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1,709 results for “Reflectivity”
λ/4 Retarder Film Measurement from: Polarization of foliar reflectance – novel host plant cue for insect herbivores
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Multispectral Radiometry percent reflectance:The influence of natural enemies on plant community composition and productivity
The purpose of this experiment is to determine the influences of natural enemies, including plant pathogenic fungi and insect pests, influence plant community composition, productivity, and diversity over time. The experiment is being conducted in an old field that is burned every other year. Within the old field, there are 8 blocks, and within each block there are 6 treatments: foliar fungicide, soil drench fungicide, foliar insecticide, mammal exclosure, the combination of all enemy suppression tactics (pesticides and mammal exclosure), and a nontreated control. The pesticides are applied repeatedly throughout the growing season. Within the plots, community productivity, species composition, percent cover, and pest damage are being quantified over time.
EMIT L2A Estimated Surface Reflectance and Uncertainty and Masks 60 m V001
The Earth Surface Mineral Dust Source Investigation (EMIT) instrument measures surface mineralogy, targeting the Earth’s arid dust source regions. EMIT is installed on the International Space Station (ISS) and uses imaging spectroscopy to take mineralogical measurements of sunlit regions of interest between 52° N latitude and 52° S latitude. An interactive map showing the regions being investigated, current and forecasted data coverage, and additional data resources can be found on the VSWIR Imaging Spectroscopy Interface for Open Science (VISIONS) [EMIT Open Data Portal](https://earth.jpl.nasa.gov/emit/data/data-portal/coverage-and-forecasts/).The EMIT Level 2A Estimated Surface Reflectance and Uncertainty and Masks (EMITL2ARFL) Version 1 data product provides surface reflectance data in a spatially raw, non-orthocorrected format. Each EMITL2ARFL granule consists of three Network Common Data Format 4 (NetCDF4) files at a spatial resolution of 60 meters (m): Reflectance (EMIT_L2A_RFL), Reflectance Uncertainty (EMIT_L2A_RFLUNCERT), and Reflectance Mask (EMIT_L2A_MASK). The Reflectance file contains surface reflectance maps of 285 bands with a spectral range of 381-2493 nanometers (nm) at a spectral resolution of ~7.5 nm, which are held within a single science dataset layer (SDS). The Reflectance Uncertainty file contains uncertainty estimates about the reflectance captured as per-pixel, per-band, posterior standard deviations. The Reflectance Mask file contains six binary flag bands and two data bands. The binary flag bands identify the presence of features including clouds, water, and spacecraft which indicate if a pixel should be excluded from analysis. The data bands contain estimates of aerosol optical depth (AOD) and water vapor.Each NetCDF4 file holds a location group containing a geometric lookup table (GLT) which is an orthorectified image that provides relative x and y reference locations from the raw scene to allow for projection of the data. Along with the GLT layers, the files will also contain latitude, longitude, and elevation layers. The latitude and longitude coordinates are presented using the World Geodetic System (WGS84) ellipsoid. The elevation data was obtained from Shuttle Radar Topography Mission v3 (SRTM v3) data and resampled to EMIT’s spatial resolution.Each granule is approximately 75 kilometers (km) by 75 km, nominal at the equator, with some granules at the end of an orbit segment reaching 150 km in length.Known Issues:* Data acquisition gap: From September 13, 2022, through January 6, 2023, a power issue outside of EMIT caused a pause in operations. Due to this shutdown, no data were acquired during that timeframe.* Possible Reflectance Discrepancies: Due to changes in computational architecture, EMITL2ARFL reflectance data produced after December 4, 2024, with Software Build 010621 and onward may show discrepancies in reflectance of up to 0.8% in extreme cases in some wavelengths as compared to values in previously processed data. These discrepancies are generally lower than 0.8% and well within estimated uncertainties. Between earlier builds and Build 010621, neither resulting output should be interpreted as more ‘correct’ than the other, as their results are simply convergence differences from an optimization search. Most users are unlikely to observe the impact.
SWAN 3D Radar Reflectivity
<p><strong>The SWAN 3D mosaicked radar reflectivity:</strong></p> <p>Wavelength: S-band</p> <p>Time period: 2018/06/29 - 2018/06/30</p> <p>Coverage: 105 - 117 deg E, 27 - 35 deg N</p> <p>Horizontal information: 1200 x 800 grids with 1 km horizontal resolution </p> <p>Vertical levels: 21 levels with 500 m resolution from 0.5 to 8 km AGL and 1km resolution above 8 km AGL</p> <p>Format: netCDF4</p> <p> </p>
Dataset From: Structuring of colloidal silica nanoparticle suspensions near water–silica interfaces probed by specular neutron reflectivity
<p>The dataset for the publication "Structuring of colloidal silica nanoparticle suspensions near water–silica interfaces probed by specular neutron reflectivity". DOI: 10.1039/d0cp00465k.</p> <p>Files containing data have .dat extension and are in text format.</p>
Dataset: Male ultraviolet reflectance and female mating history influence female mate choice and male mating success in a polyandrous lizard
<p>This is the online dataset corresponding to the article </p> <p><strong>Male ultraviolet reflectance and female mating history influence female mate choice and male mating success in a polyandrous lizard </strong>published in Biological Journal of Linnean Society in 2020.</p>
Fig. 2 in Skeleton of a Cretaceous mammal from Madagascar reflects long-term insularity
Fig. 2 | Cranium, lower jaw and dentition of A. hui holotype (UA 9030).
Supplementary materials for Khan et al 2007: Predicting Odor Pleasantness from Odorant Structure: Pleasantness as a Reflection of the Physical World
<p>Supplementary materials for Predicting Odor Pleasantness from Odorant Structure: Pleasantness as a Reflection of the Physical World</p> <p>Rehan M. Khan, Chung-Hay Luk, Adeen Flinker, Amit Aggarwal, Hadas Lapid, Rafi Haddad, Noam Sobel</p> <p>Journal of Neuroscience 12 September 2007, 27 (37) 10015-10023; DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1158-07.2007</p>
Post-disturbance conifer tree-ring δ15N reflects openness of the nitrogen cycle across temperate coastal rainforests
<p>1. Post-disturbance losses in nitrogen (N) may diminish forest productivity, and soils with inherently 'open' N cycles (high nitrification rates) are considered the most vulnerable to leaching losses of NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>. Monitoring ongoing N depletion from soil profiles is challenging, but tree-ring δ<sup>15</sup>N of regenerating stands may offer an effective method for assessing site-specific, long-term soil N dynamics. Evidence to date is mixed, however, and includes increasing, unchanging, or decreasing tree-ring δ<sup>15</sup>N in young stands following stand-level disturbances, possibly because of contrasting soil fertility among study sites. In addition, a consensus on post-disturbance N trajectories is hampered by the sometimes inconsistent patterns in tree-ring δ<sup>15</sup>N found between tree species of differing mycorrhizal association.</p> <p><a name="_Hlk38376288">2. We compared tree-ring </a>δ<sup>15</sup>N of two conifer species (<i>Picea sitchensis</i> with ectomycorrhizal fungi and <i>Thuja plicata</i> with arbuscular mycorrhiza) from a replicated silviculture trial across temperate rainforests of Vancouver Island (Canada). A natural gradient in soil fertility across the six sites, driven largely by topography and parent materials, was confirmed by an <i>in situ</i> increase in N mineralization and nitrification rates with declining C:N ratios for both organic horizons and mineral soils. </p> <p>3. Five decades after logging, the overall trend in tree-ring δ<sup>15</sup>N was positive, but among individual plots there was a wide range in δ<sup>15</sup>N slopes, ranging from nearly 0 to 0.13. We found the gains in tree-ring δ<sup>15</sup>N over time were consistent between mycorrhizal types and escalated sharply (up to 6‰) with increasing N mineralization rates, although less so on flat terrain with seasonal water tables. The most recent sapwood was also enriched in <sup>15</sup>N as soil N mineralization rates increased, perhaps slightly more so for <i>T</i>. <i>plicata</i> than <i>P</i>. <i>sitchensis</i>. </p> <p>4. <i>Synthesis</i>. The correspondence of tree-ring δ<sup>15</sup>N with soil fertility may be especially strong in regenerating forests because of tree ontogeny effects, including the expansion of rooting depth and differences in N resorption efficiency with stand age. <a name="_Hlk37683599">Sharp</a> increases in tree-ring d<sup>15</sup>N underscore the vulnerability of low C:N soils with open N cycles to post-disturbance N losses, and highlight how repeated, frequent harvest cycles may risk substantial N depletion from these productive rainforest ecosystems.</p>
Repository - Ganymede's far-ultraviolet reflectance: constraining impurities in the surface ice
<p>This repository contains the modeled spectra and material optical properties used to produce Figures 3-11 in the main text, and the supplementary figures.</p>
Non-diffracting light in nature: Anomalously reflected self-healing Bessel beams from jewel scarabs_expeimental dataset
<p>This file contains the raw unprocessed experimental data for the results published in Petr Bouchal et al., Non-diffracting light in nature: Anomalously reflected self-healing Bessel beams from jewel scarabs, <em>APL Photonics</em> <strong>4</strong>, 126102, 2019. </p>
Figure 3 in Morphology of oil-collecting pilosity of female Rediviva bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Melittidae) reflects host plant use
Figure 3. Backscattered SEM images of female Rediviva tarsomeres of forelegs in lateral view. (A) R. nitida (type I); (B) R. macgregori (type II); (C) R. intermixta (type III); (D) R. saetigera (type IV); (E) R. parva (type III); (F) R. gigas (type IV). Scale bar 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: uh, unbranched strong and slender hairs; bh, highly branched absorptive hairs; ph, lamellar apically pluridentate hairs; sph, pluridentate to blunt spatulate hairs; sch, broad and slightly curved blade-like scraping hairs; lth, strong simple hairs with lanceolate tips, branched at the base.
Figure 1 in Morphology of oil-collecting pilosity of female Rediviva bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Melittidae) reflects host plant use
Figure 1. Female Rediviva bees in lateral view showing species-specific variation of foreleg length. (A) R. alonsoae; (B) R. macgregori; (C) R. longimanus; (D) R. emdeorum. Scale bar: 10 mm.
Supplementary material 1 from: Di Muri C, Lawson Handley L, Bean CW, Li J, Peirson G, Sellers GS, Walsh K, Watson HV, Winfield IJ, Hänfling B (2020) Read counts from environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding reflect fish abundance and biomass in drained ponds. Metabarcoding and Metagenomics 4: e56959. https://doi.org/10.3897/mbmg.4.56959
Table S1 and Figure S1
Supplementary material 2 from: Di Muri C, Lawson Handley L, Bean CW, Li J, Peirson G, Sellers GS, Walsh K, Watson HV, Winfield IJ, Hänfling B (2020) Read counts from environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding reflect fish abundance and biomass in drained ponds. Metabarcoding and Metagenomics 4: e56959. https://doi.org/10.3897/mbmg.4.56959
Table S2. Fish taxonomic assignment metaBEAT
Supplementary material 3 from: Di Muri C, Lawson Handley L, Bean CW, Li J, Peirson G, Sellers GS, Walsh K, Watson HV, Winfield IJ, Hänfling B (2020) Read counts from environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding reflect fish abundance and biomass in drained ponds. Metabarcoding and Metagenomics 4: e56959. https://doi.org/10.3897/mbmg.4.56959
Table S3. Unassigned blast 1.0
Figure 2 in Four New Bat Species (Rhinolophus hildebrandtii Complex) Reflect Plio-Pleistocene Divergence of Dwarfs and Giants across an Afromontane Archipelago
Figure 2. Map of southern, central and eastern Africa indicating localities of individuals of R. hildebrandtii species-complex included in this study. Grey-shaded area represents elevations in excess of 600 m a.s.l. Closed squares indicate museum specimens from which craniometric data were obtained. Open symbols indicate specimens genotyped in this study. The distribution of the three major clades is based on cytochrome b (see Figure 2): open circles = Clade 1; open squares = Clade 2; open diamonds = Clade 3. Closed squares enclosed in open symbols indicate localities where both molecular and morphological data were available for selected specimens. Numbers refer to respective localities listed in Table S1. ''T'' indicates the type localities of R. eloquens in Uganda and R. hildebrandtii in Kenyaı respectively. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0041744.g002
Figure 8 in Four New Bat Species (Rhinolophus hildebrandtii Complex) Reflect Plio-Pleistocene Divergence of Dwarfs and Giants across an Afromontane Archipelago
Figure 8. Photographs showing lateral views of noseleafs of selected individuals (including holotypes of new species) of the Rhinolophus hildebrandtii complex representing molecular Lineage 1a (= cohenae sp. nov.; a–b), Lineage 1b (= mabuensis sp. nov.; c) and Clade 2 (= mossambicus sp. nov.; d–f). a = DM 7886 (cohenae sp. nov.;Barberton Tunnel, Mpumalanga Province, South Africa); b = DM 8626 (cohenae sp. nov.; Barberton Tunnel, Mpumalanga Province, South Africa; Holotype); c = DM 10842 (mabuensis sp. nov.; Mt Mabu, Mozambique; Holotype); d = DM 8578 (mossambicus sp. nov.; Niassa Game Reserve, Mozambique; Holotype); e = DM 8579 (mossambicus sp. nov.; Chinizuia, Mozambique); f = DM 8577 (mossambicus sp. nov.; Namapa, Mozambique). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0041744.g008
Data from: Improving learner-driven teaching practices through reflective assessment
<p><strong>Objective</strong>: Reflective assessment is an effective method of teacher evaluation, serving as an approach for, assessing teaching practices, generating insights, and connecting with colleagues, ultimately supporting meaningful transformation of teaching practice. In this paper, three librarians model a reflective assessment approach in evaluating and improving their experiences implementing learner-driven teaching practices in credit-bearing courses in topics related to library and information studies.</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong>: Following a model of reflective assessment, we ask ourselves how our practice can better support learner-driven teaching practices, thus assessing and improving our own teaching and improving students' learning experiences. Our process involved five steps: cohere around shared viewpoints; identify teaching practices for reflection; conduct reflection; discuss and analyze reflections to produce insights; apply insights to improve teaching.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong>: We reflect on five different learner-driven teaching practices: co-creative syllabus design, learner-defined personal learning goals, soliciting and responding to learner feedback, interdisciplinary discussions and exercises, self-evaluation. We discuss improvements and refinements that we implemented in response to our reflective assessment, including: more frequent checking in with students; more clarity regarding self-evaluation and grading; one-on-one meetings with all students; allowing students to negotiations, discuss, and determine assignment deadlines and dates; more flexibility with students' work products; and increased pedagogical transparency. As a further result, our reflective process models an approachable framework for engaging in reflective assessment.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions</strong>: This paper presents a model for reflective assessment of teaching in an academic library. We present a discussion of learner-driven teaching practices, and we offer a practical pathway for other teachers and practitioners to assess their teaching. We find that reflective assessment is an effective and insightful approach for understanding and improving learner-driven teaching practices.</p>
Data from: Telomere length reflects phenotypic quality and costs of reproduction in a long-lived seabird
Telomere length is associated with cellular senescence, lifestyle and ageing. Short telomeres indicate poor health in humans and reduced life expectancy in several bird species, but little is known about telomeres in relation to phenotypic quality in wild animals. We investigated telomere lengths in erythrocytes of known-age common terns (Sterna hirundo), a migratory seabird, in relation to arrival date and reproductive performance. Cross-sectional data revealed that, independent of age, individuals with short telomeres performed better: they arrived and reproduced earlier in the season and had more chicks in the nest. The latter effect was stronger the older the brood and stronger in males, which do most of the chick provisioning. Longitudinal data confirmed this pattern: compared with birds that lost their brood, birds that raised chicks beyond the 10th nestling day experienced higher telomere attrition from one year to the next. However, more detailed analysis revealed that the least and most successful individuals lost the fewest base pairs compared with birds with intermediate success. Our results suggest that reproductive success is achieved at the expense of telomeres, but that individual heterogeneity in susceptibility to such detrimental effects is important, as indicated by low telomere loss in the most successful birds.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
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The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.