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Fig. 37 in Postcranial Osteology Of Azendohsaurus Madagaskarensis (?Middle To Upper Triassic, Isalo Group, Madagascar) And Its Systematic Position Among Stem Archosaur Reptiles
Fig. 37. Left coracoid of Azendohsaurus madagaskarensis (FMNH PR 3822) in (A) lateral, (B) proximal, and (C) medial views. Scale 5 1 cm. Arrows indicate anterior direction. Abbreviations: a., articulates with; cf, coracoid foramen; gl, glenoid; pg, postglenoid process; sc, scapula.
Fig. 11 in Redescription and phylogenetic position of the enigmatic Neotropical electric fish Iracema caiana Triques (Gymnotiformes: Rhamphichthyidae) using x-ray computed tomography
Fig. 11. Opercle shape. (a) Rhamphichthys drepanium, UF 78066; (b) Gymnorhamphichthys rosamariae, MCP 24359; and (c) Hypopomus artedi, ANSP 177489. Lateral view of left side. Anterior to left. Scale bar is 5 mm.
Fig. 10 in Redescription and phylogenetic position of the enigmatic Neotropical electric fish Iracema caiana Triques (Gymnotiformes: Rhamphichthyidae) using x-ray computed tomography
Fig. 10. Scale shape above the lateral line at about two thirds of body. (a) Iracema caiana, MZUSP 49205; (b) Rhamphichthys marmoratus, MZUSP 49205; (c) Gymnorhamphichthys rosamariae, MCP 24359; and (d) Hypopomus artedi, ANSP 177489. Lateral view of left side.Anterior to left. Scale bar is 1 mm.
Fig. 7 in Redescription and phylogenetic position of the enigmatic Neotropical electric fish Iracema caiana Triques (Gymnotiformes: Rhamphichthyidae) using x-ray computed tomography
Fig. 7. Branchial basket and branchiostegals rays of left side of Iracema caiana (MZUSP 49205, 235 mm SL). (a) Lateral view; (b) Midsagittal view. Anterior to left. Scale bar is 5 mm. Abbreviations: bh+bb1 = basihyal +basibranchial 1; bb2 = basibranchial 2; bb3 = basibranchial 3; vhh = ventral hypohyal; dhh = dorsal hypohyal; ach = anterior ceratohyal; pch = posterior ceratohyal; uh = urohyal; br = branchiostegals; cb = ceratobranchial; eb = epibranchial; and tp = pharyngobranchial tooth plate.
Fig. 6 in Redescription and phylogenetic position of the enigmatic Neotropical electric fish Iracema caiana Triques (Gymnotiformes: Rhamphichthyidae) using x-ray computed tomography
Fig. 6. Opercular series of the left side of Iracema caiana series in lateral view (except branchiostegals; MZUSP 49205, 235 mm SL). Abbreviations: pop = preopercle; iop = interopercle; sop = subopercle; and op = opercle.
Fig. 5 in Redescription and phylogenetic position of the enigmatic Neotropical electric fish Iracema caiana Triques (Gymnotiformes: Rhamphichthyidae) using x-ray computed tomography
Fig. 5. Suspensorium and oral jaws of the left side of Iracema caiana (MZUSP 49205, 235 mm SL). (a) Lateral view; (b) Midsagittal view. Anterior to left. Scale bar is 5 mm. Abbreviations: p = premaxilla; m = maxilla; ant = antorbital; d = dentary; cm = coronomeckelian bone; ang = anguloarticular; rar = retroarticular; enp = endopterygoid; q = quadrate; ib = intermuscular bones of adductor mandibulae; sym = symplectic; mpt = metapterygoid; and h = hyomandibula.
Fig. 4 in Redescription and phylogenetic position of the enigmatic Neotropical electric fish Iracema caiana Triques (Gymnotiformes: Rhamphichthyidae) using x-ray computed tomography
Fig. 4. Skull roof and brain case of the left side of Iracema caiana (MZUSP 49205, 235 mm SL). (a) Lateral view; (b) Midsagittal view. Anterior to left. Scale bar is 5 mm. Abbreviations: v = ventral ethmoid+vomer; met = mesethmoid; pas = parasphenoid; fr = frontals; obs = orbitosphenoid; pts = pterosphenoid; pro = prootic; spo = sphenotic; pto = pterotic; pa = parietal, bo = basioccipital; exo = exoccipital; epo = epioccipital; and soc = supraoccipital.
Fig. 8 in Redescription and phylogenetic position of the enigmatic Neotropical electric fish Iracema caiana Triques (Gymnotiformes: Rhamphichthyidae) using x-ray computed tomography
Fig. 8. Weberian apparatus of right side (image reversed) of Iracema caiana (MZUSP 49205, 235 mm SL). Left side ribs and parapophysis removed. Anterior to left. Scale bar is 5 mm. Abbreviations: c1-c2 = centrum; s= scaphium; i = intercalarium; os = os suspensorium; t = tripus; bl = Baudelot's ligament; na3-na4 = neural arches; sn = supraneural; ns = neural spine; pp4 = parapophysis 4 and r5-r6 = ribs.
Fig. 3 in Redescription and phylogenetic position of the enigmatic Neotropical electric fish Iracema caiana Triques (Gymnotiformes: Rhamphichthyidae) using x-ray computed tomography
Fig. 3. Lateral view of the skull and cleithral region of Iracema caiana, (a) MZUSP 49205, 235 mm SL, scale bar is 5 mm; (b) MZUSP 49205, 345 mm SL, snout bent upwards due to preservation artifact. Scale bar is 10 mm.
Fig. 1. Iracema caiana, MZUSP 49205 in Redescription and phylogenetic position of the enigmatic Neotropical electric fish Iracema caiana Triques (Gymnotiformes: Rhamphichthyidae) using x-ray computed tomography
Fig. 1. Iracema caiana, MZUSP 49205 (paratypes). Specimens used for the CT-scan images: above 235 mm SL, below 345 mm SL.
Figure 6 in Molecules, morphology, missing data and the phylogenetic position of a recently extinct madtom catfish (Actinopterygii: Ictaluridae)
Figure 6. Results of phylogenetic analyses of the morphology data set. A, majority rule consensus topology of four equally parsimonious trees. Numbers above branches represent non-parametric bootstrap support, numbers below are Bremer (1988) decay indices. Species groups and subgenera recognized by Taylor (1969) are indicated as follows: E = Elegans group, FB = Funebris group, FR = Furiosus group, H = Hildebrandi group, M = Miurus group, N = Noturus, R = Rabida, S = Schilbeodes. B, Bayesian consensus topology; asterisks above branches indicate posterior probabilities ± 0.95.
Figure 8 in Molecules, morphology, missing data and the phylogenetic position of a recently extinct madtom catfish (Actinopterygii: Ictaluridae)
Figure 8. Results of phylogenetic analyses of the combined (morphology + cyt b + RAG2) data set. A, single most parsimonious tree resulting from parsimony analyses including (offset box at left) and excluding Noturus trautmani. Numbers above branches indicate non-parametric bootstrap support, numbers below branches correspond to node numbers in Table 2 which outlines partitioned Bremer (1988) support for each node. Nodes recovered in the morphologyonly analysis are indicated by an open circle, molecular analysis by a closed circle and both analyses by an open square. Clades recognized in this study are indicated as follows: a = albater, e = elegans, fb = funebris, fr = furiosus, g = gyrinus, h = hildebrandi, r = rabida. B, Bayesian consensus topology from analyses including (offset box at left) and excluding N. trautmani. Asterisks above branches indicate posterior probabilities ± 0.95. Nodes recovered with posterior probabilities ± 0.95 in the morphology-only analysis are indicated by an open circle, molecular analysis by a closed circle and both analyses by an open square.
Figure 7 in Molecules, morphology, missing data and the phylogenetic position of a recently extinct madtom catfish (Actinopterygii: Ictaluridae)
Figure 7. Results of phylogenetic analyses of the molecular (cyt b + RAG2) data set. A, single most parsimonious tree resulting from parsimony analysis. Numbers above branches indicate non-parametric bootstrap support, numbers below are Bremer (1988) decay indices. B, Bayesian consensus topology; asterisks above branches indicate posterior probabilities ± 0.95.
Figure 5. A, B in Molecules, morphology, missing data and the phylogenetic position of a recently extinct madtom catfish (Actinopterygii: Ictaluridae)
Figure 5. A, B, tripus and os suspensor, ventral view, anterior at top. A, Noturus maydeni, JFBM 40815; B, N. funebris, JFBM 43002. C–E, caudal vertebrae, lateral view, anterior at left. C, N. funebris, JFBM 43002; D, N. gladiator, JFBM 40771; E, N. elegans, JFBM 41047. c1 = vertebral centrum 1; CC1 = complex centrum – Weberian apparatus; osus = os suspensor; tr = tripus. Numbers refer to characters and states listed in Appendix S2. Scale bar = 1 mm.
Figure 4 in Molecules, morphology, missing data and the phylogenetic position of a recently extinct madtom catfish (Actinopterygii: Ictaluridae)
Figure 4. Weberian complex and associated dorsal fin structures, dorsal view, anterior at bottom. A, Noturus munitus, JFBM 43107; B, N. maydeni, JFBM 39170; C, N. gilberti, JFBM 42496; D, N. funebris, JFBM 43002. dsp1 = dorsal fin spine 1; dsp2 = dorsal fin spine 2; np1 = nuchal plate 1; np2 = nuchal plate 2; ns4 = neural spine 4; pr1 = proximal radial 1; tp4 = transverse process fourth vertebra; tp5 = transverse process fifth vertebra. Numbers refer to characters and states listed in Appendix S2. Scale bar = 1 mm.
Figure 2 in Molecules, morphology, missing data and the phylogenetic position of a recently extinct madtom catfish (Actinopterygii: Ictaluridae)
Figure 2. Suspensorium, lateral view, anterior at left. A, Noturus elegans, JFBM 41047; B, N. gladiator, JFBM 40771; C, N. insignis, JFBM 43239; D, N. funebris, JFBM 41501. enp = endopterygoid; h = hyomandibula; iop = interopercle; mpt = metapterygoid; op = opercle; pop = preopercle; q = quadrate. Numbers refer to characters and states listed in Appendix S2. Scale bar = 1 mm.
Figure 3. A, B in Molecules, morphology, missing data and the phylogenetic position of a recently extinct madtom catfish (Actinopterygii: Ictaluridae)
Figure 3. A, B, pectoral girdle, ventral view, anterior at top. A, Noturus munitus, JFBM 43107; B, N. funebris, JFBM 43002. C–E, posttemporo-supracleithrum, posterior view, anterior into page. C, N. munitus, JFBM 43107; D, N. eleutherus, JFBM 43055; E, N. funebris, JFBM 43002. cl = cleithrum; pr = pectoral radial; ps = pectoral fin spine; sco = scapulo-coracoid. Numbers refer to characters and states listed in Appendix S2. Cartilage shown by grey shading. Scale bar = 1 mm.
Figure 1 in Molecules, morphology, missing data and the phylogenetic position of a recently extinct madtom catfish (Actinopterygii: Ictaluridae)
Figure 1. Neurocranium and associated laterosensory canals, dorsal view, anterior at top. A, Noturus albater, JFBM 39350; B, N. eleutherus, JFBM 43055; C, N. insignis, JFBM 41247; D, N. funebris, JFBM 41501. ep = epioccipital; f = frontal; le = lateral ethmoid; me = mesethmoid; n = nasal; pa-so = parieto-supraoccipital; pto = pterotic; spo = sphenotic. Numbers refer to characters and states listed in Appendix S2. Cartilage shown by grey shading. Scale bar = 1 mm.
Figure 9 in Position and development of oocytes in velvet worms shed light on the evolution of the ovary in Onychophora and Arthropoda
Figure 9. Development of the endogenous ovary in Epiperipatus biolleyi. Transmission electron micrographs. A, position of the ovarian anlage beneath the presumptive heart and attached to the pericardial floor (pe) in an embryo with a full number of somites. Cross-section of the dorsal body. B, cross-section of an ovarian tube. Note the distinct separation into a germinal epithelium (ge), which contains the primordial germ cells (pgc), and a sterile epithelium (se). C, detail of the sterile epithelium. D, detail of the germinal epithelium. Arrowheads indicate apical junctions. Abbreviations: bl, basal lamina; ec, ectoderm; ge, germinal ovarian epithelium; hc, haemocoel; hl, lumen of the presumptive heart; lu, lumen of the ovarian anlage; me, outer layer of mesodermal cells that will later form the ovarian musculature; nu, nucleus; pe, presumptive pericardial floor; pgc, primordial germ cells; se, sterile ovarian epithelium.
Figure 7 in Position and development of oocytes in velvet worms shed light on the evolution of the ovary in Onychophora and Arthropoda
Figure 7. Internal organization of the endogenous ovary in Epiperipatus biolleyi. Light micrograph (A) and transmission electron micrographs (B–F). A, cross-section of the ovary (dorsal is up). Note the central position of ovarian lumen (lu) surrounded by germinal epithelium (ge) and the lack of a sterile epithelium. B, maturating oocyte (oc) from the germinal epithelium lying within a spherical chamber (ch), which is formed by specific cells (ce) of the germinal epithelium. C, detail of epithelial cells and an oocyte. Arrowheads indicate apical junctions. D, detail of the basal portion of the germinal epithelium with surrounding connective tissue containing muscle cells (mc). E, lower magnification of connective tissue showing numerous tracheal tubes (arrows). F, peripheral region of connective tissue containing tracheal tubes (tr) and flattened cells with an electron-dense content (fc). Abbreviations: bl, basal lamina; ce, cells of germinal epithelium that form the oocyte chamber; ch, oocyte chamber; ct, connective tissue; fc, flattened cell; ge, germinal epithelium; hc, haemocoel; lu, ovarian lumen; mc, muscle cells; mv, microvilli; nl, nucleolus; nu, nucleus; oc, maturating oocytes; tr, tracheal tubes.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.