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1,186 results for “defensiveness”
IL-33 controls IL-22-dependent antibacterial defense by modulating the microbiota.
GEO Series GSE236344. Mus musculus. 80 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing; Other.
T cell-derived IL-22 directs mature colonocyte fate and upregulates host defense genes during Citrobacter rodentium infection.
GEO Series GSE227331. Mus musculus. 6 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Piezo1 initiates host immune defense against pathogenic fungi through mechanosensory recognition of Candida albicans hyphae
GEO Series GSE293094. Mus musculus. 12 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Tracing functional (epi)genomic imprints and their evolutionary origins in human defense antiviral cellular response
GEO Series GSE229445. Homo sapiens; Mus musculus. 156 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing; Genome binding/occupancy profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Drosophila attack inhibits hyphal regeneration and defense mechanisms activation for the fungus Trichoderma atroviride
GEO Series GSE152652. Trichoderma atroviride. 42 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
MyD88-mediated signaling in intestinal fibroblasts regulates macrophage antimicrobial defense and prevents dysbiosis in the gut II
GEO Series GSE291180. Mus musculus. 12 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor senses bacterial pigmented virulence factors and orchestrates anti-bacterial defenses (part 1)
GEO Series GSE48130. Mus musculus. 8 samples. Type: Expression profiling by array.
IL-17 activates dermal reticular fibroblasts to promote neutrophil recruitment and host defense [RNAseq]
GEO Series GSE230511. Mus musculus; Homo sapiens. 23 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Supplementary Figures for the "Quantification of defensive proteins in skin mucus of Atlantic salmon using minimally-invasive sampling and high-sensitivity ELISA" manuscript.
<p><strong>Supplementary Figure 1</strong>. Scatter plots, including Kendall’s rank correlation analyses of <em>A. salmonicida</em>-specific IgM-A OD values between skin mucus samples collected by absorption, wiping and scraping, in a pairwise fashion from the same fish: (A) wiped versus scraped, (B) absorbed versus scraped, and (C) wiped versus absorbed. The Kendall τ and P values are shown.</p> <p><strong>Supplementary Figure 2</strong>. Specific immune responses against ALPHA JECT vaccination in absorbed gill mucus and serum. from Atlantic salmon. (A) Shows the percentage of responder fish to vaccination based on ECAS-CIA positive signals for antigen-specific IgM-A in absorbed gill mucus and serum (D2; n = 28) against both <em>A. salmonicida</em>- and <em>V. salmonicida</em>. (B) Shows Kendall’s rank correlation analyses between the <em>A. salmonicida</em>- or <em>V. salmonicida</em>-specific IgM-A OD values (450 nm) in absorbed gill mucus samples, and the corresponding values in serum samples (D2; n = 28). The Kendall τ and P values are shown.</p>
Inherited predation defense strategies in planthopper: Implications for biocontrol and ecosystem evolution
<p class="a"><span>Predators can induce morphological plasticity in prey through selection driven by predation risk. However, defense plasticity is rarely reported in insects, let alone trans-generational plasticity and attention of such plasticity devoted to pest control and ecosystem evolution. Here we examined the morphological plasticity of small brown planthoppers (SBPHs), <i>Laodelphax striatellus</i>, in the parent or F1 generations when exposed to predation risk of a caged predator, <i>Paederus fuscipes</i>. We also uncovered the survival outcomes (fitness gained) in SBPHs with predator-induced defensive morphological traits by examining their survival probability and behavioral plasticity. Results showed risky predators could enhance a higher proportion of long-winged, female SBPHs in the parent and F1 generation, but the proportion of males neither short- nor long- winged forms were affected, probably because females suffered greater mortality than males during the longer periods of predation risk. Surprisingly, we discovered these long-winged forms had a higher survival probability when attacked by <i>P. fuscipes, </i>owing to an enhanced agility level. Our results suggest the within- and trans-generational plasticity of induced defenses may cause profound effects on SBPH population dynamics and prey-predator interaction. Understanding this interaction may illuminate the context of ecosystem evolution, help to predict pest dispersal or migration, which contributes to pest control.</span></p>
Data from: Quantifying the coevolutionary potential of multistep immune defenses
Coevolutionary models often assume host infection by parasites depends on a single bout of molecular recognition. As detailed immunological studies accumulate, however, it becomes increasingly apparent that the outcome of host-parasite interactions more generally depends on complex multiple step infection processes. For example, in plant and animal innate immunity, recognition steps are followed by downstream effector steps that kill recognized parasites, with the outcome depending on an escalatory molecular arms race. Here, we explore the consequences of such multi-step infection processes for coevolution using a genetically explicit model. Model analyses reveal that polymorphism is much greater at recognition loci than effector loci, that host-genotype by parasite-genotype (Gh x Gp) interactions are larger for the recognition step, and that the recognition step contributes more to local adaptation than the effector step. These results suggest that (1) local adaptation is more likely when fitness measures are related to recognition versus downstream effectors, (2) effector loci, while mechanistically important, are less likely to harbor the Gh x Gp variation that fuels coevolution, and (3) recognition loci are better candidates for genomic hotspots of coevolution.
Data from: Plant defenses interact with insect enteric bacteria by initiating a leaky gut syndrome
Plants produce suites of defenses that can collectively deter and reduce herbivory. Many defenses target the insect digestive system, with some altering the protective peritrophic matrix (PM) and causing increased permeability. The PM is responsible for multiple digestive functions, including reducing infections from potential pathogenic microbes. In our study, we developed axenic and gnotobiotic methods for fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) and tested how particular members present in the gut community influence interactions with plant defenses that can alter PM permeability. We observed interactions between gut bacteria with plant resistance. Axenic insects grew more, but displayed lower immune-based responses compared to those possessing Enterococcus, Klebsiella, and Enterobacter isolates from field-collected larvae. While gut bacteria reduced performance of larvae fed on plants, none of the isolates produced mortality when injected directly into the hemocoel. Our results strongly suggest that plant physical and chemical defenses not only act directly upon the insect, but also have some interplay with the herbivore's microbiome. Combined direct and indirect, microbe-mediated assaults by maize defenses on the fall armyworm on the insect digestive and immune system reduced growth and elevated mortality in these insects. These results imply that plant-insect interactions should be considered in the context of potential mediation by the insect gut microbiome.
Tail autotomy works as a pre-capture defense by deflecting attacks
<p>Caudal autotomy is a dramatic antipredator adaptation where prey shed their tail in order to escape capture by a predator. The mechanism underlying the effectiveness of caudal autotomy as a pre-capture defense has not been thoroughly investigated. We tested two non-exclusive hypotheses, that caudal autotomy works by providing the predator with a 'consolation prize' that makes it break off the hunt to consume the shed tail, and the deflection hypothesis, where the autotomy event directs predator attacks to the autotomized tail enabling prey escape. Our experiment utilized domestic dogs Canis familiaris as model predator engaged to chase a snake-like stimulus with a detachable tail. The tail was manipulated to vary in length (long vs. short) and conspicuousness (green vs. blue), with the prediction that dog attacks on the tail should increase with length under the consolation prize hypothesis, and conspicuous color under the deflection hypothesis. The tail was attacked on 35% of trials, supporting the potential for pre-capture autotomy to offer anti-predator benefits. Dogs were attracted to the tail when it was conspicuously colored, but not when it was longer. This supports the idea that deflection of predator attacks through visual effects is the prime antipredator mechanism underlying the effectiveness of caudal autotomy as opposed to provision of a consolation prize meal.</p>
Fig 9 from: Fargeaud K, Gardiner T (2018) The response of Orthoptera to grazing on flood defense embankments in Europe. Journal of Orthoptera Research 27(1): 53-60. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.27.25183
Fig 9 Undisturbed grassland on a sea wall folding; credit T. Gardiner.
Fig 6 from: Fargeaud K, Gardiner T (2018) The response of Orthoptera to grazing on flood defense embankments in Europe. Journal of Orthoptera Research 27(1): 53-60. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.27.25183
Fig 6 Horse grazed area (left) vs. ungrazed area (right); credit T. Gardiner.
Fig 8 from: Fargeaud K, Gardiner T (2018) The response of Orthoptera to grazing on flood defense embankments in Europe. Journal of Orthoptera Research 27(1): 53-60. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.27.25183
Fig 8 Sheep-grazed area (left) vs. undisturbed area (right); credit T. Gardiner.
Fig 5 from: Fargeaud K, Gardiner T (2018) The response of Orthoptera to grazing on flood defense embankments in Europe. Journal of Orthoptera Research 27(1): 53-60. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.27.25183
Fig 5 Post-grazing cattle damage; credit T. Gardiner.
Fig 2 from: Fargeaud K, Gardiner T (2018) The response of Orthoptera to grazing on flood defense embankments in Europe. Journal of Orthoptera Research 27(1): 53-60. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.27.25183
Fig 2 Sheep grazed sea wall with a homogeneous, short sward; credit T. Gardiner.
Fig 1 from: Fargeaud K, Gardiner T (2018) The response of Orthoptera to grazing on flood defense embankments in Europe. Journal of Orthoptera Research 27(1): 53-60. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.27.25183
Fig 1 The typical composition of a sea wall (Brightlingsea, Essex); credit K. Fargeaud.
SMILE (Small Incision Lenticule Extraction) in the DoD (Department of Defense)
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04072289. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.