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FIGURES 57–65. Sabacon sergeidedicatum Martens, 1989 in The harvestmen fauna (Arachnida: Opiliones) of the Katunsky Biosphere Reserve and adjacent territories (South Siberia, Russia), with a description of a new species of Sabacon (Sabaconidae) and notes on Sabacon sergeidedicatum Martens, 1989

FIGURES 57–65. Sabacon sergeidedicatum Martens, 1989 (male 57–62, female 63: 57 Tomsk ISEA O.001.0274; 58–59 Shorsky National Park ISEA O.001.0255; 60 Khakassia ISEA O.001.0272; 61, 63 near Iogach ISEA O.001.0028; 62 Kazakhstan ISEA O.001.0279) and S. zateevi sp. nov. (64 male paratype ISEA O.001.0286; 65 female paratype ISEA O.001.0281): 57–62, 64 Male palpal coxae, retrolateral view; 63, 65 Female palpal coxae, retrolateral view. Scales: 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 45–56. Sabacon sergeidedicatum Martens, 1989 in The harvestmen fauna (Arachnida: Opiliones) of the Katunsky Biosphere Reserve and adjacent territories (South Siberia, Russia), with a description of a new species of Sabacon (Sabaconidae) and notes on Sabacon sergeidedicatum Martens, 1989

FIGURES 45–56. Sabacon sergeidedicatum Martens, 1989 (45–49, 51–55: 45, 51 Tomsk ISEA O.001.0274; 46, 52 Shorsky National Park ISEA O.001.0255; 47, 53 Khakassia ISEA O.001.0272; 48, 54 near Iogach ISEA O.001.0028; 49, 55 Kazakhstan ISEA O.001.0279) and S. zateevi sp. nov. (male paratype ISEA O.001.0286 50, 56): 45–50 Chelicera, retrolateral view; 51–56 Same, dorso-prolateral view. Scales: 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 22–27. Sabacon sergeidedicatum Martens, 1989 in The harvestmen fauna (Arachnida: Opiliones) of the Katunsky Biosphere Reserve and adjacent territories (South Siberia, Russia), with a description of a new species of Sabacon (Sabaconidae) and notes on Sabacon sergeidedicatum Martens, 1989

FIGURES 22–27. Sabacon sergeidedicatum Martens, 1989 (22–24) and S. zateevi sp. nov. (25–27, paratype from ISEA), scanning electron macrographs: 22, 25 Chelicera, retrolateral view; 23, 26 Palp, retrolateral view; 24, 27 Palpal patella, retrolatero-ventral view. Scales: 0.5 mm (22–23, 25–26), 0.1 (24, 27).

FIGURES 16–21 in The harvestmen fauna (Arachnida: Opiliones) of the Katunsky Biosphere Reserve and adjacent territories (South Siberia, Russia), with a description of a new species of Sabacon (Sabaconidae) and notes on Sabacon sergeidedicatum Martens, 1989

FIGURES 16–21. General appearances of Sabacon sergeidedicatum Martens, 1989 (16–17) and S. zateevi sp. nov. (18 Holotype, 19–21 paratypes): 16, 18–19 Males; 17, 20–21 Females. Scales: 1 mm.

FIGURES 11–15. Liropilio stukanovi Gritsenko, 1979 in The harvestmen fauna (Arachnida: Opiliones) of the Katunsky Biosphere Reserve and adjacent territories (South Siberia, Russia), with a description of a new species of Sabacon (Sabaconidae) and notes on Sabacon sergeidedicatum Martens, 1989

FIGURES 11–15. Liropilio stukanovi Gritsenko, 1979, SEM micrographs (11–13): 11, 14 Penis, dorsal view; 12, 15 Same, lateral view; 13 Glans and apical part, dorsal view. Scales: 1mm (11–12, 14–15), 0.1 mm (13).

FIGURES 1–4 in The harvestmen fauna (Arachnida: Opiliones) of the Katunsky Biosphere Reserve and adjacent territories (South Siberia, Russia), with a description of a new species of Sabacon (Sabaconidae) and notes on Sabacon sergeidedicatum Martens, 1989

FIGURES 1–4. General appearances of the female of Homolophus nordenskioeldi (C.L. Koch, 1879) (1) and the male of Liropilio stukanovi Gritsenko, 1979 (2–4): 1–2 Live specimens; 3–4 Ethanol-preserved specimens, 3 Dorsal view, 4 Lateral view. Scales: 1 mm (3–4).

FIGURES 34–44. Sabacon sergeidedicatum Martens, 1989 in The harvestmen fauna (Arachnida: Opiliones) of the Katunsky Biosphere Reserve and adjacent territories (South Siberia, Russia), with a description of a new species of Sabacon (Sabaconidae) and notes on Sabacon sergeidedicatum Martens, 1989

FIGURES 34–44. Sabacon sergeidedicatum Martens, 1989 (34–40: 34–36 Shorsky National Park; 37 Khakassia ISEA O.001.0272; 38 near Iogach ISEA O.001.0028; 39 Kazakhstan ISEA O.001.0279; 40 Tomsk ISEA O.001.0274) and S. zateevi sp. nov. (male Holotype 41–42 and male paratype ISEA O.001.0286 43–44): 34, 36–40, 41, 43 Penis, dorsal view; 35, 42, 44 Same, lateral view; Scales: 1 mm.

FIGURES 28–33. Sabacon sergeidedicatum Martens, 1989 in The harvestmen fauna (Arachnida: Opiliones) of the Katunsky Biosphere Reserve and adjacent territories (South Siberia, Russia), with a description of a new species of Sabacon (Sabaconidae) and notes on Sabacon sergeidedicatum Martens, 1989

FIGURES 28–33. Sabacon sergeidedicatum Martens, 1989 (28–30) and S. zateevi sp. nov. (paratype from ISEA, 31–33), SEM micrographs: 28, 31 Male palpal coxae, retrolateral view; 29, 32 Glans penis, dorsal view, 30, 33 Same, lateral view. Scales: 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 5–10. Liropilio stukanovi Gritsenko, 1979 in The harvestmen fauna (Arachnida: Opiliones) of the Katunsky Biosphere Reserve and adjacent territories (South Siberia, Russia), with a description of a new species of Sabacon (Sabaconidae) and notes on Sabacon sergeidedicatum Martens, 1989

FIGURES 5–10. Liropilio stukanovi Gritsenko, 1979, SEM micrographs: 5 Chelicera, prolateral view; 6 Same, retrolateral view; 7 Palp, prolateral view; 8 Same, retrolateral view; 9 Palpal femur, prolateral view; 10 Same, retrolateral view. Scales: 1mm.

FIGURES 66–71. Sabacon sergeididicatum Martens, 1989 in The harvestmen fauna (Arachnida: Opiliones) of the Katunsky Biosphere Reserve and adjacent territories (South Siberia, Russia), with a description of a new species of Sabacon (Sabaconidae) and notes on Sabacon sergeidedicatum Martens, 1989

FIGURES 66–71. Sabacon sergeididicatum Martens, 1989 (66–68) and S. zateevi sp. nov. (female paratype ISEA O.001.0281 69–71): 66, 69 Female chelicera, retrolateral view; 67, 70 Same, dorso-prolateral view; 68, 71 Ovipositor, ventral view. Scales: 0.5 mm (66–67, 69–70), 0.1 mm (68, 71).

opencc-zeroDec 2013View details →

Data from: A framework for analysing colour pattern geometry: adjacent colours

The analysis of colour pattern geometry is not as well advanced as the analysis of colour, although this reflects a lack of an analytical framework. The present study proposes an approach based on a consideration of which colours are adjacent to each other. Both vertebrate and invertebrate eyes do not take static images of the world but move across the field of view. As a consequence, the eye takes transects across the field of view responding to the colours and luminances within patches and to the colour and/or luminance transitions between patches. The framework and methods suggested here are based upon transects across colour patterns and make it possible to estimate colour pattern parameters that capture not only the relative areas of each patch class, but also the relative frequencies of colour/luminance transitions or adjacency. This allows tests of new hypotheses about colour patterns at the same time as including colour, pattern, and texture. Eleven groups of predictions are made with respect to the often conflicting needs of communication with conspecifics, avoiding predation, and finding food. New phenomena may be discovered as a result of these methods and predictions. For example, certain colour transitions may be used for species recognition even though the same colours are used by all species.

opencc-zeroDec 2014View details →

Data from: Response of non-grassland avian guilds to adjacent herbaceous field buffers: testing hypotheses about configuration of targeted conservation practices in agricultural landscapes

1. A substantial part of the world's land base is dominated by agriculture, and forest habitat often consists of discrete patches of forest and linear woody corridors. These natural components provide habitat for some forest birds, but make conservation of these species difficult. In-field practices applied outside forest patches, such as specific juxtapositions of herbaceous field buffers adjacent to forest habitat, could increase avian diversity contributions of existing forest without creation of additional forest habitat. Our prediction was that herbaceous field buffers would increase bird richness in adjacent forest, and we evaluated four potential mechanisms. 2. We used bird count data from a conservation buffer monitoring program and hierarchical community models to estimate species richness of forest generalist, forest interior, and shrubland (edge) species near forest edges with and without adjacent herbaceous field buffers. We accounted for heterogeneity in detection probabilities and forest cover in surrounding landscapes when estimating species- and guild-level responses. 3. Consistent with the drift fence hypothesis, adjacent herbaceous buffers were associated with a modest increase in richness of forest interior birds in woody corridors, but not in forest blocks. Consistent with resource complementation, adjacent herbaceous buffers were associated with modest increases in richness of shrubland (edge) birds in both woody corridors and forest blocks. 4. Across all species and guilds, adjacent buffers generally associated with greater abundance (e.g. 28 of 39 species), but these increases were also relatively small and highly variable (i.e. overlapping 95% credible intervals). Corroborating existing research, effects of adjacent herbaceous buffers are likely real, but neither pervasive nor strong. 5. Synthesis and applications. Conservation practices targeted to grassland species often produce measurable conservation benefits for target species. However, biodiversity return for investment would be further increased if targeted practices could be deployed in ways that also produce benefits for non-target species in adjacent habitats. Our results suggest that additional benefits for non-target species using adjacent forest habitat are likely to be modest, so conservation planning should focus on species targeted by the conservation practices and avoidance of potential negative impacts on those species when positive benefits to adjacent habitat are weak or lacking.

opencc-zeroDec 2012View details →

Data from: The curious case of Hermodice carunculata (Annelida: Amphinomidae): evidence for genetic homogeneity throughout the Atlantic Ocean and adjacent basins

Over the last few decades, advances in molecular techniques have led to the detection of strong geographic population structure and cryptic speciation in many benthic marine taxa, even those with long-lived pelagic larval stages. Polychaete annelids, in particular, generally show a high degree of population divergence, especially in mitochondrial genes. Rarely have molecular studies confirmed the presence of 'cosmopolitan' species. The amphinomid polychaete Hermodice carunculata was long considered the sole species within its genus, with a reported distribution throughout the Atlantic and adjacent basins. However, recent studies have indicated morphological differences, primarily in the number of branchial filaments, between the East and West Atlantic populations; these differences were invoked to re-instate Hermodice nigrolineata, formerly considered a junior synonym of H. carunculata. We utilized sequence data from two mitochondrial (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, 16S rDNA) markers and one nuclear (internal transcribed spacer) marker to examine the genetic diversity of Hermodice throughout its distribution range in the Atlantic Ocean, including the Mediterranean Sea, the Caribbean Sea, the Gulf of Mexico and the Gulf of Guinea. Our analyses revealed generally low genetic divergences among collecting localities and between the East and West Atlantic, although phylogenetic trees based on mitochondrial data indicate the presence of a private lineage in the Mediterranean Sea. A re-evaluation of the number of branchial filaments confirmed differences between East and West Atlantic populations; however, the differences were not diagnostic and did not reflect the observed genetic population structure. Rather, we suspect that the number of branchial filaments is a function of oxygen saturation in the environment. Our results do not support the distinction between H. carunculata in the West Atlantic and H. nigrolineata in the East Atlantic. Instead, they re-affirm the older notion that H. carunculata is a cohesive species with a broad distribution across the Atlantic Ocean.

opencc-zeroDec 2017View details →

Data from: Wildflower strips enhance pollination in adjacent strawberry crops at the small scale

Wildflower strips (WFS) are increasingly used to counteract the negative consequences of agricultural intensification. To date, it is poorly understood how WFS promote flower visitation and pollination services in nearby insect-pollinated crops. We therefore ask whether WFS enhance pollination service in adjacent strawberry crops, and how such an effect depends on the distance from WFS. Over two years we examined the effects of experimentally sown WFS compared to grassy strips on pollination services in adjacent strawberry (Fragaria ananassa) crops across a total of 19 study sites. Moreover, we examined flower visitation, species richness and community composition of the most important insect pollinator taxa at different within-field locations varying in distance to WFS. We found increased pollination services at the edge of WFS compared to locally reduced pollination services at the centre, which resulted in no significant difference in seed set between WFS and control fields. Total flower visits and species richness of pollinators were higher in WFS than in adjacent strawberry fields. Moreover, wild bee visitation was enhanced in adjacent strawberry crops near WFS compared to field centres, and intermediate at field edges near grassy strips. Our study demonstrates that diverse WFS can increase wild bee visitation and pollination services in the field edges of adjacent strawberry crops, but that overall visitation and pollination services do not increase. Moreover, our findings show that major pollinator taxa exhibit distinct responses, resulting in a shift of pollinator community composition as a function of distance to WFS with direct effects on crop pollination. Our results that WFS enhance rather than reduce crop pollination services near WFS should distract possible concerns by farmers that WFS may locally absorb rather than export crop pollinators. Considering the spatial restricted enhancement of wild bees and associated pollination services we suggest to establish WFS in the centre of crop fields.

FIGURES 14–20 in On the Oxypoda species of Turkey and adjacent regions. II. Three new species, additional records, and a checklist (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae)

FIGURES 14–20. Oxypoda pontica sp. n.: 14—male sternite VIII; 15—female sternite VIII; 16—female tergite VIII; 17—paramere; 18—apical part of paramere; 19—spermatheca; 20—capsule of spermatheca. Scale bars: 14–16: 0.2 mm; 17–20: 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 3 in On the Oxypoda species of Turkey and adjacent regions. II. Three new species, additional records, and a checklist (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae)

FIGURE 3. Distributions of Oxypoda vicina Kraatz (filled circles) and O. pontica, sp. n. (open circles) in Turkey.

FIGURE 2 in On the Oxypoda species of Turkey and adjacent regions. II. Three new species, additional records, and a checklist (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae)

FIGURE 2. Distributions of Oxypoda abdominalis (Mannerheim) (filled circles) and O. aydinica, sp. n. (open circle) in Turkey.

FIGURE 1 in On the Oxypoda species of Turkey and adjacent regions. II. Three new species, additional records, and a checklist (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae)

FIGURE 1. Distributions of Oxypoda antennata Bernhauer (filled circles;?: unidentified type locality of the synonym O. lindbergi Scheerpeltz in the eastern Van lake area), O. fissa Assing (open circles), and O. acutissima Assing (squares) in Turkey.

FIGURES 21–30 in On the Oxypoda species of Turkey and adjacent regions. II. Three new species, additional records, and a checklist (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae)

FIGURES 21–30. Oxypoda aydinica sp. n.: 21—habitus; 22—forebody; 23—head in lateral view; 24—antenna; 25— abdomen; 26–27—median lobe of aedeagus in lateral and in ventral view; 28–29—apex of median lobe in ventral view; 30—apical lobe of paramere. Scale bars: 21: 1.0 mm; 22, 25: 0.5 mm; 23–24: 0.2 mm; 26–30: 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 4–13 in On the Oxypoda species of Turkey and adjacent regions. II. Three new species, additional records, and a checklist (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae)

FIGURES 4–13. Oxypoda pontica sp. n.: 4—habitus; 5—forebody; 6—head in lateral view; 7—antenna; 8—abdomen; 9—male tergite VIII; 10–12—median lobe of aedeagus in lateral and in ventral view; 13—apex of median lobe in ventral view. Scale bars: 4: 1.0 mm; 5, 8: 0.5 mm; 6–7, 9: 0.2 mm; 10–13: 0.1 mm.