Find research datasets worth reusing

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2021View details →

Interview with Peter Suber: Unlocking Knowledge for Social Equity (for International Open Access Week 2021)

Interview with Peter Suber – Director of the Harvard Office for Scholarly Communication, Director of the Harvard Open Access Project, Senior Researcher at the Berkman Center for Internet & Society, and Professor of Philosophy Emeritus at Earlham College. In the view of many, Peter Suber has been a generous leader and guide not only among, but also to the brightest lights, clearest thinkers and most effective of collaborative practitioners in the Open Access to scholarly research movement - for at least the last two decades. In this wide ranging and timely interview for International Open Access Week 2021, Peter gives his expert, fact-based opinion on the origin, location and potential destination of various core elements of the Open Access movement and the scholarly communication system which it is so clearly shaping - now at speed. Interview topics covered include but are not limited to: <ul> <li>A brief history of Open Access - Peter Suber’s Open Access story</li> <li>Open Access and its language defined</li> <li>Open Access highlights of the last "5,10 or 15" years: <ul> <li>Open Infrastructure <ul> <li>The Next Generation Repositories (NGR) project by the Coalition of Open Access Repositories (COAR) - over 4,000 institutional repositories in place to accelerate repository-based (Green) Open Access</li> </ul> </li> <li>Plan S and other big funders moves toward Open Access</li> <li>Transformative Agreements</li> <li>International responses to the Journal Impact Factor (JIF) <ul> <li>San Francisco DORA statement</li> <li>Leiden Manifesto</li> </ul> </li> <li>Controlled Digital Lending</li> </ul> </li> <li>Corporate capture of proprietary infrastructure and its scholarly content</li> <li>Structural equity – challenges and green shoots</li> <li>Open peer review</li> <li>The "perfect" Australian Open Access policy</li> </ul>

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2021View details →

Pelt biting as a practical indicator of social and environment stress in farmed red deer

Data sets used in the analyses of paper title "Pelt biting as a practical indicator of social and environment stress in farmed red deer"

opencc-by-2.0Nov 2021View details →

Scientific Improvement on Social Understanding of Tritium, Ten Years After the Fukushima Nuclear Accident

The present work deals with a scientific improvement of social education or understanding on radioactive tritium by laypeople, which is even possible after ten years of Fukushima nuclear accident. This work is actually motivated since the normal way of tritium dilution into ocean within the standard regulatory concentration had been hampered firstly by Korean Government in May 2011. In addition, thereafter the tritium issue has become one of the difficult issues to solve urgently, but without any success until 2020. The answer was the huge number of storage tanks with tritium in water. The dialogue meetings between the fishermen and administrative stakeholders were repeatedly held, but without success to overcome the foreseen hoax or rumors leading to the social stigma. Heretofore, we have encountered once a hope for political decision in August 2020, when the new Cabinet was then elected.  But unfortunately, the new Minister of the Ministry was unable to make a decision with a confidence, which must be actually a hard issue even as a tangible scientific knowledge. Actually no one has witnessed the generation of tritium. Scientific visualization with nuclear modeling of tritium generation, that is generated in atmospheric nuclear spallation reaction by cosmic rays, has been by no way sufficient until now. In order to overcome the above-mentioned social difficulty on educational facet of tritium as a tangible science, I have performed a Monte-Carlo simulation so as to reproduce the measured value of tritium concentration and its generation rate in the atmosphere. The result was in a reasonable agreement with the measurement. On top of this, according to this simulation, several new features were predicted with new observables on tritium generation. Once this prediction is confirmed by another experiment, the social trust on scientific knowledge on tritium will be shared with laypeople in society, not to mention the fishermen in Fukushima. In parallel, I have performed a pedagogical “Fermi estimate” on possible separation of tritium by a centrifuge apparatus, which is possible and rather easily demonstrated in laboratory. This proposal seems likewise effective to transform the elusive tritium into a tangible substance in an educational and scientific theory and experiment. In the present work, I concentrate on the educational aspect in illuminating the difficulty of tritium understanding as a social difficulty of radiation protection.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2021View details →

How accurate are developers' emotions inferred from social media?

Companion DATA of the paper "How accurate are developers' emotions inferred from social media?" submitted to the Journal of Systems and Software, 2021. The folders contain: /analysis     analyzed_tweets_by_psychologists.csv: file containing the manual analysis done by psychologists     analyzed_tweets_by_participants.csv: file containing the manual analysis done by participants     analyzed_tweets_by_psychologists_solved_divergencies.csv: file containing the manual analysis done by psychologists over 51 divergent tweets' classifications /dataset     alldata.json: contains the dataset used in the paper /notebooks     General - Charts.ipynb: notebook file containing all charts produced in the study, including those in the paper     Statistics - Lexicons and Ensembles.ipynb: notebook file with the statistics for the five lexicons and ensembles used in the study     Statistics - Linear Regression.ipynb: notebook file with the multiple linear regression results     Statistics - Psychologists versus Participants.ipynb: notebook file with the statistics between the psychologists and participants manual analysis     Statistics - Working x Non-working.ipynb: notebook file containing the statistical analysis for the tweets posted during work period and those posted outside of working period /surveys     Demographic_Survey.pdf: survey inviting participants to enroll in the study. We collect demographic data and participants' authorization to access their public Tweet posts     Demographic_Survey_answers.xlsx: participants' demographic survey answers     ibf_pt_br.doc: the Portuguese version of the Big Five Inventory (BFI) instrument to infer participants' Big Five polarity traits     ibf_answers.xlsx: participantes' and psychologists' answers for BFI ------------------------------------------------------------ We have removed from dataset any sensible data to protect participants' privacy and anonymity. We have removed from demographic survey answers any sensible data to protect participants' privacy and anonymity.

opencc-zeroNov 2021View details →

Testing hormonal responses to real and simulated social challenges in a competitive female bird

Competitive interactions often occur in series; therefore animals may respond to social challenges in ways that prepare them for success in future conflict. Changes in the production of the steroid hormone testosterone (T) are thought to mediate phenotypic responses to competition, but research over the past few decades has yielded mixed results, leading to several potential explanations as to why T does not always elevate following a social challenge. Here, we measured T levels in tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor), a system in which females compete for limited nesting cavities and female aggression is at least partially mediated by T. We experimentally induced social challenges in two ways: (1) using decoys to simulate territorial intrusions and (2) removing subsets of nesting cavities to increase competition among displaced and territory-holding females. Critically, these experiments occurred pre-laying, when females are physiologically capable of rapidly increasing circulating T levels. However, despite marked aggression in both experiments, T did not elevate following real or simulated social challenges, and in some cases, socially-challenged females had lower T levels than controls. Likewise, the degree of aggression was negatively correlated with T levels following a simulated territorial intrusion. Though not in line with the idea that social challenges prompt T elevation in preparation for future challenges, these patterns nevertheless connect T to territorial aggression in females. Coupled with past work showing that T promotes aggression, these results suggest that T may act rapidly to allow animals to adaptively respond to the urgent demands of a competitive event.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2021View details →

A Repeated Measures Dataset on Public Responses to the COVID-19 Pandemic: Social Norms, Attitudes, Behaviors, Conspiracy Thinking, and (Mis)Information

We present a quantitative repeated measures dataset from intensive longitudinal research (diary survey) conducted with participants drawn from a nationally representative sample of the German population. This diary survey addresses a wide range of variables relevant to the COVID-19 pandemic, including information seeking, attitudes towards science, public health, and related behaviors.  Respondents were asked about their thoughts, challenges, concerns, and experiences related to the pandemic. Survey responses were requested every two weeks from November 2020 and September 2021 for a total of 18 stages of data collection. The diary survey responses were all matched to the same individual. Using the unique identifier for each individual, the diary survey dataset can be analyzed in concert with a larger representative survey sample that was conducted three times within the same research project over this time period. The diary dataset we present here includes socio-demographic information and other potentially relevant variables, ready for secondary analysis. Initial sample frame: N = 1,480 Initial diary survey sub-sample: N = 133

opencc-zeroNov 2021View details →

Contours of the caregiver experience: Social resources and health behaviors in caregiving partners of persons with a spinal cord injury

Background and rationale: Informal caregiving is highly prevalent in Switzerland and in the long-term associated with chronic stress as evidenced by its negative effects on caregivers health and well-being. To date, most of research on informal caregiving has been focused on the elderly. Yet, the evidence from these studies may not be applicable and misinform policy in context of physical disabilities, which may further concerns younger-aged caregivers. Spinal cord injury (SCI) is an exemplary condition for the enforced need of long-term informal care that oftentimes occurs in middle-age. To better understand the mechanisms behind the health-adverse effects of caregiving, a improved understanding of the interplay between social and behavioral factors and the caregiver experience is needed. This project was a follow-up of the longitudinal pro-WELL study (pro-WELL 1), which investigated associations of productive activities and social relationships with health and well-being in persons with SCI and their caregiving partners (SNSF Project 100017_153256/1). Using the follow-up funding by SNF (pro-WELL 2) we further explored the pro-WELL data to foster a comprehensive understanding of the caregiver experience, also to promote the discussion and transfer of the gained knowledge to stakeholders. Objectives: The overall objective of this pro-WELL follow-up study ("pro-WELL 2") was to explore the relationship of social and behavioral factors with the caregiver experience to better understand the causal pathway linking the caregiver experience with health and well-being of the caregiving partners of persons with SCI. The specific aims were to investigate 1) whether socioeconomic conditions shape the caregiver experience, 2) whether social relationships moderate the association between the caregiver experience and health, and 3) whether the caregiver experience has an effect on health behaviors in the caregiving partners of persons with SCI. Using the evidence gained by pro-WELL 1 and 2, we aimed to conduct stakeholder dialogues in order to develop strategies to support burdened caregivers within the network of the Swiss Paraplegic Group. Methods: Pro-WELL is an observational longitudinal survey with three measurement waves. Data collection was completed in January 2017 and n=133, n=123, and n=119 couples participated at baseline, month 6 and month 12, respectively. The analyses were based on longitudinal dyadic data from the caregiving partners of persons with SCI that completed at least two waves (n=123). We applied multivariable regression modelling and path analysis to explore the research questions. Results: We demonstrated that caregivers with lower socioeconomic status reported a higher burden of care (Tough, Brinkhof, Siegrist, Fekete 2020, Int J Equity Health), provided evidence that social support moderates the association between the caregiver burden and health (Tough, Brinkhof, Fekete. submitted), and showed that the caregiver burden negatively affects specific health behaviors (Tough, Brinkhof, Fekete 2020, Health Psychology Behav Med). Discussion: This study was among the first to investigate the social and behavioral factors related to the caregiver experience, and to evaluate possible pathways through which the caregiver experience may impact upon health and well-being in middle-aged caregivers of persons with a physical disability. This study identified targets for interventions aimed at improving the caregiver experience with the ultimate goal to contribute to caregivers' health and well-being. The results of the pro-WELL 2 study were used to inform stakeholder dialogues on the current needs and potential actions to improve the situation of informal caregivers in Switzerland.

Simple Physical Interactions Yield Social Self-Organization in Honeybees - datasets

Empirical data of the location of the bees in complex thermal environments in specific time intervals. For more details please refer to  Szopek M, Stokanic V, Radspieler G and Schmickl T (2021) Simple Physical Interactions Yield Social Self-Organization in Honeybees. Front. Phys. 9:670317. doi: 10.3389/fphy.2021.670317   exp_1.csv contains the percentage of bees in the left, the center and the right evaluation zone in 1-minute intervals (runtime 30 min) for each of the 9 repetitions of Experiment 1 (static thermal environment with one global optimum at 36°C and a pessimum at 30°C). exp_2.csv contains the percentage of bees in the left, the center and the right evaluation zone in 1-minute intervals (runtime 30 min) for each of the 8 repetitions of Experiment 2 (static thermal environment with one global optimum at 36°C and one local optimum at 32°C). exp_3.csv contains the percentage of bees in the left, the center and the right evaluation zone in 1-minute intervals (runtime 30 min) for each of the 6 repetitions of Experiment 3 (static thermal environment with two equal optima of 36°C). exp_4.csv contains the percentage of bees in the left, the center and the right evaluation zone in 1-minute intervals (runtime 105 min) for each of the 17 repetitions of Experiment 4 (dynamic thermal environment). exp_5.csv contains the percentage of bees in the left, the center and the right evaluation zone at minute 30 for i) each of the 10 repetitions of Experiment 5 (static thermal environment with social stimulus) and ii) for each of the 8 repetitions of an experiment with the same thermal environment but without a social stimulus for comparison.

opencc-zeroDec 2021View details →

Experimental evidence that social information affects habitat selection in Marbled Murrelets

Habitat selection decisions can impact individual fitness and ultimately scale up to mediate population dynamics. Understanding how birds select habitat is thus critical for discerning the biological processes structuring populations and developing conservation strategies, particularly for species in decline. Marbled Murrelet (Brachyramphus marmoratus; hereafter murrelet) populations have declined in recent decades due to loss of late-successional forest nesting habitat and changing ocean conditions that impact foraging success. Most other seabirds in the family Alcidae nest colonially and evidence suggests nesting murrelets may aggregate in stands, yet no studies have examined murrelet use of social information in nest site selection. In 2016 we experimentally simulated presence of murrelets at 14 randomly chosen potential breeding sites by broadcasting murrelet calls throughout the breeding period. Between broadcasting bouts, we recorded calls of wild murrelets and compared call rates with those recorded at 14 control sites (no broadcast). One year after playbacks ceased (2017) we conducted breeding season surveys to document behaviors indicative of murrelet breeding activity. Broadcasting murrelet calls in 2016 increased daily odds of wild murrelets vocalizing during the treatment period by up to 15.4× (95% CI = 2.3, 125.4) relative to control sites. During the 2017 breeding season, the odds of occupancy were 10.0× (CI = 1.2, 81.4) greater at treatment sites than control sites. These results indicate that social information influences murrelet breeding site selection because simulated conspecific presence in potential nesting habitat appeared to attract prospectors in 2016 that continued occupying treatment sites the following year. This conspecific attraction implies murrelet nesting sites are likely to remain occupied over time and that large tracts of nesting habitat may be important for supporting murrelet populations. Murrelets may also be susceptible to information-mediated Allee effects whereby a lack of conspecific information about nesting habitat could exacerbate long-term population declines.

Trier Social Stress Test Protocol

Components/procedure of Trier Social Stress Test.

Social media articles dataset - article titles and links

This dataset contains the raw results of topic mapping presented at ngi.https://ngitopics.delabapps.eu.  The dataset includes the title and link to the collected article, as well as the location on the map.  There is a separate dataset for each analysed map: six umbrella topics + 6 regions For details on data collection and methodology see: https://ngitopics.delabapps.eu/report.pdf and https://ngitopics.delabapps.eu/report_multilanguage.pdf

opencc-by-nc-4.0Dec 2021View details →

Overview of social informatics scientific activities (1985–2019): Three datasets

The dataset was created as part of the overview of social informatics scientific activities published from 1985 to 2019. The results of the overview are presented in the article Evolution of social informatics: Publications, research, and educational activities. Three files are included: <ol> <li>The file SI-dataset-SI-N.xslx lists all peer-reviewed scientific publications containing the term social informatics in the title, abstract or keywords. Each listed publication is coded according to ten variables.</li> <li>The file SI-dataset-SocInfo.xslx lists all papers published in the Proceedings of the international conference on Social Informatics (SocInfo conference). Each listed publication is coded according to seven variables.</li> <li>The file SI-dataset-Activities.xslx lists all research and educational activities as well as conferences, journals and blogs that contain the term social informatics in their title or name.</li> </ol> The methodology is detailed in the article. Vehovar, V., Smutny, Z., and Bartol, J. (2022). Evolution of social informatics: Publications, research, and educational activities. The Information Society, 38(5), 307–333. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/01972243.2022.2092570">https://doi.org/10.1080/01972243.2022.2092570</a>

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2021View details →

Dataset of ""Statistical atlases and automatic labelling strategies to accelerate the analysis of social insect brain evolution"

Dataset of Statistical atlases and automatic labelling strategies to accelerate the analysis of social insect brain evolution by Sara Arganda, Ignacio Arganda-Carreras, Darcy G. Gordon, Andrew P. Hoadley, Alfonso Pérez-Escudero, Martin Giurfa and James F. A. Traniello. In this dataset, we are presenting: <ul> <li>10 confocal brain images from Pheidole spadonia minors (in the original confocal TIFF format and in the open NRRD format), with manually segmented labels of 8 subregions (Optic Lobes, OL; Antennal Lobes, AL; Mushroom Body Medial Calyx, MB-MC; Mushroom Body Lateral Calyx, MB-LC; Mushroom Body Peduncle, MB-P; Central Complex, CX; Subesophageal zone, SEZ; and Rest of Central Brain, ROCB – in NRRD format) from one expert annotator.</li> <li>12 confocal brain images from P. spadonia, P. rhea, P. tepicana and P. obtusospinosa minors, with manually segmented labels of the same 8 subregions (OL; AL; MB-MC; MB-LC; MB-P; CX; SEZ; and ROCB) from one expert annotator.</li> <li>5 confocal brain images from Pheidole spadonia minors (“test brains”), with five sets of manually segmented labels of the same 8 subregions (OL; AL; MB-MC; MB-LC; MB-P; CX; SEZ; and ROCB) from three expert annotators (one set from annotator 1, one set from annotator 2 and three sets from annotator 3, to evaluate inter and intra person differences).</li> <li>1 group-wise template generated from the 10 confocal brain images from Pheidole spadonia minors, with three sets of manually segmented labels of the same 8 subregions (OL; AL; MB-MC; MB-LC; MB-P; CX; SEZ; and ROCB).</li> <li>5 group-wise templates generated from the 9 confocal brain images from Pheidole spadonia minors, with consensus labels of the same 8 subregions (OL; AL; MB-MC; MB-LC; MB-P; CX; SEZ; and ROCB).</li> <li>1 group-wise template generated from 12 confocal brain images from P. spadonia, P. rhea, P. tepicana and P. obtusospinosa minors, with consensus labels of the same 8 subregions (OL; AL; MB-MC; MB-LC; MB-P; CX; SEZ; and ROCB).</li> <li>7 sets of automatic labels for the 5 “test brains”: 3 sets of “Direct Labels”, 3 sets of “Consensus Labels”, 1 set of “Multispecies Template Labels”.</li> </ul> Brain of minor workers were dissected from the ant head capsule in ice cold HEPES-buffered saline and were fixed and immunohistochemically stained using SYNORF1 (a monoclonal Drosophila synapsin I antibody obtained from the Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank, catalog 3C11) and secondarily stained using Alexa Fluor 488 for visualization of neuropil (slightly modified from Ott, 2008). Later, brains were mounted in methyl salicylate and imaged on an Olympus Fluoview BX50 laser scanning confocal microscope with a ×20 objective at a resolution of ~0.7 × 0.7 × 5µm/voxel. All brain tissue manipulation, staining and recording was performed by Darcy G. Gordon. Brain images were obtained in TIFF format by the confocal microscope and then opened and saved as Amira Mesh (.am) stack images in Amira (version 6.0). Manual segmentation of each brain was done using Amira (version 6.0 or 2019.2). Labels were traced on eight compartments in only one brain hemisphere, except for the CX, SEZ and ROCB, which lack a clear subdivision between hemispheres. Brain grey image stacks and labels were transformed to NRRD format for template construction using the Fiji plugin SaveAsGzipNrrd<a href="#_ftn1">[1]</a>. Volume and volume similarity of labels were calculated using the Fiji toolbox MorphoLibJ<a href="#_ftn2">[2]</a>. Acknowledgements: We thank Ming Huang (from Dr. Diana Wheeler’s laboratory) who kindly provided access to colonies from four species of the hyperdiverse ant genus Pheidole (P. spadonia, P. rhea, P. tepicana and P. obtusospinosa). This research was supported by National Science Foundation grants IOS 1354291 and IOS 1953393 to JT, a Marie Skłodowska-Curie Individual Fellowship BrainiAnts-660976 and Ayudas destinadas a la atracción de talento investigador a la Comunidad de Madrid en centros de I+D. This work is supported in part by the University of the <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/basque-country">Basque Country</a> UPV/EHU grant GIU19/027.   <a href="#_ftnref1">[1]</a> https://github.com/iarganda/tefor <a href="#_ftnref2">[2]</a> https://imagej.net/plugins/morpholibj

3DDD Social Mouse Tracker Dataset

Dataset associated with:  <a href="https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.21.109629">Ebbesen CL & Froemke RC (2021) Automatic mapping of multiplexed social receptive fields by deep learning and GPU-accelerated 3D videography. bioRxiv, doi: 10.1101/2020.05.21.109629.</a>   Associated code and analysis scripts are available on Github: <a href="https://github.com/chrelli/3DDD_social_mouse_tracker">https://github.com/chrelli/3DDD_social_mouse_tracker</a>

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2022View details →

Data for manuscript: "Themes in Academic Literature: Prejudice and Social Justice"

This data set contains frequency counts of target words in 175 million academic abstracts published in all fields of knowledge. We quantify the prevalence of words denoting prejudice against ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, gender identity, minority religious sentiment, age, body weight and disability in SSORC abstracts over the period 1970-2020. We then examine the relationship between the prevalence of such terms in the academic literature and their concomitant prevalence in news media content. We also analyze the temporal dynamics of an additional set of terms associated with social justice discourse in both the scholarly literature and in news media content. A few additional words not denoting prejudice are also available since they are used in the manuscript for illustration purposes. The list of academic abstracts analyzed in this work was taken from the Semantic Scholar Open Research Corpus (SSORC). The corpus contains, as of 2020, over 175 million academic abstracts, and associated metadata, published in all fields of knowledge. The raw data is provided by Semantic Scholar in accessible JSON format. Textual content included in our analysis is circumscribed to the scholarly articles’ titles and abstracts and does not include other article elements such as main body of text or references section.  Thus, we use frequency counts derived from academic articles’ titles and abstracts as a proxy for word prevalence in those articles. This proxy was used because the SSORC corpus does not provide the entire text body of the indexed articles. Targeted textual content was located in JSON data and sorted by year to facilitate chronological analysis. Tokens were lowercased prior to estimating frequency counts. Yearly relative frequencies of a target word or n-gram in the SSORC corpus were estimated by dividing the number of occurrences of the target word/n-gram in all scholarly articles within a given year by the total number of all words in all articles of that year. This method of estimating word frequencies accounts for variable volume of total scientific output over time. This approach has been shown before to accurately capture the temporal dynamics of historical events and social trends in news media corpora. It is possible that a small percentage of scholarly articles in the SSORC corpus contain incorrect or missing data. For earlier years in the SSORC corpus, abstract information is sometimes missing and only article’s title information is available. As a result, the total and target word count metrics for a small subset of academic abstracts might not be precise. In a data analysis of 175 million scientific abstracts, manually checking the accuracy of frequency counts for every single academic abstract is unfeasible and hundred percent accuracy at capturing abstracts’ content might be elusive due to a small number of erroneous outlier cases in the raw data. Overall, however, we are confident that our frequency metrics are representative of word prevalence in academic content as illustrated by Figure 2 in the main manuscript, which shows the chronological prevalence in the SSORC corpus of several terms associated with different disciplines of scientific/academic knowledge. Factor analysis of frequency counts time series was carried out only after Bartlett’s test of sphericity and Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) test confirmed the suitability of the data for factor analysis. A single factor derived from the frequency counts time series of prejudice-denoting terms was extracted from each corpus (academic abstracts and news media content). The same procedure was applied for the terms denoting social justice discourse. A factor loading cutoff of 0.5 was used to ascribe terms to a factor. Chronbach alphas to determine if the resulting factors appeared coherent were extremely high (>0.95). The textual content of news and opinion articles from the outlets listed in Figure 5 of the main manuscript is available in the outlet's online domains and/or public cache repositories such as Google cache (https://webcache.googleusercontent.com), The Internet Wayback Machine (https://archive.org/web/web.php), and Common Crawl (https://commoncrawl.org). We used derived word frequency counts from original sources. Textual content included in our analysis is circumscribed to articles headlines and main body of text of the articles and does not include other article elements such as figure captions. Targeted textual content was located in HTML raw data using outlet specific xpath expressions. Tokens were lowercased prior to estimating frequency counts. To prevent outlets with sparse text content for a year from distorting aggregate frequency counts, we only include outlet frequency counts from years for which there is at least 1 million words of article content from an outlet.  Yearly frequency usage of a target word in an outlet in any given year was estimated by dividing the total number of occurrences of the target word in all articles of a given year by the number of all words in all articles of that year. This method of estimating frequency accounts for variable volume of total article output over time. The list of compressed files in this data set is listed next: -analysisScripts.rar contains the analysis scripts used in the main manuscript and raw data metrics -scholarlyArticlesContainingTargetWords.rar contains the IDs of each analyzed abstract in the SSORC corpus and the counts of target words and total words for each scholarly article -targetWordsInMediaArticlesCounts.rar contains counts of target words in news outlets articles as well as total counts of words in articles In a small percentage of news articles, outlet specific XPath expressions can fail to properly capture the content of the article due to the heterogeneity of HTML elements and CSS styling combinations with which articles text content is arranged in outlets online domains. As a result, the total and target word counts metrics for a small subset of articles might not be precise.  In a data analysis of millions of news articles, we cannot manually check the correctness of frequency counts for every single article and hundred percent accuracy at capturing articles’ content is elusive due to the small number of difficult to detect boundary cases such as incorrect HTML markup syntax in online domains. Overall however, we are confident that our frequency metrics are representative of word prevalence in print news media content (see Rozado, Al-Gharbi, and Halberstadt, “Prevalence of Prejudice-Denoting Words in News Media Discourse" for supporting evidence). 31/08/2022 Update: There is a new way to download the Semantic Scholar Open Research Corpus (see https://github.com/allenai/s2orc). This updated version states that the corpus contains 136M+ paper nodes. However, when I downloaded a previous version of the corpus in 2021 from http://s2-public-api-prod.us-west-2.elasticbeanstalk.com/corpus/download/ I counted 175M unique identifiers. The URL of the previous version of the corpus is no longer active, but it has been cached by the Internet Archive at https://web.archive.org/web/20201030131959/http://s2-public-api-prod.us-west-2.elasticbeanstalk.com/corpus/download/ I haven't had the time to look at the specific reason for the mismatch but perhaps the newer version of the corpus has cleaned a lot of noisy entries in the previous version which often contained entries with missing abstracts. Filtering out entries in low prevalence languages other than English might be another reason. In any case, Figure 2 of the main manuscript of this work (at https://www.nas.org/academic-questions/35/2/themes-in-academic-literature-prejudice-and-social-justice) should provide support for the validity of the frequency counts.

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2022View details →

Data for the article entitled "ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL CORRELATES, AND ENERGETIC CONSEQUENCES OF FITNESS MAXIMISATION ON DIFFERENT MIGRATORY BEHAVIOURS IN A LONG-LIVED SCAVENGER"

Data used in the statistical analyses of the article entitled "ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL CORRELATES, AND ENERGETIC CONSEQUENCES OF FITNESS MAXIMISATION ON DIFFERENT MIGRATORY BEHAVIOURS IN A LONG-LIVED SCAVENGER"

opencc-zeroJan 2022View details →

Little brown myotis social networks

Bats are a group of mammals well known for forming dynamic social groups. Studies of bat social structures are often based upon the frequency at which bats occupy the same roosts because observing bats directly is not always possible. However, it is not always clear how closely bats occupying the same roost associate with each other, obscuring whether associations result from social relationships or factors such as shared preferences for roosts. Our goal was to determine if bats cohabitating buildings were also found together inside roosts by using anti-collision technology for PIT tags, which enables simultaneous detection of multiple tags. We PIT-tagged 293 female little brown myotis (Myotis lucifugus) and installed antennas within two buildings used as maternity roosts in Yellowstone National Park. Antennas were positioned at roost entryways to generate cohabitation networks and along regions of attic ceilings in each building to generate intra-roost networks based on proximity of bats to each other. We found that intra-roost and cohabitation networks of buildings were significantly correlated, with the same bats tending to be linked in both networks, but that bats cohabitating the same building often roosted apart, leading to differing assessments of social structure. Cohabitation rates implied that bats associate with a greater number of their roost-mates than was supported by observations within the roost. This caused social networks built upon roost cohabitation rates to be denser, smaller in diameter, and contain nodes with higher average degree centrality. These results show that roost cohabitation does not reflect preference for roost-mates in little brown myotis, as is often inferred from similar studies, and that social network analyses based on cohabitation may provide misleading results.

opencc-zeroJan 2022View details →

The cost of noise: Stochastic punishment falls short of sustaining cooperation in social dilemma experiments

Identifying mechanisms able to sustain costly cooperation among self-interested agents is a central problem across social and biological sciences. One possible solution is peer punishment: when agents have an opportunity to sanction defectors, classical behavioral experiments suggest that cooperation can take root. Overlooked from standard experimental designs, however, is the fact that real-world human punishment---the administration of justice---is intrinsically noisy. Here we show that stochastic punishment falls short of sustaining cooperation in the repeated public good game. As punishment noise increases, we find that contributions decrease and punishment efforts intensify, resulting in a 45% drop in gains compared to a noiseless control. Moreover, we observe that uncertainty causes a rise in antisocial punishment, a mutually harmful behavior previously associated with societies with a weak rule of law. Our approach brings to light challenges to cooperation that cannot be explained by economic rationality and strengthens the case for further investigations of the effect of noise---and not just bias---on human behavior.

openmpl-2.0Apr 2021View details →

Proxemics and Social Interactions in an Instrumented Virtual Reality Workshop

Supplemental code and dataset for the <a href="https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445729">ACM CHI 2021 paper on "Proxemics and Social Interactions in an Instrumented Virtual Reality Workshop"</a>. In this research paper we <a href="https://hubs.mozilla.com/">instrumented Mozilla Hubs Cloud</a> to record where participants were during the event. From there, we measured proxemic and plotted the activity along with some semi-structured interviews. Updates to the Hubs logger can be found in the <a href="https://github.com/ayman/hubs-research-acm-chi-2021/">repository</a>.