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FIGURE 9 in Morphology and biology of Polydora species (Polychaeta: Spionidae) boring into oyster shells in South America, with the description of a new species

FIGURE 9. Polydora cf. haswelli adult morphology, Paraná (MZSP 179). A, B, posterior ends in left lateral view. A, a common disc-like pygidium with numerous glandular cells. B, pygidium intermediate between disc-like and scoop-shaped pygidia, with few glandular cells. Scales: A, B = 50 µm.

FIGURE 10 in Morphology and biology of Polydora species (Polychaeta: Spionidae) boring into oyster shells in South America, with the description of a new species

FIGURE 10. Polydora carinhosa sp. nov. adult morphology, Santa Catarina (MZSP 181, paratype). A, anterior end, dorsal view, showing black pigmentation on dorsal side of peristomium and anterior chaetigers. B–D, modified chaetae of chaetiger 5: B, ventral capillary. C, dorsal superior geniculate capillary. D, heavy falcate spine and bilimbate-tipped companion chaeta; right side chaetae in ventral view.

FIGURE 8 in Morphology and biology of Polydora species (Polychaeta: Spionidae) boring into oyster shells in South America, with the description of a new species

FIGURE 8. Polydora cf. haswelli adult morphology, São Paulo (MZSP 179). A, bidentate hooded hook from neuropodium of chaetiger 7. B–D, modified chaetae of chaetiger 5: B, ventral capillary. C, dorsal superior geniculate capillary. D, heavy falcate spines and bilimbate-tipped companion chaetae; right side chaetae in ventral view; older, worn chaetae on right. E, posterior end of large worm, dorsal view, showing small yellow chromatophores on segments, sensory cilia on edge of pygidium, numerous glandular cells in pygidium.

FIGURE 13 in Morphology and biology of Polydora species (Polychaeta: Spionidae) boring into oyster shells in South America, with the description of a new species

FIGURE 13. Polydora carinhosa sp. nov. life cycle diagram. A, female brooding larvae in egg capsules joined to each other in string, with each attached by two stalks to inner wall of burrow in shell. B, fragment of egg capsule string. C, 14-chaetiger larva hatched from egg capsule and ready for settlement and metamorphosis. D, juvenile in silty tube at beginning of boring into shell.

FIGURE 7. Polydora ecuadoriana life cycle diagram. A in Morphology and biology of Polydora species (Polychaeta: Spionidae) boring into oyster shells in South America, with the description of a new species

FIGURE 7. Polydora ecuadoriana life cycle diagram. A, sinuous spermatophore released by male and caught by female. B, female brooding early larvae in egg capsules joined to each other in string, with each attached by two stalks to inner wall of burrow in shell. C, fragment of egg capsule string. D, 3-chaetiger larva hatched from egg capsule and entered into the plankton. E, 16-chaetiger pelagic larva ready for settlement and metamorphosis. F, juvenile in silty tube at beginning of boring into shell, with palps lacking pigmentation.

FIGURE 6 in Morphology and biology of Polydora species (Polychaeta: Spionidae) boring into oyster shells in South America, with the description of a new species

FIGURE 6. Polydora ecuadoriana shell-boring life style Espírito Santo (MZSP 168). A, pair of feeding palps protruding out of short silty tube that extends burrow in shell, showing characteristic black bars regularly arranged along length of each palp. B, external opening of burrow in shell, with silty tube extensions removed, showing joined apertures and pair of short palps. C, shells of mangrove oyster Crassostrea rhizophorae infested by Polydora ecuadoriana, showing U-shaped burrows (bu) and small mud blisters (mb) with worms on inner side of shells. Scales: A, B, 1 mm. C, 1 cm.

FIGURE 4 in Morphology and biology of Polydora species (Polychaeta: Spionidae) boring into oyster shells in South America, with the description of a new species

FIGURE 4. Polydora ecuadoriana adult morphology, Paraná (USNM 1022185). A, anterior end, dorsal view, showing palp scars (pa), lateral organs (lo) on chaetiger 1, ciliary bands of nuchal organs (no), nototrochs (nt), and flattened branchiae (br) from chaetiger 7. B–E, posterior end in various views, showing large, scoop-shaped pygidium with wide middorsal gap, dorsal anus (an), and postanal ciliary band (cb). Scales: A–E, 100 µm.

FIGURE 2 in Morphology and biology of Polydora species (Polychaeta: Spionidae) boring into oyster shells in South America, with the description of a new species

FIGURE 2. Polydora ecuadoriana adult morphology, Paraná (USNM 1022185). A, anterior end of a 40-chaetiger juvenile, dorsal view, showing narrow black band along ciliated groove on right palp; left palp omitted. B, bidentate hooded hook from neuropodium of chaetiger 20. C, bidentate hooded hook from neuropodium of chaetiger 7. D, heavy falcate spines and bilimbate-tipped companion chaetae from notopodium of chaetiger 5; right side chaetae in ventral view; older, worn chaetae on right.

FIGURE 3 in Morphology and biology of Polydora species (Polychaeta: Spionidae) boring into oyster shells in South America, with the description of a new species

FIGURE 3. Polydora ecuadoriana adult morphology and distribution of fertile (gametogenic) chaetigers, São Paulo and Paraná. A, relationships between number of eyes and total number of chaetigers in worm, and distribution of number of eyes in population. B, relationships between pigmentation of palps and total number of chaetigers in worm; abs —absence of pigmentation on palp; line —black line along longitudinal ciliated groove on palp; 2–7 —number of black bars on palp. C, relationships between length of caruncle and total number of chaetigers in worm. D, relationships between position of the first and last fertile chaetigers and total number of chaetigers in males. E, same in females.

FIGURE 5 in Morphology and biology of Polydora species (Polychaeta: Spionidae) boring into oyster shells in South America, with the description of a new species

FIGURE 5. Polydora ecuadoriana adult morphology, Paraná (USNM 1022185). A, anterior end, left lateral view, showing narrow, downwards-curved prostomium (pr), low caruncle (ca), and peristomium (pe). B, same, ventral view, showing narrow incision on anterior edge of prostomium. C, chaetigers 2–6, left lateral view, showing lateral ciliated organs (lo) on chaetigers 2, 3 and 6; enlarged chaetiger 5 with tuft of dorsal superior capillaries (ds), two kinds of modified notochaetae (mn) arranged in horizontal double row, and tuft of ventral capillaries (vc). D, chaetigers 6–8, left lateral view, showing ventral capillaries on chaetiger 6, vertical rows of hooded hooks (hh) and external parts of secretory cells of glandular pouches (gp) on chaetigers 7 and 8. E, F, posterior ends in left lateral view, showing various pygidia. Scales: A, B, F, 100 µm. C, E, 50 µm. D, 30 µm.

FIGURE 1 in Morphology and biology of Polydora species (Polychaeta: Spionidae) boring into oyster shells in South America, with the description of a new species

FIGURE 1. Map showing reports of Polydora ecuadoriana (1 —Blake, 1983) and Polydora cf. haswelli in South America. New records of both species from Brazil are depicted by filled circles: ES —Espírito Santo, RJ —Rio de Janeiro, SP —São Paulo, PR —Paraná, SC —Santa Catarina.

FIGURE 4. Shells and living specimens. A in A new Canariella species (Gastropoda: Helicoidea: Hygromiidae) of the new subgenus Majorata, both endemic to the Jandía Peninsula (Fuerteventura, Canary Islands)

FIGURE 4. Shells and living specimens. A. Canariella plutonia, from Vega de Río Palmas; B–C. C. jandiaensis sp. nov., from Morro del Cavadero; B. Holotype. D–E. C. eutropis from Solana del Ciervo. Scale bar applies to A, B, D.

FIGURE 3. Shell and SEM details. A–D in The subgenus Monilearia (Lyrula) Wollaston, 1878 (Gastropoda: Helicoidea: Cochlicellidae) from Lanzarote and Fuerteventura (Canary Islands), with the description of Monilearia (Lyrula) tubaeformis sp. nov.

FIGURE 3. Shell and SEM details. A–D. Monilearia loweana; A. from Valle Chico; B–D. from Mirador de Malpaso; C. Some bristles of third whorl rectangular "cells"; D. "cell" subdivisions and a line of bristles between second and third whorls; E–F, Monilearia multipunctata; E. from Barranco de Gran Valle; F. from Rosa de Zapata; G–H, Monilearia tubaeformis sp. nov. G. Holotype, from Lomo del Aceituno; H. Paratype, from Vega de Río Palmas, detail of shell ventrallateral side. Scale bar (2 mm) applies to A, E, F, G.

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FIGURE 2. Shells. A. B in Identifying species of Bythinella (Caenogastropoda: Rissooidea): A plea for an integrative approach

FIGURE 2. Shells. A. B. angelitae, holotype (and lectotype of Paludinella opaca Frauenfeld, 1857); B, C. B. angelitae, paratypes (and paralectotypes of P. opaca Frauenfeld, 1857); D. B. robiciana, topotype; E. B. opaca, (topotype of Paludina schmidtii Küster, 1852). Scale bar = 2 mm.

FIGURE 12. Pseudanthessius imo n in Copepods (Cyclopoida) associated with top shells (Vestigastropoda: Trochoidea: Tegulidae) from coastal waters in southern Japan, with descriptions of three new species

FIGURE 12. Pseudanthessius imo n. sp., adult male, allotype NSMT–Cr 2463. A, habitus, dorsal; B, genital somite, ventral; C, right leg 6, ventral; D, left maxilliped, inner. Scale bars: A, 400 µm; B, 100 µm; C, 20 µm; D, 40 µm.

FIGURE 10. Pseudanthessius imo n in Copepods (Cyclopoida) associated with top shells (Vestigastropoda: Trochoidea: Tegulidae) from coastal waters in southern Japan, with descriptions of three new species

FIGURE 10. Pseudanthessius imo n. sp., adult female, holotype NSMT–Cr 24630. A, habitus, dorsal; B, rostral area; C, genital aperture and leg 6, dorsal; D, left caudal ramus, dorsal; E, right antennule; F, right antenna, anterior; G, labrum, anterior; H, left mandible, anterior. Scale bars: A, 400 µm; B, 100 µm; C, D, F, G, 50 µm; E, 40 µm; H, 20 µm.

FIGURE 11. Pseudanthessius imo n in Copepods (Cyclopoida) associated with top shells (Vestigastropoda: Trochoidea: Tegulidae) from coastal waters in southern Japan, with descriptions of three new species

FIGURE 11. Pseudanthessius imo n. sp., adult female, holotype NSMT–Cr 24630. A, right maxillule, anterior; B, right maxilla, posterior; C, right maxilliped, posterior; D, left leg 1, anterior; E, left leg 2, anterior; F, left leg 3, anterior; G, left leg 4, anterior; H, right leg 5, dorsal. Scale bars: A, 20 µm; B, C, 40 µm; D–G, 100 µm; H, 50 µm.

FIGURE 9. Panaietis satsuma n in Copepods (Cyclopoida) associated with top shells (Vestigastropoda: Trochoidea: Tegulidae) from coastal waters in southern Japan, with descriptions of three new species

FIGURE 9. Panaietis satsuma n. sp., adult male, allotype NSMT–Cr 24627. A, habitus, dorsal; B, genital somite, ventral; C, right maxilliped, inner. Scale bars: A, 500 µm; B, 100 µm; C, 50 µm.

FIGURE 8. Panaietis satsuma n in Copepods (Cyclopoida) associated with top shells (Vestigastropoda: Trochoidea: Tegulidae) from coastal waters in southern Japan, with descriptions of three new species

FIGURE 8. Panaietis satsuma n. sp., adult female, holotype NSMT–Cr 24626. A, left maxillule, anterior; B, right maxilla, posterior; C, left maxilliped, anterior; D, left leg 1, anterior; E, right leg 2, anterior; F, right leg 3, anterior; G, left leg 4, anterior; H, left leg 5, ventral. Scale bars: A, 20 µm; B, C, H, 50 µm; D–G, 100 µm.

FIGURE 7. Panaietis satsuma n in Copepods (Cyclopoida) associated with top shells (Vestigastropoda: Trochoidea: Tegulidae) from coastal waters in southern Japan, with descriptions of three new species

FIGURE 7. Panaietis satsuma n. sp., adult female, holotype NSMT–Cr 24626. A, habitus, dorsal; B, rostral area; C, genital aperture and leg 6, dorsal; D, right caudal ramus, dorsal; E, right antennule; F, left antenna, anterior; G, labrum, anterior; H, right mandible, anterior. Scale bars: A, 1 mm; B, 200 µm; C, G, H, 50 µm; D–F, 100 µm.