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FIGURE 3 in Revision of the Recent Alvania scabra (Philippi, 1844) complex (Mollusca, Gastropoda Rissoidae) from the Mediterranean Sea with the description of a new species
FIGURE 3. Distribution of Alvania scabra (Philippi, 1844), based on the material examined and checked literature data. Red dots, Recent records; blue dot, fossil records.
Data from: Heritable variation in root secondary metabolites is associated with recent climate
<p>1. Plants can adapt to changing environments by adjusting the production and maintenance of diverse sets of bioactive secondary metabolites. To date, the impact of climatic conditions relative to other factors such as soil abiotic factors and herbivore pressure on the evolution of plant secondary metabolites is poorly understood, especially for plant roots.</p> <p>2. We explored associations between root latex secondary metabolites in 63 Taraxacum officinale populations across Switzerland and climatic conditions, soil abiotic parameters, root herbivore pressure and cytotype distribution. To assess the contribution of environmental effects, root secondary metabolites were measured in F0 plants in nature and F2 plants under controlled greenhouse conditions.</p> <p>3. Concentrations of root latex secondary metabolites were most strongly associated with climatic conditions, while current soil abiotic factors or root herbivore pressure did not show a clear association with root latex chemistry. Results were similar for natural and controlled conditions, suggesting heritable variation rather than environmental plasticity as underlying factor.</p> <p>4. Synthesis. We conclude that climatic conditions likely play a major role in the evolution of root secondary metabolites. These results may hint at a novel role of root latex metabolites in tolerance of abiotic stress.</p>
The case of a southern European glacier disappearing under recent warming that survived Roman and Medieval warm periods
<p>We upload there the dataset needed to build up the chronological model of the ice core presented in the discussion paper <a href="https://www.the-cryosphere-discuss.net/tc-2020-107/">"The case of a southern European glacier disappearing under recent warming that survived Roman and Medieval warm periods" </a>.</p> <p>The readme pdf file presents the methods to create such an age-depth model using the package CLAM v2.2 (Blaauw, 2010) and the settings chose to run it.</p>
FIGURE 1 in Recent collections of sea spiders (Arthropoda: Pycnogonida) from China seas, with some new records and a checklist of the area
FIGURE 1. Sampled location of this study. ▲—Ascorhynchus ramipes (Böhm, 1879); ◆—Paranymphon spinosum Caullery 1896; ╋—Propallene sp.; ●—Ammothea hilgendorfi (Böhm, 1879); █—Anoplodactylus eroticus Stock, 1968;▼—Propallene species indet.
FIGURE 3. Anoplodactylus eroticus Stock, 1968 in Recent collections of sea spiders (Arthropoda: Pycnogonida) from China seas, with some new records and a checklist of the area
FIGURE 3. Anoplodactylus eroticus Stock, 1968 (P18–B0911SL6–01) male, a. trunk, dorsal view; b. trunk, lateral view; c. trunk, ventral view; d. ventrally spurs on the second coxae of leg 2 and 3; e. tarsus, propodus and claw of leg 2, arrows indicating the sole spines; f. tarsus, propodus and claw of leg 3, arrows indicating the sole spines. Scale bars a, b=1 mm, c, d =0.5 mm, e, f=0.2 mm.
FIG. 2 in Recent surveys of bats from the Andaman Islands, India: diversity, distribution, and echolocation characteristics
FIG. 2. Representative spectrograms of calls of echolocating bats of Andaman Islands, India. Calls analysed in BatSound. Acronyms: R. a. — Rhinolophus andamanensis, R. c. — R. cognatus, H. p. — Hipposideros pomona, T. m. — Taphozous melanopogon, M. s. — Megaderma spasma, P. j. c. — Pipistrellus javanicus camortae, P. c. — P. coromandra, M. h. d. — Myotis horsfieldii dryas
FIG. 1 in A recent inventory of the bats of Mozambique with documentation of seven new species for the country
FIG. 1. Map of Mozambique showing the sites at which bats were captured during this study (2005–2009). The sampling sites are overlaid on a digital elevation model (altitude in metres). The boundaries of the three biogeographic zones (following Parker, 1999) are represented by the two black lines. The southern line follows the Save River, whereas the northern line follows the Zambezi
FIG. 2 in Recent surveys of bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) from China. I. Rhinolophidae and Hipposideridae
FIG. 2. Representative echolocation calls of bats in the family Rhinolophidae captured from China during our surveys (except Rhinolophus stheno for which sound files were unavailable). See text for data on intraspecific variation. Recordings are from time expanded sequences of handheld bats with FFT size 1024 Hz, Hanning window. The species are arranged according to body size
FIG. 3 in A recent inventory of the bats of Mozambique with documentation of seven new species for the country
FIG. 3. Ventral (A) and lateral (B) views of the baculum of R. cf. deckenii (DM 8560), from Chinizuia, central Mozambique. One small square on the graph paper represents 1 mm
FIG. 3 in Recent surveys of bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) from China. I. Rhinolophidae and Hipposideridae
FIG. 3. Relationship between frequency of echolocation calls from handheld bats (resting frequency) and forearm length for Rhinolophus sinicus (D) and R. affinis (-)
FIG. 1. A in A recent bat survey reveals Bukit Barisan Selatan Landscape as a chiropteran diversity hotspot in Sumatra
FIG. 1. A — The location of Bukit Barisan Selatan Landscape (marked as the black star) in Southeast Asia; B — Map of 12 study sites in Bukit Barisan Selatan Landscape. Filled circles: forested sites; filled squares: polyculture coffee plantations; filled diamonds: monoculture coffee plantations; open triangle: cave site. The shaded area refers to the territory of Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park. 1 — Sukabanjar Forest; 2 — Sukaraja Forest; 3 — Way Canguk Forest; 4 — Kuyung Arang Village; 5 — Lombok Village; 6 — Pemerihan Village; 7 — Sukabanjar Village; 8 — Sukaraja Village; 9 — Sumber Rejo Village; 10 — Sidodadi Village; 11 — Sumberjaya Village; 12 — Sridadi Cave
Recent constraints on MIS 3 sea level support role of continental shelf exposure as a control on Indo-Pacific hydroclimate
<p>Continental shelf area is calculated for the Sahul and Sunda shelf using the ICE-PC2 ice history (Pico et al., 2017, Nat. Comm) and the Waelbroeck ice history, based on the global mean sea-level history published in Waelbroeck et al. 2002 (QSR).</p>
Signatures of selection in a recent invasion reveals adaptive divergence in a highly vagile invasive species
<p>A detailed understanding of population genetics in invasive populations helps us to identify drivers of successful alien introductions. Here, we investigate putative signals of selection in Australian populations of invasive common starlings, <i>Sturnus vulgaris</i>, and seek to understand how these have been influenced by introduction history. We used reduced representation sequencing to determine population structure, and identify Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) that are putatively under selection. We found that since their introduction into Australia, starling populations have become genetically differentiated despite the potential for high levels of dispersal, and that starlings have responded to selective pressures imposed by a wide range of environmental conditions across their geographic range. Isolation-by-distance appears to have played a strong role in determining genetic substructure across the starling's Australian range. Analyses of candidate SNPs that are putatively under selection indicated that aridity, precipitation, and temperature may be important factors driving adaptive variation across the starling's invasive range in Australia. However, we also noted that the historic introduction regime may leave footprints on sites flagged as being under adaptive selection, and encourage critical interpretation of selection analyses in non-native populations.</p>
FIGURE 1 in Additional DNA barcodes confirm recent morphological species concepts and synonymies in Callomyia Meigen (Diptera: Platypezidae)
FIGURE 1. Neighbour-Joining tree of 30 Callomyia specimens and two outgroup specimens with COI sequences ≥550 bp, including sex, unique voucher number, sequence length, geographic locality and GenBank number. Bracketed species names are the current species concepts used in Cumming & Wheeler (2016) and include Nearctic synonyms and misidentifications (shown on branch terminals) that are found in Kessel & Buegler (1972).
The sunflower (Helianthus annuusL.) genome reflects a recent history of biased accumulation of transposable elements
<p>Aside from polyploidy, transposable elements are the major drivers of genome size increases in plants. Thus, understanding the diversity and evolutionary dynamics of transposable elements in sunflower (<i>Helianthus annuus</i> L.), especially given its large genome size (∼3.5 Gb) and the well‐documented cases of amplification of certain transposons within the genus, is of considerable importance for understanding the evolutionary history of this emerging model species. By analyzing approximately 25% of the sunflower genome from random sequence reads and assembled bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones, we show that it is composed of over 81% transposable elements, 77% of which are long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons. Moreover, the LTR retrotransposon fraction in BAC clones harboring genes is disproportionately composed of chromodomain‐containing <i>Gypsy</i> LTR retrotransposons ('chromoviruses'), and the majority of the intact chromoviruses contain tandem chromodomain duplications. We show that there is a bias in the efficacy of homologous recombination in removing LTR retrotransposon DNA, thereby providing insight into the mechanisms associated with transposable element (TE) composition in the sunflower genome. We also show that the vast majority of observed LTR retrotransposon insertions have likely occurred since the origin of this species, providing further evidence that biased LTR retrotransposon activity has played a major role in shaping the chromatin and DNA landscape of the sunflower genome. Although our findings on LTR retrotransposon age and structure could be influenced by the selection of the BAC clones analyzed, a global analysis of random sequence reads indicates that the evolutionary patterns described herein apply to the sunflower genome as a whole.</p>
Recent warming reduces the reproductive advantage of large size and contributes to evolutionary downsizing in nature
Body size is a key functional trait that is predicted to decline under warming. Warming is known to cause size declines via phenotypic plasticity, but evolutionary responses of body size to warming are poorly understood. To test for warming-induced evolutionary responses of body size and growth rates, we used populations of mosquitofish ( Gambusia affinis ) recently established (less than 100 years) from a common source across a strong thermal gradient (19–33°C) created by geothermal springs. Each spring is remarkably stable in temperature and is virtually closed to gene flow from other thermal environments. Field surveys show that with increasing site temperature, body size distributions become smaller and the reproductive advantage of larger body size decreases. After common rearing to reveal recently evolved trait differences, warmer-source populations expressed slowed juvenile growth rates and increased reproductive effort at small sizes. These results are consistent with an adaptive basis of the plastic temperature–size rule, and they suggest that temperature itself can drive the evolution of countergradient variation in growth rates. The rapid evolution of reduced juvenile growth rates and greater reproduction at a small size should contribute to substantial body downsizing in populations, with implications for population dynamics and for ecosystems in a warming world.
The contribution of the edaphic factor as a driver of recent plant diversification in a Mediterranean biodiversity hotspot
<p>1. The high diversification rates of plant lineages in the Mediterranean Basin hotspot have been linked to a complex interaction of climatic stressors, geographic isolation and soil type, but the question remains as to which of these factors has been the most significant environmental driver of recent speciation.</p> <p>2. Here, we draw on distributional data for the entire endemic flora of the Iberian Peninsula, together with DNA-based phylogenies and spatial phylogenetic methods, to explore patterns of relative phylogenetic endemism at different spatial resolutions and phylogenetic scales (superclades) and assess how environmental factors contribute to explain these patterns.</p> <p>3. We found that recent diversification of angiosperms as a whole, and particularly of eudicots, has been boosted by environmental stressors including high values of soil pH and dry-seasonal climatic conditions, while diversification of monocots has not been associated with soil conditions but with high elevation and less seasonal climate.</p> <p>4. Synthesis. These results provide robust insights into the environmental factors driving recent plant diversification in the Mediterranean Basin, including a role of soil properties that had not been quantified before. The contrasting environmental drivers of diversification in Eudicots and Monocots highlight the importance of analyzing spatial phylogenetic patterns at multiple phylogenetic scales to get a better understanding of the processes that shape biodiversity.</p>
Figures 70–72 in Scorpions of the Horn of Africa (Arachnida: Scorpiones). Part XXV. Description of Pandinurus awalei sp. n. and the male of Pandiborellius somalilandus (Kovařík, 2012), with remarks on recent synonymies (Scorpionidae: Pandininae)
Figures 70–72. Pandinurus awalei sp. n., left hemispermatophore, capsule, anterior (70), concave (71) and convex (72) views. Scale bar: 1 mm.
Figures 40–47 in Scorpions of the Horn of Africa (Arachnida: Scorpiones). Part XXV. Description of Pandinurus awalei sp. n. and the male of Pandiborellius somalilandus (Kovařík, 2012), with remarks on recent synonymies (Scorpionidae: Pandininae)
Figures 40–47: Pandinurus awalei sp. n. Figures 40, 45–47. Male holotype, telson lateral (40), and metasoma and telson lateral (45), ventral (46), and dorsal (47) views. Figures 41–44. Paratype female, telson lateral (41), and metasoma and telson lateral (42), ventral (43), and dorsal (44) views. Scale bars: 10 mm (42–44, 45–47).
Figures 25–28 in Scorpions of the Horn of Africa (Arachnida: Scorpiones). Part XXV. Description of Pandinurus awalei sp. n. and the male of Pandiborellius somalilandus (Kovařík, 2012), with remarks on recent synonymies (Scorpionidae: Pandininae)
Figures 25–28. Pandinurus awalei sp. n., male holotype, dorsal (25) and ventral (26) views, and right chelicera in dorsal (27) and ventral (28) aspects. Scale bar: 10 mm (25–26).
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.