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Figure 1 in Taxonomy and trans-Beringian biogeography of the pond snails (Gastropoda: Lymnaeidae) of East Asia: an integrative view

Figure 1. Species richness and distribution of pond snails (Lymnaeidae) on the eastern margin of Asia and Alaska. A, regional zonation of East Asia and Alaska based on the distribution of Lymnaeidae. The numbers in white circles indicate the number of species in corresponding regions. B, scatter plot of principal component (PC) analysis based on the presence–absence dataset of pond snails (Lymnaeidae) throughout regions of East Asia and Beringia. Distribution areas: ALA, Alaska; AMU, Amur River basin and Primorye; CHU, Chukchi Peninsula; HON, Honshu; HOK, Hokkaido; ḎM, Kamchatka Peninsula; KOL, Kolyma Highlands; KOR, Korean Peninsula; KUR, Kurile Archipelago; OKH, Okhotsk Sea Coast; SAK, Sakhalin Island. The data on pond snail occurrences are presented in Table 3. PC1 and component PC2 accounted for 38.8% and 21.1% of the total variance, respectively. The map was created using ESRI ARCGIS v.10 software (www.esri.com/arcgis).

Figure 5 in Taxonomy and trans-Beringian biogeography of the pond snails (Gastropoda: Lymnaeidae) of East Asia: an integrative view

Figure 5. Shells of the Amphipepleinae species. A, Radix auricularia (Russia, Khabarovsk City, a pond in the city park; LMBI). B, Radix coreana syn. nov., a syntype (ZMB; after Vinarski 2016). C, Radix cf. hamadai (Japan, Hokkaido, Matsumae; LMBI). D, Radix japonica (Japan, Yeddo; SMF). E, R. japonica (Japan, Yokohama; SMF). F, R. japonica (original drawing after Jay 1857). G, Radix onychia (Japan, Lake Biwa, southern shore near Otsu; ZIN). H, Orientogalba ollula (Russia, Primorye Territory, near Possiet Settlement; ZIN). I, Radix plicatula [Taiwan (= 'Formosa'); MNHN]. J, Radix plicatula [East China ('Manchouria, Port-Artur'); MNHN]. K, Kamtschaticana kamtschatica, the lectotype (ZIN). L, K. kamtschatica (Russia, Kamchatka, the Valley of Geysers). M, Kamtschaticana sp.1 (Russia, Kamchatka Peninsula, Lake Azabachye). Scale bars: 1 mm in K; 2 mm in G, H, L, M; 5 mm in A–E, I, J; not given in the original drawing in F. Photographs: Maxim V. Vinarski (A–E, G–J), Tatiana Ya. Sitnikova (K), and Olga V. Aksenova (L, M).

Figure 4 in Taxonomy and trans-Beringian biogeography of the pond snails (Gastropoda: Lymnaeidae) of East Asia: an integrative view

Figure 4. The copulatory apparatuses of the pond snails discussed in the taxonomic account. A, Dallirhytis atkaensis (Russia, the Chukchi Peninsula, Lake Vaaliuchio). B, Galba sibirica (Mongolia, the Teellin-gol River; after Vinarski et al. 2017b). C, Galba truncatula (Abkhazia, Gagra District, wet shore of Inkit Lake; after Vinarski et al. 2017b). D, Ladislavella liogyra (Russia, Primorye, a pool near Lake Lebedinoye). E, Walhiana catascopium (Russia, Kamchatka, Azabachye Lake; RMBH). F, Lymnaea sorensis (Russia, Kamchatka, Kamchatka River; RMBH). G, Kamtschaticana kamtschatica (Russia, Magadan Region, a water reservoir; after Vinarski et al. 2021). H, Orientogalba ollula (Russia, Primorye Territory, near Possiet Settlement; after Kruglov 2005). I, Radix auricularia (Russia, Tyumen' Region, Vylposl channel near Labytnangi Town). J, Radix plicatula (China, Bejing, an artificial pond in the former Emperor's summer palace; after Vinarski et al. 2020). K, Radix cf. hamadai (Japan, Matsumae; after Vinarski et al. 2020). Scale bars: 1 mm. Photographs: Maxim V. Vinarski (A–D, G, I–K) and Olga V. Aksenova (E, F).

Figure 3 in Taxonomy and trans-Beringian biogeography of the pond snails (Gastropoda: Lymnaeidae) of East Asia: an integrative view

Figure 3. Shells of the Lymnaeinae species. A, Dallirhytis atkaensis (USA, Alaska, Birch Lake; RMBH). B, Dallirhytis atkaensis (Russia, the Chukchi Peninsula, an unnamed lake; ZIN). C, Galba sibirica (Mongolia, the Teellin-gol River; after Vinarski et al. 2017b). D, Galba truncatula (Russia, Irkutsk Region, vicinities of Kirensk Town; LMBI). E, Ladislavella liogyra (Russia, Amur basin, vicinities of Nikol'sk-Ussuriysky Town; ZIN). F, Walhiana arctica (Canada, Ontario, Hudson's Bay; NHMUK). G, Walhiana catascopium (Canada, British Columbia, Aintworth hot springs; RMBH). H, Walhiana catascopium (Russia, Kamchatka, Azabachye Lake; RMBH). I, Lymnaea jugularis (USA, Michigan, the Rouge River; NHMUK). J, Lymnaea sorensis (Russia, Lake Baikal, a syntype; ZIN). K, Lymnaea jugularis (USA, Minnesota, a neotype with label; ZIN). Scale bars: 2 mm in C, D, F–H; 5 mm in A, B, E, I–K. Photographs: Maxim V. Vinarski (A–F, I–K) and Olga V. Aksenova (G, H).

Figure 7 in Taxonomy and trans-Beringian biogeography of the pond snails (Gastropoda: Lymnaeidae) of East Asia: an integrative view

Figure 7. Copulatory apparatuses of the three lymnaeid species described here as new to science. A, Galba pacifica, a paratype (RMBH, no. MLym-1113/4, Naie Stream), soft body and the copulatory apparatus. B, Kamtschaticana nipponica, a paratype (RMBH, no. MLym1115/1), soft body. C, Orientogalba hokkaidoensis, a paratype (RMBH, no. MLym-1114/2), soft body, female part of the reproductive system and the copulatory apparatus. Scale bars: 1 mm (copulatory apparatuses and female reproductive system) and 5 mm (soft bodies). Photographs: Olga V. Aksenova.

Table 3 in Taxonomy and trans-Beringian biogeography of the pond snails (Gastropoda: Lymnaeidae) of East Asia: an integrative view

Table 3. Species richness of the native pond snails (Lymnaeidae) in the East Asia and Alaska.<table><tbody><tr><th>Species</th><th>HON</th><th>HOK</th><th>KOR</th><th>AMU</th><th>SAK</th><th>KUR</th><th>KAM</th><th>KOL</th><th>OKH</th><th>CHU</th><th>ALA</th></tr><tr><th>Subfamily Lymnaeinae Rafinesque, 1815</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>Dallirhytis atkaensis (Dall, 1884)</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><th>Galba pacifica</th><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>Walhiana arctica (Lea, 1864) comb. nov.</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><th>Walhiana catascopium (Say, 1817) comb. nov.</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><th>Ladislavella liogyra (Westerlund, 1897)</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>Lymnaea sorensis B. Dybowski, 1912</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>Subfamily Amphipepleinae Pini, 1877</th></tr><tr><th>Kamtschaticana kamtschatica (Middendorff, 1850)</th><td></td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><th>Kamtschaticana nipponica</th><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>Kamtschaticana sp.1 (possible undescribed species)</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>Orientogalba hokkaidoensis</th><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>Orientogalba ollula (Gould, 1859)</th><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>Radix auricularia (Linnaeus, 1758)</th><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><th>Radix onychia (Westerlund, 1883)</th><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>Radix plicatula (Benson, 1842)</th><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>Total</th><td>5</td><td>6</td><td>3</td><td>5</td><td>4</td><td>2</td><td>6</td><td>3</td><td>2</td><td>4</td><td>5</td></tr><tr><th>Lymnaeinae vs. Amphipepleinae</th><td>0/5</td><td>1/5</td><td>0/3</td><td>1/4</td><td>2/2</td><td>1/1</td><td>3/3</td><td>1/2</td><td>0/2</td><td>2/2</td><td>3/2</td></tr></tbody></table>An empty cell indicates the absence of the species in a given area.Distribution areas:ALA, Alaska;AMU,Amur River basin and Primorye;CHU,Chukchi Peninsula; HOK,Hokkaido; HON, Honshu;ḎM, Kamchatka Peninsula;KOL, Kolyma Highlands; KOR,Korean Peninsula; KUR,Kurile Archipelago; OKH, Okhotsk Sea Coast;SAK,Sakhalin Island.

Table 2 in Taxonomy and trans-Beringian biogeography of the pond snails (Gastropoda: Lymnaeidae) of East Asia: an integrative view

Table 2. Taxonomic review of the pond snails (Lymnaeidae) from East Asia and Alaska.<table><tbody><tr><th>Genus</th><th>Species</th><th>Type locality</th><th>Distribution</th></tr><tr><th>Subfamily Lymnaeinae Rafinesque, 1815</th></tr><tr><th>Tribe Lymnaeinae incertae sedis</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>Dallirhytis Kruglov & Starobogatov, 1989 stat. rev.</th><td>Dallirhytis atkaensis (Dall, 1884)</td><td>USA: Aleutian Islands (Dall 1884)</td><td>Russia: Chukchi Peninsula; Canada; and USA: Alaska and Aleutian Islands</td></tr><tr><th>Galba Schrank, 1803</th><td>Galba pacifica</td><td>Japan: Hokkaido Prefecture, Biei Town, the Ishikari River system, a ditch near the Rubeshibe Stream, 43.520331°N, 142.372452°E</td><td>Japan: Hokkaido; Russia: Sakhalin Island and Kurile Archipelago, and Kamchatka</td></tr><tr><td>Galba humilis a (Say, 1822)</td><td>USA: South Carolina, without a precise locality (Say 1822)</td><td>North America, including the USA, Canada, and Mexico; Japan: Honshu (non-native) (Saito 2022)</td></tr><tr><td>Galba schirazensis a (Küster, 1862)</td><td>‘Schiras in Persien’ (Iran: Schiras, approximately 29.5971°N, 52.5834°E) (Küster 1862)</td><td>Japan: Hokkaido (non-native); Iran, Egypt, Reunion, Spain, Dominican Republic, Mexico, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, and Peru (Lounnas et al. 2018, Ohari et al. 2020)</td></tr><tr><th>Walhiana Servain, 1882 = Walterlymnaea Starobogatov & Budnikova, 1976 syn. nov.</th><td>Walhiana catascopium (Say, 1817) comb. nov.</td><td>‘The Delaware river and many other waters of the United States’ (Say 1817b)</td><td>Russia: Kamchatka; Canada; USA (including Alaska); and Greenland</td></tr><tr><td>Walhiana arctica (Lea, 1864) comb. nov.</td><td>Canada: Ontario, Moose River of Hudson’s Bay</td><td>USA: Alaska; Northern Canada eastwards to Newfoundland (Burch 1989)</td></tr><tr><th>Ladislavella B. Dybowski, 1913</th><td>Ladislavella liogyra (Westerlund, 1897)</td><td>‘Sibirien, Sud-Ussuri-Gebiet, Dorf Griqorjewskoje’ (Russia: southern part of the Ussuri Region, Grigoryevskoye village, approximately 44.16°N, 132.00°E) (Westerlund 1897)</td><td>Russia: Ussuri River basin, Primorye, and Sakhalin Island</td></tr><tr><th>Pseudosuccinea Baker, 1908</th><td>Pseudosuccinea columella a (Say, 1817)</td><td>‘Stagnant waters and miry places [of North America]’ (Say 1817b)</td><td>North America; as a non-indigenous species is widely distributed over tropics and subtropics, including Japan</td></tr><tr><th>Tribe Lymnaeini Rafinesque, 1815</th></tr><tr><th>Lymnaea Lamarck, 1799</th><td>Lymnaea sorensis B. Dybowski, 1912</td><td>Russia: ‘Lake Baikal, Bolshoy Sor Bay’ (Dybowski 1912)</td><td>Widespread throughout North Asia: Western Siberia: Tyumen Region; Eastern Siberia: Altai Mountains, Lake Baikal, Yakutia; Mongolia; northern China: Xinjiang, and Kamchatka</td></tr><tr><th>Subfamily Amphipepleinae Pini, 1877</th></tr><tr><th>Tribe Peregrianini Bolotov, Vinarski & Aksenova, 2023</th></tr><tr><th>Kamtschaticana Kruglov & Starobogatov, 1984</th><td>Kamtschaticana kamtschatica (Middendorff, 1850)</td><td>‘Kamtschatka’ (Middendorff 1850); ‘See Kainytschin, ohnfern Nishne-Kamtschatsk’ (Russia: Kamchatka, a lake near the former Nizhne-Kamchatsk village, approximately 56.3819°N, 161.1570°E) (Middendorff, 1851)</td><td>Widespread throughout North Asia: Eastern Siberia and Russian Far East from Lake Baikal through the Amur River basin to Kamchatka, Magadan Region, and Chukotka Peninsula; several times mentioned for Alaska</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Kamtschaticana nipponica = Radix sp. Ra-c2 Ohari et al., 2020</td><td>Japan: Hokkaido Prefecture, Sarabetsu village, the Tokachi River system, Itarataraki Stream, 42.627161°N, 143.265175°E</td><td>Japan: Hokkaido</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Kamtschaticana sp.1 (possible undescribed species)</td><td>not available</td><td>Russian Far East: Kamchatka and Sakhalin Island</td></tr><tr><th>Tribe Austropepleini Bolotov, Vinarski & Aksenova, 2023</th></tr><tr><th>Orientogalba Kruglov & Starobogatov, 1985</th><td>Orientogalba hokkaidoensis</td><td>Japan: Hokkaido Prefecture, Hokuto City, a ditch near the Hikirichi Stream, 41.842808°N, 140.634441°E</td><td>Japan: Hokkaido and Honshu</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Orientogalba ollula (Gould, 1859)</td><td>Streams and marshes on Hong Kong Island (Gould 1859)</td><td>East Asia: Korea, Japan (Hokkaido and Honshu); Central Asia: Uzbekistan; South Asia: Nepal; and China: Tibet and Hong Kong</td></tr><tr><th>Tribe Radicini Vinarski, 2013</th></tr><tr><th>Radix Montfort, 1810</th><td>Radix auricularia (Linnaeus, 1758) Europe (Vinarski and Kantor 2016)</td><td>Europe (Vinarski and Kantor 2016)</td><td>Widespread throughout Northern Eurasia, Kurile Archipelago, Sakhalin Island, Japan, Alaska and West Canada (British Columbia)</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Radix onychia (Westerlund, 1883</td><td>‘Japan, ad litora lacus Biva’ (Japan: shores of Lake Biwa) (Westerlund 1883)</td><td>Japan: Honshu (endemic to Lake Biwa)</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Radix plicatula (Benson, 1842) = Radix coreana (Martens, 1886) syn. nov.; Type locality: ‘Changjin, Prov. Hamgyöngdo, Korea’ (North Korea: South Hamgyŏng Province, Changjin County) (Martens 1886);</td><td>‘Ponds’ (China: Zhoushan Island, approximately 30.0578°N, 122.1381°E) (Vinarski et al. 2020)</td><td>East Asia: Amur Basin, Korea, and Japan: islands of Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu, Shikoku, and Okinawa; Southeast Asia: Vietnam, South China: Yunnan, Taiwan, Hong Kong; Eastern China: Jiangsu, Hebei; Northern</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>= Radix sp. Ra-03 (Ohari et al., 2020)</td><td></td><td>China: Xinjiang; and Eastern Tibet: Gansu</td></tr><tr><th>Probable synonyms:</th></tr><tr><th></th><td>= Radix japonica (Jay, 1857); Type locality: Simoda (Japan: Honshu, Simoda, approximately 34.6795°N, 138.9453°E) (Jay 1857)</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td>= Radix hamadai Habe, 1968; Type locality: ‘Kobaru, Takeda City, Oita Pref., Kyushu’ (Japan: Kyushu, &Omacr;ita Prefecture, Taketa, Kobaru, approximately 32.8738°N, 131.3581°E) (Habe 1968)</td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>aNon-native species.

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FIGURE 8 in Integrative taxonomy reveals a new but common Neotropical treefrog, hidden under the name Boana xerophylla

FIGURE 8. Species of the Boana faber species group in life. Note the difference in coloration, skin texture, supratympanic fold, calcar, tarsal fringe, and hand webbing. (A) Boana albomaginata; (B) B. faber; (C) B. pardalis; (D) B. exastis; (E) B. lundii; (F) B. rosenbergi; (G) B. pugnax; (H) B. crepitans; (I) B. xerophylla; and (J) B. platanera sp. nov. Photographs are not at the same scale. Photos: (A, B, J) Fernando J. M. Rojas-Runjaic; (C, E) Mario Sacramento; (D) Mauro Texeira Jr.; (F) Santiago Ron (Anfibios del Ecuador); (G) Iván Mendoza; (H) Omar Padilla; (I) Santiago Castroviejo-Fisher.

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FIGURE 6 in Integrative taxonomy reveals a new but common Neotropical treefrog, hidden under the name Boana xerophylla

FIGURE 6. Specimens of Boana platanera sp. nov. in life. Note the variation in coloration at night (A–D, G, H), the difference of the coloration during the day (E), and the coloration of a juvenile at night (F). All the specimens from Venezuela: (A, B) adult male not collected from Sabaneta sector, El Hatillo, Miranda state; (C) adult male from Río Cata, Aragua state; (D) adult male from Parque Minas de Aroa, Yaracuy state; (E) adult male from Ipika, Sierra de Perijá, Zulia state; (F) juvenile not collected, sex unknown, from Posada Ecológica Casa María, altos de Canoabo, Carabobo state; (G) adult male calling from Laguna de Caparú, Mérida state; (H) adult male calling from Posada Ecológica Casa María, altos de Canoabo, Carabobo state (not collected). The photos are not to the same scale. Photos: (A–C) Fernando J. M. Rojas-Runjaic; (D) Iván Mendoza; (E) Edwin Infante; (F, H) Celsa Señaris; (G) Moisés Escalona.

FIGURE 9 in Integrative taxonomy base on morphology and molecular phylogeny with description of a new genus, Progoniogryllus gen. nov. and two new species (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Gryllidae; Gryllinae)

FIGURE 9. Heads of Progoniogryllus. A–B. P. directus sp. nov. A. female; B. male; C–D. P. rotundus sp. nov. C. female; D. male.

FIGURE 4 in Integrative taxonomy base on morphology and molecular phylogeny with description of a new genus, Progoniogryllus gen. nov. and two new species (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Gryllidae; Gryllinae)

FIGURE 4. Ovipositor of Progoniogryllus species. A, B. Inside of ovipositor apex in lateral view; C. D. Outside of ovipositor apex in lateral view; A, C. P. directus sp. nov.; B, D. P. rotundus sp. nov.

FIGURE 1 in Integrative taxonomy base on morphology and molecular phylogeny with description of a new genus, Progoniogryllus gen. nov. and two new species (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Gryllidae; Gryllinae)

FIGURE 1. Living species of Progoniogryllus. A–D. P. rotundus sp. nov. A. male habitus; B. spermatophore of male; C. female habitus; D. a female eating spermatophore. E–F. P. directus sp. nov. E. male habitus; F. female habitus.

FIGURE 2 in Integrative taxonomy base on morphology and molecular phylogeny with description of a new genus, Progoniogryllus gen. nov. and two new species (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Gryllidae; Gryllinae)

FIGURE 2. The phylogenetic relationship among Gryllinae species, obtained by Maximum likelihood inference. Outgroups are Gryllotalpa sp_Moz, Gryllotalpa africana and Gryllotalpa sp_PNG. Abbreviations: Van (Vanuatu, Espiritu Santo), Moz (Mozambique Yemen, Socotra), PNG (PNG, Mt Wilhelm), NC (New Caledonia), India (India, Kerala).

FIGURE 7 in Integrative taxonomy base on morphology and molecular phylogeny with description of a new genus, Progoniogryllus gen. nov. and two new species (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Gryllidae; Gryllinae)

FIGURE 7. Bodies of P. directus sp. nov. A. male with reduced hindwings; B. male with hindwings; C. brachypterous female; D. macropterous female. Scale bar: 10 mm

opennotspecifiedFeb 2018View details →

Figure 2 in Integrative taxonomy at the nexus of population divergence and speciation in insular speckled rattlesnakes

Figure 2. Maximum likelihood phylogram constructed from three concatenated mitochondrial gene fragments (ATP, cyt-b and 16S). Nodal support values are posterior probabilities from a partitioned Bayesian analysis. Populations or species discussed in the text are indicated with vertical bars.

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Figure 5 in Integrative taxonomy at the nexus of population divergence and speciation in insular speckled rattlesnakes

Figure 5. Type localities and specimens photographed in situ for new species described herein. Piojo Island in foreground with Angel de la Guarda Island in the distance (upper left); western slope of Cabeza de Caballo Island in foreground with Ventana Island and peninsular mainland in the distance (upper right); paratype of C. thalassoporus (UTA R-59767) basking on a rock outcrop in the intertidal zone (lower left); holotype of C. polisi (MZFC-6248) coiled among boulders near the crest of the island (lower right).

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Figure 16 in Lifting the blue-headed veil - integrative taxonomy of the Acanthocercus atricollis species complex (Squamata: Agamidae)

Figure 16. Distribution of Acanthocercus kiwuensis and A. ugandaensis. The numbers refer to the specific localities.

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Figure 13 in Lifting the blue-headed veil - integrative taxonomy of the Acanthocercus atricollis species complex (Squamata: Agamidae)

Figure 13. (a) Lectotype (BMNH 1946.8.28.67) of Acanthocercus gregorii, from Mkonumbi, Kenya. (b) Holotype (SMF 10138) of Acanthocercus atricollis loveridgei, from 'Kakoma, O-Afrika' [=Tanzania], East Africa.

opennotspecifiedFeb 2018View details →

Figure 1 in Integrative taxonomy at the nexus of population divergence and speciation in insular speckled rattlesnakes

Figure 1. Distribution of species of the speckled rattlesnake (Crotalus mitchellii) species complex in western North America. Symbols represent sampling locations and indicate species and populations recognised in this publication.