worldwide – but climate-related hazards may compromise their ability to provide these benefits. This analysis estimates national-level aquatic food system climate risk using a fuzzy logic modeling approach that connects climate hazards impacting marine and freshwater capture fisheries and aquaculture to their contributions to sustainable food system outcomes, and vulnerability to losing those contributions. Estimates are presented for a high and a low emissions scenario in three different time windows (2030, 2050, 2090). </p>
Data from: Alternative food sources interfere with removal of a fungal amphibian pathogen by zooplankton
<p>1. While the amphibian disease chytridiomycosis is causing ongoing population declines and biodiversity losses around the globe, efficient mitigation strategies are lacking. The free-living zoospores of the causative agents of this disease, the chytrid pathogens <i>Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis</i> (Bd) and <i>Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans</i> (Bsal), are a potential food source for filter-feeding micropredators as part of the aquatic food web. While consumption of zoospores can lower environmental pathogen loads, alternative food sources may interfere with pathogen removal rates.</p> <p>2. We compared the ability of three filter-feeding zooplankton species, i.e. the cladoceran <i>Daphnia magna</i>, the rotifer <i>Brachionus calyciflorus</i> and the ostracod <i>Heterocypris incongruens,</i> to remove Bd zoospores in water and investigated the effect of alternative food sources, i.e. the green algae <i>Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata</i> and <i>Chlorella vulgaris</i>, on zoospore ingestion by <i>D. magna</i>.</p> <p>3.<i> D. magna</i> was the only micropredator candidate that effectively removed Bd zoospores from its environment, with an average removal rate of 1,012 ± 542 GE ind.<sup>-1</sup> h<sup>-1</sup> within our test system. High concentrations (1x10<sup>5</sup> cells/mL) of large and easily ingestible <i>P. subcapitata</i> reduced pathogen removal rates, whereas the small and less edible <i>C. vulgaris</i> did not interfere with pathogen removal.</p> <p>4. <i>Synthesis and applications:</i> We showed that <i>Daphnia spp</i>., which are keystone species in all sorts of aquatic habitats worldwide, are promising target agents for biologically mitigating chytridiomycosis infections and how natural food sources may interfere with this strategy. We also suggest potential management actions for biological disease mitigation, aiming to optimize environmental conditions for these target filter-feeders, thereby reducing pathogen densities and eventually infection pressure in amphibian hosts. Examples of such management actions include, but are not limited to, removal of planktivorous fish, habitat restoration, nutrient control or agrochemical regulation in the vicinity of amphibian breeding ponds. Further studies, including field trials, are needed to confirm the effects of pathogen consumption on infection dynamics in natural situations and investigate the impact of intervention actions.</p>
Wikidata Dump subclass of food
<p> RDF dump of wikidata produced with <a href="https://tools.wmflabs.org/wdumps/">wdumps</a>. </p> <p> <br> <a href="https://tools.wmflabs.org/wdumps/dump/1713">View on wdumper</a> </p> <p> <b>entity count</b>: 2829, <b>statement count</b>: 21710, <b>triple count</b>: 255356 </p>
Collecting data on Hungarian traditional/local pulse varieties, on legume production, consumption and trade of food-purpose pulses in Hungary
<p>Summary data on traditional and local Hungarian pulse varieties will be provided. This will include a systematic summary of all legume species and varieties used for food and feed that are stored in the seed bank data of the National Plant Diversity Centre, Hungary.</p> <p>Statistical data mined from the database of the Hungarian Central Statistical Office (CSO) on the production of the most significant food and feed legumes in Hungary, the household consumption of the some food-used pulses, as well as the food industry processing and the national trade of pulses.</p> <p>Mining and summarizing existing data from different resources will be performed during 2017 and will be provided by February 2018. Statistical data on production, consumption and traded will be supplemented during the project with the updates of CSO databases. Methodologies used will be desk research and primer analysis.</p>
Processing of Legume Products to new Foods
<p>The aim of the work is to develop and produce new foods from various legume processing products. Knowledge of the raw material properties (like water absorption, acidity and aggregation properties) of legume products is very important for product development. It was tried to find connections between raw material parameters and quality of the developed products.<br> Therefore, different technologies were used. The first orienting tests showed that extrusion is the most suitable technology for product development. Due to the dominance of the protein components, experiments were carried out during development in which the pH value was shifted to the alkaline range. Roasting was also tested. A flour was produced from roasted peas, but it did not have good processing properties.<br> These products should have good chances for marketing with regard to their properties. Therefore, properties should be achieved which represent unique selling points for these products. Essential characteristics are that these products are vegetarian or vegan, free of gluten, GMO and allergens. A further goal is a high protein content of the food, which offers the possibility to market these products as meat analogues. Since 2017, the work has been carried out in the pilot plants of IGV GmbH. The first products have been prototyped with pea products (green peas, yellow peas) and lentils. Flours of peeled peas, pea protein concentrates and pea protein isolates have been processed into directly expanded or gelatinised products by means of various types of extrusion, in particular by twin screw extrusion. Expanded products are produced by hot extrusion. They can be used as ready to eat snacks or form the basis for further developments. Gelatinated extrudates are extruded using a gentle process and are semi-finished products, that can be further processed by flocculation or deep-frying. <br> A product family based on pea protein is currently completed. These basic products can be used in various applications. The work will be continued with other legume products (Fava beans, Lentils).</p>
How distorted food prices discourage a healthy diet
<p>Public policy making for the prevention of diet-related disease is impeded by a lack of evidence on whether poor diets are a matter of personal responsibility or a choice set narrowed by environmental conditions. An important element of the environment is market imperfections in food retail that distort prices. We use a rich dataset on quantities and prices of food purchases in the United States and a structural model of dietary choices to examine variation in diets across households that have different levels of income and live in different neighborhoods. We find that price distortions account for one-third of the gap between the recommended and actual intake of fruits and vegetables. A feasible fiscal intervention that remedies these distortions makes all consumers better off.</p>
Dataset for the paper: Integrated spatial planning for biodiversity conservation and food production
<p>This dataset includes the input and output files associated with the article </p> <p>Fastré, C.<sup> </sup>, van Zeist, W-J., Watson, J.E.M.<span> </span>and Visconti, P. (2021) Integrated spatial planning for biodiversity conservation and food production", One-Earth.</p> <p>Instructions and code to reproduce the results are at https://github.com/pierovisconti/integratedSP</p>
Data From: Long-term winter food supplementation shows no significant impact on reproductive performance in Mountain Chickadees in the Sierra Nevada Mountains
<p>Supplemental feeding of wild animal populations is popular across many areas of the world and has long been considered beneficial, especially to avian taxa. Over four billion dollars are spent by hobby bird feeders in the United States each year alone. However, there is mixed evidence whether wildlife feeding is beneficial, including when it is implemented as a conservation management tool, a targeted experimental design, or an avocation. Much of the current evidence suggests that providing supplemental food is advantageous to the reproductive output and general survival of focal taxa. However, many of these studies are limited in scope and duration, leaving possible negative impacts unaddressed. This is particularly true regarding passive backyard feeding, which describes the majority of supplemental feeding, including the immense effort of millions of public enthusiasts. Here we show that winter supplemental feeding prior to reproduction had no significant impact on a range of reproductive parameters in a resident, montane passerine species, the Mountain Chickadee (<em>Poecile</em> <em>gambeli</em>). This population resides in an intact natural environment with no exposure to supplemental food beyond our experimental treatments, and individual birds were tracked across six years using radio frequency identification technology. Our results add to the growing evidence that supplemental feeding alone, isolated from the effects of urban environments, may have little to no impact on the population dynamics of some avian taxa.</p>
FPCA - From mobile app-based crowdsourcing to crowd-trusted food price estimates in Nigeria: pre-processing and post-sampling strategy for optimal statistical inference
<p>Timely and reliable monitoring of commodity food prices is an essential requirement for the assessment of market and food security risks and the establishment of early warning systems, especially in developing economies. However, data from regional or national systems for tracking changes of food prices in sub-Saharan Africa lacks the temporal or spatial richness and is often insufficient to inform targeted interventions. In addition to limited opportunity for [near-]real-time assessment of food prices, various stages in the commodity supply chain are mostly unrepresented, thereby limiting insights on stage-related price evolution. Yet, governments and market stakeholders rely on commodity price data to make decisions on appropriate interventions or commodity-focused investments. Recent rapid technological development indicates that digital devices and connectivity services are becoming affordable for many, including in remote areas of developing economies. This offers a great opportunity both for the harvesting of price data (via new data collection methodologies, such as crowdsourcing/crowdsensing — i.e. citizen-generated data — using mobile apps/devices), and for disseminating it (via web dashboards or other means) to provide real-time data that can support decisions at various levels and related policy-making processes. However, market information that aims at improving the functioning of markets and supply chains requires a continuous data flow as well as quality, accessibility and trust. More data does not necessarily translate into better information. Citizen-based data-generation systems are often confronted by challenges related to data quality and citizen participation, which may be further complicated by the volume of data generated compared to traditional approaches. Following the food price hikes during the first noughties of the 21st century, the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) started working on innovative methodologies for real-time food price data collection and analysis in developing countries. The work carried out so far includes a pilot initiative to crowdsource data from selected markets across several African countries, two workshops (with relevant stakeholders and experts), and the development of a spatial statistical quality methodology to facilitate the best possible exploitation of geo-located data. Based on the latter, the JRC designed the Food Price Crowdsourcing Africa (FPCA) project and implemented it within two states in Northern Nigeria. The FPCA is a credible methodology, based on the voluntary provision of data by a crowd (people living in urban, suburban, and rural areas) using a mobile app, leveraging monetary and non-monetary incentives to enhance contribution, which makes it possible to collect, analyse and validate, and disseminate staple food price data in real time across market segments. The granularity and high frequency of the crowdsourcing data open the door to real-time space-time analysis, which can be essential for policy and decision making and rapid response on specific geographic regions. <a href="https://datam.jrc.ec.europa.eu/datam/perm/news/870?rdr=1666109837893">Link to the project</a></p>
Non-Conventional Time Domain (TD)-NMR Approaches for Food Quality: Case of Gelatin-Based Candies as a Model Food
<p>The TD-NMR technique mostly involves the use of T1 (spin-lattice) and T2 (spin-spin)<br> relaxation times to explain the changes occurring in food systems. However, these relaxation times<br> are affected by many factors and might not always be the best indicators to work with in food related<br> TD-NMR studies. In this study, the non-conventional TD-NMR approaches of Solid Echo<br> (SE)/Magic Sandwich Echo (MSE) and Spin Diffusion in food systems were used for the first time. Soft<br> confectionary gelatin gels were formulated and conventional (T1) and non-conventional (SE, MSE and<br> Spin Diffusion) TD-NMR experiments were performed. Corn syrups with different glucose/fructose<br> compositions were used to prepare the soft candies. Hardness, °Brix (°Bx), and water activity (aw)<br> measurements were also conducted complementary to NMR experiments. Relaxation times changed<br> (p < 0.05) with respect to syrup type with no obvious trend. SE/MSE experiments were performed to<br> calculate the crystallinity of the samples. Samples prepared with fructose had the lowest crystallinity<br> values (p < 0.05). Spin Diffusion experiments were performed by using Goldman–Shen pulse sequence<br> and the interface thickness (d) was calculated. Interface thickness values showed a wide range of<br> variation (p < 0.05). Results showed that non-conventional NMR approaches had a high potential to be<br> utilized in food systems for quality control purposes.</p>
Hypothalamic interaction with reward-related regions during subjective evaluation of foods
<p>The reward system implemented in the midbrain, ventral striatum, orbitofrontal cortex, and ventromedial prefrontal cortex evaluates and compares various types of rewards given to the organisms. It has been suggested that autonomic factors influence reward-related processing via the hypothalamus, but how the hypothalamus modulates the reward system remains elusive. In this functional magnetic resonance imaging study, the hypothalamus was parcellated into individual hypothalamic nuclei performing different autonomic functions using boundary mapping parcellation analyses. The effective interaction during subjective evaluation of foods in a reward task was then investigated between the human hypothalamic nuclei and the reward-related regions. We found significant brain activity decrease in the paraventricular nucleus (PVH) and lateral nucleus in the hypothalamus in food evaluation compared with monetary evaluation. A psychophysiological interaction analysis revealed dual interactions between the PVH and (1) midbrain region and (2) ventromedial prefrontal cortex, with the former correlated with the stronger tendency of participants toward food-seeking. A dynamic causal modeling analysis further revealed unidirectional interactions from the PVH to the midbrain and ventromedial prefrontal cortex. These results suggest that the PVH in the human hypothalamus interacts with the reward-related regions in the cerebral cortex via multiple pathways (i.e., the midbrain pathway and ventromedial prefrontal pathway) to evaluate rewards for subsequent decision-making.</p>
Food and waterborne outbreaks data complementing the European Union One Health 2021 Zoonoses Report
<p>Food and waterborne outbreaks data reported under the framework of Directive 2003/99/EC and in accordance with the update of the technical specifications for harmonised reporting of FBOs through the EU reporting system in accordance with Directive 2003/99/EC. This dataset includes the number of outbreaks, as well as the number of human cases, hospitalisations and deaths, per causative agent. In addition, other information can include data on causative agents, food vehicles, and the factors in food preparation and handling that contributed to the food-borne outbreaks. Reporting countries can also provide information on the nature of the evidence supporting the suspicion of the food vehicle. This evidence can be epidemiological, microbiological, descriptive environmental, or based on product tracing investigations. </p>
A low-carbon health diet to change the Chinese food system
<p><strong>These are data about all the figures in the manuscript, mainly including: Food GHG emissions from field to table, food consumption and GHG emissions in 19 provinces, food consumption under different scenes, GHG emissions under different scenes in 2050 and Low carbon Health Dictionary Guidelines of China.</strong></p>
Bumblebees' food preferences are jointly shaped by rapid valuation of nectar sugar concentration and viscosity
<p>Animals are often assumed to follow a strategy of energy maximisation, and therefore should evaluate feeding options based on energy intake rates. Contrastingly, rhesus macaque's learned food preferences are based on sensory properties, e.g. sweetness and resistance, regardless of energy differences. Here, we show that nectar sugar concentration (sweetness) and nectar viscosity (resistance) drive preferences of bumblebees, classical models for economic and foraging decision-making. Using a tasteless/odourless biopolymer (tylose), we created feeding options that differed in sweetness and resistance, properties that affect energy intake rate and can be immediately sensed. When energy intake rates were similar, bumblebees developed preferences based on sweetness and resistance. When energy intake rates were different but sweetness and resistance were balanced against each other, bees developed no preferences. Decision dynamics during training indicated that bumblebees simultaneously evaluated sweetness and resistance to make decisions quickly (in seconds). These results indicate that bumblebees' food preferences are jointly affected by the immediate sensation of nectar sweetness and resistance as positively and negatively reinforcing properties, respectively, irrespective of energy intake rate. From these findings we propose that subjective valuations of sensory food properties should be considered as constraints in models of foraging behaviour.</p>
Data for: Unprecedented shift in Canadian High Arctic polar bear food web unsettles four millennia of stability
<p><span>Stable carbon (δ<sup>13</sup>C) and nitrogen (δ<sup>15</sup>N) isotope analysis was conducted on modern and archaeological polar bear bone collagen from the Canadian Arctic Archipelago to investigate potential changes in polar bear foraging ecology over four millennia. Polar bear </span><span>δ<sup>13</sup>C</span><span> values showed a significant decline in the modern samples relative to all archaeological time-bins, indicating a disruption in the sources of production that support the food web, occurring after the Industrial Revolution. The trophic structure, indicated through </span><span>δ<sup>15</sup>N</span><span>, remained unaltered throughout all time periods. The lower </span><span>δ<sup>13</sup>C</span><span> observed in the modern samples indicates a change in the relative importance of pelagic (supported by open-water phytoplankton) over sympagic (supported by sea ice-associated algae) primary production. The consistency in polar bear </span><span>δ<sup>13</sup>C</span><span> through the late Holocene includes climatic shifts such as the Medieval Warm Period (MWP, A.D. 950–1250) and the early stages of the Little Ice Age (LIA, A.D. 1300–1850). These findings suggest that polar bears inhabit a food web that is more pelagic and less sympagic today than it was through the Late Holocene. We suggest that modern, anthropogenic warming has already affected food web structure in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago when modern data are contextualized with a deep time perspective.</span></p>
Dataset: Global market drivers for sustainable cephalopod food systems
<p>1. Aquatic food systems are important contributors to global food security to satisfy an intensifying demand for protein-based diets, but global economic growth threatens marine systems. Cephalopod (octopus, squid, cuttlefish) fisheries can contribute to food security; however their sustainable exploitation requires understanding connections between nature's contributions to people (NCP), food system policies and human wellbeing.</p> <p>2. Our global literature review methodology examined what is known about cephalopod food systems, value chains and supply chains and associated market drivers. For analysis, we followed the IPBES conceptual framework to build a map of the links between cephalopod market drivers, NCP and good quality of life (GQL). Then we mapped cephalopod food system dynamics onto IPBES (in)direct drivers of change relating to catch, trade and consumption.</p> <p>3. This research contributes knowledge about key factors relating to cephalopods that can support transitions towards increased food security: the value of new aquatic food species; food safety and authenticity systems; place-based innovations and empowerment of communities; and consumer behaviour, lifestyle and motivations for better health and environmental sustainability along the food value chain. We outline requirements for a sustainable, equitable cephalopod food system policy landscape that values nature's contributions to people, considers UN Sustainable Development Goals and emphasises the role of seven overlapping IPBES (in)direct drivers of change: Economic, Governance, Sociocultural and Socio-psychological, Technological, Direct Exploitation, Natural Processes and Pollution. We present a novel market-based adaptation of the IPBES conceptual framework – our 'cephalopod food system framework', to represent how the cephalopod food system functions and how it can inform processes to improve sustainability and equity of the cephalopod food system.</p> <p>4. This synthesised knowledge provides the basis for diagnosing opportunities (e.g. high demand for products) and constraints (e.g. lack of data about how supply chain drivers link to cephalopod NCP) to be considered regarding the role of cephalopods in transformations towards a resilient and more diversified seafood production system. This social-ecological systems approach could apply to other wild harvest commodities with implications for diverse marine species and ecosystems and can inform those working to deliver marine and terrestrial food security while preserving biodiversity.</p>
Nonnative fish facilitate nonnative snails and alter food web structure in experimental pond communities
<p>1. Contemporary ecosystems commonly support multiple nonnative species, which can alter community structure and interact with one another directly and indirectly. Novel interactions between invasive species can result in the facilitation or suppression of one or both invaders, making it important to understand the underlying mechanisms that affect invasion outcomes. </p> <p>2. Goldfish (<em>Carassius</em> <em>auratus</em>) and Chinese mystery snails (<em>Cipangopaludina</em> <em>chinensis</em>) are freshwater species that have been introduced widely through the aquarium trade and co-occur in their nonnative ranges. We used an outdoor mesocosm experiment to assess separate and combined effects of goldfish and mystery snails on pond community structure and to investigate whether goldfish and mystery snails affected one another positively, neutrally, or negatively. We predicted that the distinct trophic levels of each species and the anti-predator traits of mystery snails would lead to positive interactions between invaders and synergistic effects on the aquatic community. </p> <p>3. Goldfish directly increased turbidity and decreased floating filamentous algae, zooplankton, juvenile native snails, and survival of amphibians via consumptive effects. Goldfish indirectly increased attached periphyton, phytoplankton, and body size of surviving native green frogs (<em>Lithobates</em> <em>clamitans</em>) through trophic cascades and/or release from competition. Mystery snails had more subtle effects, including reducing growth rates of native gray tree frogs (<em>Hyla</em> <em>versicolor</em>), likely through competitive interactions. </p> <p>4. With goldfish present, mystery snails showed increased reproductive success (higher total biomass of juveniles), likely due to indirect competitive release from other herbivores. In contrast to their effects on native snails, goldfish did not consume juvenile mystery snails, likely due to their unique traits (e.g., large size and shell thickness). Mystery snails slightly reduced goldfish growth but did not affect their survival. </p> <p>5. These results suggest unidirectional facilitation between invaders via indirect changes in the food web. Overall, our study found strong direct and indirect effects of invasive aquarium species, particularly goldfish, and provides experimental support for the invasional meltdown hypothesis within urban waterbodies, which are especially prone to invasions.</p>
Foraging preferences and interspecific competition generate multimodal complexity-stability relationships in an adaptive food-web framework
<p><span>Ecological theory predicts that complex ecological networks are unstable and are unlikely to persist, despite many empirical studies of such complexity in nature. To resolve real complexity-stability relationships, coupling population dynamics and trait dynamics is considered to be an important way to understand the long-term stability of ecological community assemblages. However, modelling eco-evolutionary dynamics in ecologically realistic networks is still a challenge. Here, we establish an adaptive food web model to evaluate the complexity-stability debate in a mutualist-exploiters-specialist forager-generalist forager system. Our theoretical model predicts that the connectance-stability relationship may show positive monotonic (/), negative monotonic (\), peaked (∩) and double-peaked (oscillatory) patterns. Moreover, the double-peaked pattern is only obtained when both the adaptation intensity and interspecific competition are high, which may explain no complexity-stability relationships revealed in empirical data. Finally, we deduce that foraging adaptation alters positive and/or negative feedback loops to affect the stability of real food webs.</span></p>
Earth Food Security: Use Case Service
<p>This use case service consists in a water availability index computed based on soil status from Earth Observation. For the computation of water availability, long-time series of Soil Moisture is used to establish climatology over West Africa.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.