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FIGURE 1 in Two new species of the genus Elasmopus Costa, 1853 (Amphipoda: Gammaridea: Maeridae) from off the Northeast Brazilian Coast

FIGURE 1. Elasmopus karamani sp. nov. Holotype, male, 8.5 mm, REVIZEE Score NE, # 85A-III, 3°28'12"S- 35°03'36"W, 04/VI/1998, MNRJ 21571. Scale bars = 0.2 mm.

FIGURE 2 in Two new species of the genus Elasmopus Costa, 1853 (Amphipoda: Gammaridea: Maeridae) from off the Northeast Brazilian Coast

FIGURE 2. Elasmopus karamani sp. nov. Holotype, male, 8.5 mm, REVIZEE Score NE, # 85A-III, 3°28'12"S- 35°03'36"W, 04/VI/1998, MNRJ 21571. Paratype, female, 8.1 mm, REVIZEE Score NE, # 85A-III, 3°28'12"S- 35°03'36"W, 04/VI/1998, MNRJ 21578. Scale bars = 0.2 mm.

FIGURE 5. Ichthyophis moustakius, BNHS 5215 in Three new species of striped Ichthyophis (Amphibia: Gymnophiona: Ichthyophiidae) from the northeast Indian states of Manipur and Nagaland

FIGURE 5. Ichthyophis moustakius, BNHS 5215 (paratype). A. Dorsolateral view in life, B. Dorsolateral view of head in life, C. Ventral view in life, D. Dorsal view of head in preservation, E. Ventral view of head in life, F. Ventral view of body terminus in life.

FIGURE 7 in Three new species of striped Ichthyophis (Amphibia: Gymnophiona: Ichthyophiidae) from the northeast Indian states of Manipur and Nagaland

FIGURE 7. Holotype of Ichthyophis sendenyu, BNHS 5221. A. Anterodorsal view in life, B. Dorsolateral view of head in life, C. Ventral view in life, D. Dorsal view of head in preservation, E. Ventral view of head in life, F. Ventral view of body terminus in life.

FIGURE 1 in Three new species of striped Ichthyophis (Amphibia: Gymnophiona: Ichthyophiidae) from the northeast Indian states of Manipur and Nagaland

FIGURE 1. Distribution map of Ichthyophis species from northeast India: 1. I. khumhzi, 2. I. moustakius, 3. I. sendenyu, 4. I. sikkimensis, 5. I. husaini, 6. I. garoensis. Positioning of symbols is approximate.

FIGURE 5. Corallium medea Bayer, 1964. Holotype, USNM 52512 in Coralliidae (Anthozoa: Octocorallia) from the INDEMARES 2010 expedition to north and northwest Spain (northeast Atlantic), with delimitation of a new species using both morphological and molecular approaches

FIGURE 5. Corallium medea Bayer, 1964. Holotype, USNM 52512. (A) Front, back and close-up view of colony. (B) Sclerites from cortex.

FIGURE 8. Corallium johnsoni Gray, 1860 in Coralliidae (Anthozoa: Octocorallia) from the INDEMARES 2010 expedition to north and northwest Spain (northeast Atlantic), with delimitation of a new species using both morphological and molecular approaches

FIGURE 8. Corallium johnsoni Gray, 1860. (A) NHM 1933.3. 13.55, “ front ” and “ back ” views of colony. (B) SMF 2426, view of colony, and sclerites from the autozooids.

FIGURE 3. Corallium occultum n in Coralliidae (Anthozoa: Octocorallia) from the INDEMARES 2010 expedition to north and northwest Spain (northeast Atlantic), with delimitation of a new species using both morphological and molecular approaches

FIGURE 3. Corallium occultum n. sp., holotype (MNCN 2.04 / 1128), Avilés Canyon System, Stn. DR 18. (A) Cortical sclerites. (B) Sclerites from the autozooids.

FIGURE 1 in Coralliidae (Anthozoa: Octocorallia) from the INDEMARES 2010 expedition to north and northwest Spain (northeast Atlantic), with delimitation of a new species using both morphological and molecular approaches

FIGURE 1. Map of the north of Spain showing the two sampling areas of the INDEMARES 2010 expedition. 1) Avilés Canyon System. 2) Galicia Bank. Modified from Altuna (2013).

FIGURE 2. Corallium occultum n in Coralliidae (Anthozoa: Octocorallia) from the INDEMARES 2010 expedition to north and northwest Spain (northeast Atlantic), with delimitation of a new species using both morphological and molecular approaches

FIGURE 2. Corallium occultum n. sp., Avilés Canyon System, Stn. DR 18. (A) Holotype, “ front ”, “ back ” and close views (MNCN 2.04 / 1128). (B) Paratype (MNCN 2.04 / 1129), Avilés Canyon System, Stn. DR 18, close view of cortical mounds. (C) Right image, paratype (MNCN 2.04 / 1130), Avilés Canyon System, Stn. DR 16. Arrows indicating siphonozooids.

FIGURE 7 in Coralliidae (Anthozoa: Octocorallia) from the INDEMARES 2010 expedition to north and northwest Spain (northeast Atlantic), with delimitation of a new species using both morphological and molecular approaches

FIGURE 7. Corallium cf. bayeri Simpson & Watling, 2011, Galicia Bank, Stn. DR 15. (A) View of colony. (B) Cortical sclerites; double club (uppermost right) seen in top down view. (C) Corallium niobe Bayer, 1964, Avilés Canyon System, Stn. DR 16. Note modification of axis resulting from the presence of a commensal worm.

FIGURE 4 in Coralliidae (Anthozoa: Octocorallia) from the INDEMARES 2010 expedition to north and northwest Spain (northeast Atlantic), with delimitation of a new species using both morphological and molecular approaches

FIGURE 4. (A) Cortical sclerites of Corallium occultum n. sp., paratype (MNCN 2.04 / 1130). (B) Box plots indicate the width, height, and width / height ratio of double clubs from Corallium johnsoni (Gray, 1860), NHM 1933.3. 13.55 and SMF 2426; Corallium medea Bayer, 1964, USNM 52512 (holotype) and USNM 52513 (paratype); Corallium occultum n. sp., MNCN 2.04 / 1128 (holotype) and MNCN 2.04 / 1130 (paratype). The box delimits the first and 3 rd quartile, the horizontal line represents the median, and the whiskers delimit values that are within 1.5 x the inter-quartile range; values outside that range are represented by circles and considered as statistical outliers. (C) Mean (± one standard error, n = 40) of width, height, and width / height ratio of double clubs. Means within a column (in small letter) followed by the same letter are not significantly different based on multiple comparisons (at alpha = 1 % significance level).

FIGURE 6 in Coralliidae (Anthozoa: Octocorallia) from the INDEMARES 2010 expedition to north and northwest Spain (northeast Atlantic), with delimitation of a new species using both morphological and molecular approaches

FIGURE 6. (A) Phylogenetic tree inferred by maximum likelihood, based on concatenated dataset (16s rRNA + 16s-nad2 + nad3-nad6). Tree topology inferred by Bayesian Inference is identical to the ML topology. Branch values correspond to bootstrap support for maximum likelihood (first) and Bayesian posterior probabilities (second). The gray arrow indicates the position of Corallium occultum sp. nov. Single (S) and multiple (M) threshold likelihood solutions to the GMYC model (center). The single threshold likelihood solution and the multiple threshold likelihood solution suggest 21 and 20 entities within Coralliidae, respectively. (B) Raindrop pits on axis and 8-radiates from Paracorallium japonicum (Kishinouye, 1903), ASIZ80266 in Clade I-A. (C) Non-retractable autozooids and long spindles from tentacles from Corallium abyssale Bayer, 1956, USNM 1164629 are common features for species in Clade I-B. (D) Circular pits on axis from Paracorallium inutile (Kishinouye, 1903), USNM 19935. (E) Corallium borneense Bayer, 1950, IK-2011-1542.

FIGURE 10 in Coralliidae (Anthozoa: Octocorallia) from the INDEMARES 2010 expedition to north and northwest Spain (northeast Atlantic), with delimitation of a new species using both morphological and molecular approaches

FIGURE 10. Corallium tricolor (Johnson, 1898), SMF 9514. (A) “ Front ” view of colony, arrow indicating small raised bumps. (B) “ Back ” view of colony, black arrow indicating opening of siphonozooid; white arrows indicating the axis distorted. (C) Cortical sclerites; (a) asymmetrical 6 - radiate, (b) asymmetrical 8 - radiates, (c) symmetrical 8 - radiates, (d) double clubs. (D) Sclerites from the autozooids; (a) pharyngeal sclerites, (b) tentacle sclerites ..

FIGURE 9. Corallium johnsoni Gray, 1860, NHM 1933.3. 13.55 in Coralliidae (Anthozoa: Octocorallia) from the INDEMARES 2010 expedition to north and northwest Spain (northeast Atlantic), with delimitation of a new species using both morphological and molecular approaches

FIGURE 9. Corallium johnsoni Gray, 1860, NHM 1933.3. 13.55. (A) Cortical sclerites (B) Sclerites from the autozooids. Sclerites were grouped by shape: (a) crosses, (b) 6 - radiates, (c) 7 - radiates, (d) symmetrical 8 - radiates, (e) elongated 8 - radiates, (f) asymmetrical 8 - radiates, (g) double clubs, and (h) rods that are only present in autozooids.

FIGURE 8. Virtual 3D in Description and molecular phylogeny of Tethya leysae sp. nov. (Porifera, Demospongiae, Hadromerida) from the Canadian Northeast Pacific with remarks on the use of microtomography in sponge taxonomy

FIGURE 8. Virtual 3D isosurface rendering using VGStudio MAX of selected spicules within their skeletal context (A, B) and isolated from it (C, D), 3D-reconstructed from synchrotron radiation-based x-ray micro computed tomography images of the holotype. Virtual isolation (B) and comparative side-to side renderings of megasters (C) and megascleres (D). Micrasters are visualized as small dots, e.g. in the peripheral region in A.

FIGURE 7 in Description and molecular phylogeny of Tethya leysae sp. nov. (Porifera, Demospongiae, Hadromerida) from the Canadian Northeast Pacific with remarks on the use of microtomography in sponge taxonomy

FIGURE 7. Phylogenetic consensus trees of COI sequences shown as a direct comparison between A. maximum likelihood (ML) and B. the 50% majority rule consensus phylogram of the Bayesian approach. Numbers indicate bootstrap values (A) and posterior probabilities (B). Some species are represented by different sampling locations as indicated by indices: 1, Limski canal, Croatia; 2, Elba, Italy; 3, Rathlin Island, Northern Ireland; 4, Rovinj, Croatia.

FIGURE 6 in Description and molecular phylogeny of Tethya leysae sp. nov. (Porifera, Demospongiae, Hadromerida) from the Canadian Northeast Pacific with remarks on the use of microtomography in sponge taxonomy

FIGURE 6. Morphometric correlations between megasters and megascleres in T. leysae sp. nov. A. Diameter of megasters vs. R/C ratio (ray length to radius of the massive spicule center), including linear fitted graphs. Choanosomal megasters (filled circles, Ch, n=85) are significantly smaller (independent t-test; p<0.001) than cortical megasters (filled triangles, Co, n=227). The same applies to R/C values, which are significantly lower for choanosomal megasters (independent t-test; p<0.001), indicating more solid megasters with shorter rays and/or relatively more solid centers. Both differences are also represented by the linear fitted graphs. B. Length of megascleres plotted vs. width. Main and auxiliary megascleres represent two significantly different size classes, in terms of both length and width (independent ttests, p<0.001).

FIGURE 5 in Description and molecular phylogeny of Tethya leysae sp. nov. (Porifera, Demospongiae, Hadromerida) from the Canadian Northeast Pacific with remarks on the use of microtomography in sponge taxonomy

FIGURE 5. Spicule types of T. leysae sp. nov. (A–D; SEM micrographs) in comparison to T. californiana (E–F; drawings modified from Sarà & Corriero 1993, re-evaluated by own light microscopy of spicule preparations from the specimen BMNH 29.8.22.15.). A. Main and auxiliary megascleres. B. The highly variable cortical megasters. C. Choanodermal megasters. D. Micrasters. E. Megasters. F. Micrasters.

FIGURE 1 in Description and molecular phylogeny of Tethya leysae sp. nov. (Porifera, Demospongiae, Hadromerida) from the Canadian Northeast Pacific with remarks on the use of microtomography in sponge taxonomy

FIGURE 1. Type locality of T. leysae sp. nov. in the Northeast Pacific, around Ohiat Islet, Barkley Sound, near Bamfield, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada, North America.