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5,666 results for “Social”
Data from: Dietary tryptophan affects group behavior in a social bird
<p>The amino acid tryptophan (Trp) is precursor of the neurotransmitter serotonin. Trp supplementation or other forms of serotonergic enhancement generally promote pro-social behavior, decreasing aggression and also feeding in different animals. However, past research has been conducted in confined spaces, and there is little work in naturalistic conditions where animals move and associate more freely. We gave a Trp-enriched diet to a free-flying flock of common waxbills (<em>Estrilda astrild</em>) in semi-natural conditions, and monitored group foraging, aggressions during feeding and the social network. Contrary to expectations, aggressiveness and feeding increased during Trp supplementation. Consistent with the prediction of increased social associations, foraging groups became larger and individuals joined more foraging groups, but these changes appear driven by increased appetite during Trp treatment. Also, the mean strength of associations in the social network did not change. Overall, Trp supplementation affected group behavior in this free-flying flock, but mostly in directions unanticipated based on research conducted in small spaces. To harmonize our results with those found in small confined spaces, we hypothesise that free-flying birds have energetic requirements not experienced in lab-housed individuals, which may impact social behaviour and responses to Trp.</p>
Sustainability Science Papers: Image accompanying social media post
<p>Image accompanying a social media post on the micro-blogging platform called Twitter at the time.</p> <p>Image description/ Alt text:</p> <p>An image of twelve abstracted scientific papers with with only titles readable. The Title of the whole image is "Sustainability Science Papers". The twelve titles are:<br>- A new framework to organize frameworks about human-nature relations<br>- Eating meat is bad<br>- It's capitalism's fault<br>- The economists did not let me publish my degrowth stuff<br>- Turns out businesses are not as green as they claim to be<br>- Here are many different scenarios for the future. Now go cry.<br>- We went to this island and did some workhshops with fishermen and the government. They just don't get it.<br>- This anthropocene concept is mindblowing<br>- Academia sucks, that's why we wrote a paper about it<br>- A social-ecological-art-dentistry reflection on interdisciplinary challenges<br>- You say activist, I say transdisciplinarity<br>- I have a PhD in sustainability science. I still do not know what it is.</p> <p>The social media post text accompanying the image at the time was:</p> <p>"I had to make one for #sustainability science, because a) the others made me laugh a lot and b) gave me a nice unfiltered insight into some fields 😂. #TypesOfScientificPapers #AcademicTwitter <br>(btw, thx @g_levrier) https://t.co/vkaPKsvVtq"</p>
Generative AI in Crowdwork for Web and Social Media Research: A Survey of Workers at Three Platforms
<p>Data generated for the paper "<span>Generative AI in Crowdwork for Web and Social Media Research:</span><br><span>A Survey of Workers at Three Platforms</span>" presented at ICWSM 2024.</p>
Distances between Brazilian Social Housing and Urban Services
<p>This database presents the results of a survey conducted through research using the Google Maps Platform API for grocery stores, drugstores, bank branches, lottery agencies, public schools, health centers, and parks services in a sample of 2241 social housing developments built under Brazilian government programs. It was developed to evaluate the quality of urban insertion of social housing by the HabLabEEE project.</p> <p>Esta base de dados apresenta os resultados de um levantamento realizado por meio de pesquisa com API do Google Maps Platform por serviços de mercado, farmácia, banco, lotérica, escola pública, posto de saúde e parque em uma amostra de 2241 conjuntos habitacionais construídos no âmbito de programas governamentais brasileiros. Foi desenvolvida para avaliar a qualidade da inserção urbana das HIS brasileiras pelo projeto HabLabEEE.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Supplementary data for Development of Indicators of Social Vulnerability and Fishing Reliance in English Coastal Communities
<p>Supplementary data for Development of Indicators of Social Vulnerability and Fishing Reliance in English Coastal Communities by Tom Gibson, Chloe Lucas and Angela Muench. Full details are available via the publication and details of folder and file structures are available in the ReadMe file. </p>
Data from: Evidence for socially influenced and potentially actively coordinated cooperation by bumblebees
<p>Cooperation is common in animals, yet the specific mechanisms driving collaborative behaviour in different species remain unclear. We investigated the proximate mechanisms underlying the cooperative behaviour of bumblebees in two different tasks, where bees had to simultaneously push a block in an arena or a door at the end of a tunnel for access to reward. In both tasks, when their partner's entry into the arena/tunnel was delayed, bees took longer to first push the block/door, compared to control bees that learned to push alone. In the tunnel task, just before gaining access to reward, bees were more likely to face towards their partner than expected by chance or compared to controls. These results show that bumblebees' cooperative behaviour is not simply a by-product of individual efforts but is socially influenced. We discuss how bees' turning behaviours, e.g. turning around before first reaching the door when their partner was delayed and turning back towards the door in response to seeing their partner heading towards the door, suggest active coordination at its simplest level – i.e. bumblebees may have a basic understanding of their partner's role in cooperative tasks. Future studies are needed to help determine the complexity and limitations of this understanding.</p>
Biogeography and evolution of social parasitism in Australian Myrmecia bulldog ants revealed by phylogenomics
<p>Studying the historical biogeography and life history transitions from eusocial colony life to social parasitism contributes to our understanding of the evolutionary mechanisms generating biodiversity in eusocial insects. The bulldog ants in the genus <em>Myrmecia</em> are a well-suited system for testing competing evolutionary hypotheses about how their species diversity was assembled through time because the genus is endemic to Australia with the single exception of the species <em>Myrmecia apicalis </em>inhabiting the Pacific Island of New Caledonia and because at least one social parasite species exists in the genus. However, the evolutionary mechanisms underlying the disjunct biogeographic distribution of <em>M. apicalis</em> and the life history transition(s) to social parasitism remain unexplored. To study the biogeographic origin of the isolated, oceanic species <em>M. apicalis</em> and to reveal the origin and evolutionary history of social parasitism in the genus, we reconstructed a comprehensive phylogeny of the ant subfamily Myrmeciinae. We utilized Ultra Conserved Elements (UCEs) as molecular markers to generate a comprehensive molecular genetic dataset consisting of 2,287 loci per taxon on average for 66 out of the 93 known <em>Myrmecia </em>species as well as for the sister lineage <em>Nothomyrmecia macrops</em> and selected outgroup taxa. Our time-calibrated phylogeny inferred that: (i) stem myrmeciine ants originated during the Paleocene ~58 Ma ago; (ii) the current disjunct biogeographic distribution of <em>M. apicalis </em>was driven by long-distance dispersal from Australia to New Caledonia during the Miocene ~14 Ma ago; (iii) the single social parasite species, <em>M. inquilina</em>, exploits three host species and evolved directly from one of the known host species, <em>M. nigriceps</em>, most likely via the intraspecific route of social parasite evolution in sympatry; and (iv) 5 of the 9 previously established taxonomic species groups are non-monophyletic. We suggest minor changes to reconcile the molecular phylogenetic results with the taxonomic classification. Our study enhances our understanding of the evolution and biogeography of Australian bulldog ants in the genus <em>Myrmecia</em>, contributes to our knowledge about the evolution of social parasitism in ants, and provides a solid phylogenetic foundation for future inquiries </p>
Social experiences shape song preference learning independent of developmental exposure to song
<p>Communication governs the formation and maintenance of social relationships. The interpretation of communication signals depends not only on the signal's content, but also on a receiver's individual experience. Experiences throughout life may interact to affect behavioral plasticity, such that a lack of developmental sensory exposure could constrain adult learning, while salient adult social experiences could remedy developmental deficits. We investigated how experiences impact the formation and direction of female auditory preferences in the zebra finch. Zebra finches form long-lasting pair bonds and females learn preferences for their mate's vocalizations. We found that after two weeks of cohabitation with a male, females formed pair bonds and learned to prefer their partner's song regardless of whether they were reared with ("normally-reared") or without ("song-naïve") developmental exposure to song. In contrast, females that heard but did not physically interact with a male did not prefer his song. In addition, previous work has found that song-naive females do not show species-typical preferences for courtship song. We found that cohabitation with a male ameliorated this difference in preference. Thus, courtship and pair bonding, but not acoustic-only interactions, strongly influence preference learning regardless of rearing experience, and may dynamically drive auditory plasticity for recognition and preference.</p>
Boldness suppresses hoarding behavior in food hoarding season and reduces over-wintering survival in a social rodent
<p><span>The "pace-of-life" syndrome (POLS) framework can encompass multiple personality axes that drive important functional behaviours (e.g., foraging behaviour) and that co-vary with multiple life history traits. Food hoarding is an adaptive behaviour important for an animal's adaptation to seasonal fluctuations in food availability. However, the empirical evidence for the relationships between animal personality and hoarding behaviour remains unclear, including its fitness consequences in the POLS framework. In this study, the Mongolian gerbil (<em>Meriones</em> <em>unguiculatus</em>), a social rodent, was used as a model system to investigate how boldness or shyness is associated with food hoarding strategies in the food hoarding season and overwinter survival or reproduction at individual and group levels. The results of this study showed that compared to shy gerbils, bold gerbils had a lower effort foraging strategy during the food hoarding season and exhibited lower overwinter survival, but bold–shy personality differences had no effect on overwinter reproduction. These findings suggest that the personality of the animal is a key factor that affects the foraging strategy during the food hoarding season in Mongolian gerbils. Personality may be related to energy states or the reaction to environmental change (e.g., predation risk, food availability) in bold or shy social animals. These results reflect animal life history trade-offs between "current versus future reproduction" and "reproduction versus self-maintenance", thereby helping Mongolian gerbils adapt to seasonal fluctuations in their living environment.</span></p>
Strength of sexual selection and sex roles vary between social groups in a coral reef cardinalfish
<p>The strength and direction of sexual selection can vary among populations. However, spatial variability is rarely explored at the level of the social group. Here we investigate sexual selection and sex roles in the paternally mouthbrooding, socially monogamous, and site-attached pajama cardinalfish, <em>Sphaeramia nematoptera</em>. Females were larger, more aggressive, and had a longer dorsal fin filament, indicating reversed sex roles. At the scale of social groups, we show the Bateman gradient and reproductive variance depending on the sex ratio and size of the groups. In small and medium-sized groups with balanced or male-biased sex ratios, Bateman gradients were steeper for females, whereas gradients were equally steep for both sexes in large groups or when the sex ratio was female-biased. For both sexes, reproductive variance increased with group size and with a higher male-to-female sex ratio. In <em>S. nematoptera</em>, mating opportunities outside the socially monogamous pair appear to impact sexual selection. We conclude that the strength and direction of sexual selection can be masked by social dynamics in group-living species when considering only population and large-scale demographic processes.</p>
CENTRINNO Dissemination - website and social media material
<p>The data bundle contains all supporting visual material for the website and all social media<br>publications deployment, including:<br>- Visual assets, photos, videos, social media posts, newsletters<br>- Pilot contact persons data</p>
Social interactions generate complex selection patterns in virtual worlds
<p>Understanding the influence of social interactions on individual fitness is key to improving our predictions of phenotypic evolution. However, we often overlook the different components of selection regimes arising from interactions among organisms, including social, correlational, and indirect selection. This is due to the challenging sampling efforts required in natural populations to measure phenotypes expressed during interactions and individual fitness. Furthermore, behaviours are crucial in mediating social interactions, yet few studies have explicitly quantified these selection components on behavioural traits. In this study, we capitalize on an online multiplayer videogame as a source of extensive data recording direct social interactions among prey, where prey collaborate to escape a predator in realistic ecological settings. We estimate natural and social selection and their contribution to total selection on behavioural traits mediating competition, cooperation, and predator-prey interactions. Behaviours of other prey in a group impact an individual's survival, and thus are under social selection. Depending on whether selection pressures on behaviours are synergistic or conflicting, social interactions enhance or mitigate the strength of natural selection, although natural selection remains the main driving force. Indirect selection through correlations among traits also contributed to the total selection. Thus, failing to account for the effects of social interactions and indirect selection would lead to a misestimation of the total selection acting on traits. Dissecting the contribution of each component to the total selection differential allowed us to investigate the causal mechanisms relating behaviour to fitness and quantify the importance of the behaviours of conspecifics as agents of selection. Our study emphasizes that social interactions generate complex selective regimes even in a relatively simple ecological environment.</p>
The Pontifical Bolivarian University and 2030 Agenda: Scientific production, access modalities, and social media impact.
<p><span>The 2030 Agenda and SDGs promote global resilience. Universities play a crucial role in their implementation through research and education. Recent studies analyze SDG-related scientific production, but evaluating the accessibility and social impacts of these results remains lacking. The article aims to analyze the intersection between SDGs, open access, and social impact of science, based on an analysis of PBU academic production in Colombia. A mixed-method approach is employed, combining quantitative and qualitative elements with scientometric techniques and data mining analysis, as well as big data from the perspective of Social Sciences. PBU scientific production analysis reveals increased research activity, with most publications available in open access. Thematic focuses such as health, sustainable development, and energy are highlighted. Thematic diversity reflects a multidisciplinary approach, but there is low production in key areas of sustainable development. Social media attention highlights topics like health, equality, and energy. Open access shows a strong correlation with online attention, emphasizing its importance in amplifying research impact. Although closed research also receives online attention, especially from academics. Greater focus is needed on inclusive publishing strategies and social media dissemination to address global challenges.</span></p>
Data from: Timing of egg-laying in relation to a female's social environment in European starlings
<p>It is widely assumed that female birds use non-photic supplemental cues, including social factors, to fine-tune timing of egg-laying to local conditions, but our knowledge of the nature of these social cues and how they operate remains limited. We analyzed the relationship between a female's social environment (nearest neighbor distances, residency, female -and- network familiarity, synchrony) and variation in timing of egg-laying in European starlings (<em>Sturnus vulgaris</em>) using individual, residual laying date (controlling for annual variation) and temperature-independent residual laying date (accounting for the effect of ambient temperature on laying date). Female social environment varied systematically with overall spatial distribution of nest-boxes (linear vs clumped boxes) but this was not associated with spatial variation in laying date or temperature-independent residual laying date. We found no evidence for any relationships between individual variation in social environment and individual, residual laying date and only weak evidence for any association with individual, temperature-independent residual laying date. The latter was associated with a) nearest neighbor distances in the linear habitat, with females nesting closer to neighbors laying earlier than predicted by temperature, but not in the two clumped habitats, and b) neighbor familiarity: females with an intermediate number of returning females (3/8) laid closest to the predicted date. Finally, despite the fact that synchrony was not associated with other social environment metrics, females with lower laying synchrony among neighbors laid earlier than predicted by temperature. This suggests that some components of the female-female social environment could act as supplemental cues for timing of egg-laying.</p>
Dataset used for the article Intergroup Ethnocentrism and Social Media: Evidence from three western Democracies
<p>This is the dataset, used for the paper <strong>Intergroup Ethnocentrism and Social Media: Evidence from three western Democracies</strong>, submitted to the Information, Communication & Society for review. This work was supported by an Audencia Foundation research grant Innovation and Stability.</p>
Resources for "BMF CP20: Cultural-historical knowledge, social skills, and school events for the young generation in the globalization era"
<p>The current study has two objectives:<br><br></p> <ol> <li>Examine whether discussions with parents about cultural-historical knowledge and social skills and participation in multicultural school events improve children’s and youth’s tolerance toward different viewpoints;</li> <li>Examine whether discussions with parents about cultural-historical knowledge and social skills and participation in multicultural school events improve children’s and youth’s general inclusiveness.</li> </ol>
DATASET AND CODES FOR THE PAPER "NUCLEAR WASTE IN MY BACKYARD: SOCIAL ACCEPTANCE AND ECONOMIC INCENTIVES"
<p>These are the codes and dataset used in the paper "Nuclear Waste in My Backyard: Social Acceptance and Economic Incentives", https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2023.113979.</p> <p>The structure of codes is explained in the README file. </p>
Data for publication: A food system transformation can enhance global health, environmental conditions and social inclusion
<p>Data related to the publication "A food system transformation can enhance global health, environmental conditions and social inclusion"</p>
Dataset: 'Protected Designations of Origin' (PDO) per NUTS-3 regions plus PDO-scores and social-ecological indicators (v2)
<p>The dataset contains the original research data belonging to the research article "EU-wide mapping of ‘Protected Designations of Origin’ food products (PDOs) reveals correlations with social-ecological landscape values" (Flinzberger et al. 2022: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-022-00778-4">https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-022-00778-4</a>).</p> <p>Based on the mapping of 638 food products registered within the EU as 'Protected Designation of Origin' (PDO), the first excel file <em>"EU28_all_PDO_products_per_NUTS3.xlsx"</em> shows the distribution of PDO-labeled products across the EU28 NUTS-3 regions. All NUTS-3 regions are listed once for each PDO product they contain (as by 30 June 2020).</p> <p>The second excel file <em>"PDO_scores_and_social_ecological_indicator_data.xlsx"</em> includes the accumulated numbers of PDOs per NUTS-3 region (called PDO score) as registered by 30 June 2020. The PDO score is presented for all food products combined, and for four major food categories separately. Further, the excel file contains all aggregated values of social-ecological indicators (including their sources), used for the correlation analysis between PDO scores and social-ecological characteristics in the above-mentioned article.</p> <p>Code explanations (meta data) can be found on the second sheet of each excel file.</p> <p>- - - </p> <p>second file updated to v2</p>
Dataset for "Geospatial analysis of toponyms in geotagged social media posts"
<h1>Geotagged Twitter posts dataset</h1> <p>Dataset used for the research presented in the following paper: Takayuki Hiraoka, Takashi Kirimura, Naoya Fujiwara (2024) "Geospatial analysis of toponyms in geo-tagged social media posts".</p> <p>We collected georeferenced Twitter posts tagged to coordinates inside the bounding box of Japan between 2012-2018. The present dataset represents the spatial distributions of all geotagged posts as well as posts containing in the text each of 24 domestic toponyms, 12 common nouns, and 6 foreign toponyms. The code used to analyze the data is available on <a href="https://github.com/takayukihir/geotagged-tweets" target="_blank" rel="noopener">GitHub</a>.</p> <h2>Data description</h2> <ul> <li><code>preprocessed_mcntlt7_selected/</code>: Number of geotagged twitter posts in each grid cell. Each csv file under this directory associates each grid cell (spanning 30 seconds of latitude and 45 secoonds of longitude, which is approximately a 1km x 1km square, specified by an 8 digit code <code>m3code</code>) with the number of geotagged tweets tagged to the coordinates inside that cell (<code>tweetcount</code>). <code>file_names.json</code> relates each of the toponyms studied in this work to the corresponding datafile (<code>all</code> denotes the full data). Note that these data files are modified from the v1.0.0 to exclude posts that contain seven or more mentions.</li> <li><code>population/population_center_2020.xlsx</code>: Center of population of each municipality based on the 2020 census. Derived from data published by the Statistics Bureau of Japan on <a href="https://www.stat.go.jp/data/kokusei/topics/topi135.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">their website</a> (Japanese)</li> <li><code>population/census2015mesh3_totalpop_setai_area.csv</code>: Resident population in each grid cell based on the 2015 census. Derived from data published by the Statistics Bureau of Japan on <a href="https://www.e-stat.go.jp/gis/statmap-search?page=1&type=1&toukeiCode=00200521&toukeiYear=2015&aggregateUnit=S&serveyId=S002005112015&statsId=T000846" target="_blank" rel="noopener">e-stat</a> (Japanese)</li> <li><code>population/economiccensus2016mesh3_jigyosyo_jugyosya_area.csv</code>: Employed population in each grid cell based on the 2016 Economic Census. Derived from data published by the Statistics Bureau of Japan on <a href="https://www.e-stat.go.jp/gis/statmap-search?page=1&type=1&toukeiCode=00200553&toukeiYear=2016&aggregateUnit=S&serveyId=S002005112016&statsId=T000917" target="_blank" rel="noopener">e-stat</a> (Japanese)</li> <li><code>japan_MetropolitanEmploymentArea2015map/</code>: Shape file for the boundaries of Metropolitan Employment Areas (MEA) in Japan. See <a href="https://www.csis.u-tokyo.ac.jp/UEA/index_e.htm" target="_blank" rel="noopener">this website</a> for details of MEA.</li> <li><code>ward_shapefiles/</code>: Shape files for the boundaries of wards in large cities, published by the Statistics Bureau of Japan on <a href="https://www.e-stat.go.jp/gis/statmap-search?page=1&type=2&aggregateUnitForBoundary=A&toukeiCode=00200553&toukeiYear=2016&serveyId=A002005532016&coordsys=1&format=shape&datum=2011" target="_blank" rel="noopener">e-stat</a></li> </ul>
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.