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12,871 results for “aging;”
Data set for the article titled hypertension affects the treatment of wet age-related macular degeneration
<p>This is concise data set for the article titled Hypertension affects the treatment of wet age-related macular degeneration</p>
The effects of age on the demography of a perennial plant depend on interactions with size and environment
<p>Age-dependence of the demographic rates survival, fecundity and individual growth is a fundamental aspect of population biological theory. Knowledge about plant ageing can also be important for conservation and agriculture as it will improve the accuracy of population viability assessments and long-term performance assessments in perennial crops. Recent studies show age effects on demographic rates for several plant species, yet much remains to be learned about the patterns and mechanisms of plant ageing, particularly about how age effects interact with the environment and with plant size.</p> <p>We collected age-and-size-based demographic data, as well as individual-based environmental data, for the perennial herb Plantago lanceolata in Denmark over three annual transitions (four years). We combined frequent field monitoring of carefully mapped individuals with the underused technique of root histology to determine age of herbaceous plants. We used generalized linear mixed effects models to assess how age, soil properties, and year influenced survival, growth, and reproduction.</p> <p>Our results show no strong evidence of consistent age declines, rather, we found mostly positive effects of age on vital rates. For all vital rates, i.e. survival, growth, flowering, and reproductive output, age effects also differed significantly among years. Additionally, we detected an interactive effect of age and size in the growth model. Size, and temporal and spatial environmental variation also affected vital rates independently of age.</p> <p>Synthesis: Our study shows that age-dependence of demographic rates can depend both on individual size and environmental variation. These results suggest that a consideration of potential age-interactions may improve the accuracy of comparative studies of ageing and population projections. Moreover, this study shows that much is still unknown about how plant ageing can be affected by the environment, and illustrates how age determination using herb chronology provides an opportunity to increase our knowledge about ageing in herbaceous plants.</p>
Data from: Trade-offs between age-related breeding improvement and survival senescence in highly polygynous elephant seals: dominant males always do better
<ol> <li>Life history trade-off theory predicts that current reproduction can negatively affect survival and future reproduction. Few studies have assessed breeding costs for males of polygynous species compared to females, despite substantial variation in breeding success among individual males (e.g. subordinate <i>cf</i>. dominant breeders). Specifically, differentiating between the cost of attending breeding seasons, and the additional cost of successfully securing and mating females is lacking.</li> <li>We investigated whether trade-offs are present in the highly polygynous male southern elephant seal (<i>Mirounga leonina</i>) using 34-years of individual-level data. We compare age-specific survival, recruitment and future breeding success probabilities of pre-breeders (males yet to recruit) and breeders (subordinate and dominant social ranks) using multievent models.</li> <li>Pre-breeders and breeders of overlapping ages had similar survival probabilities, suggesting that there was no attendance cost for early recruits. In addition, the probability of recruiting as a dominant breeder never exceeded recruitment probability as a subordinate breeder of the same age. Therefore, older pre-breeders that delayed attendance costs generally did not improve their breeding success (probability of being dominant) at recruitment more than younger recruits. Rather, recruitment age may be a function of individual quality, with lower quality individuals requiring more time to socially mature.</li> <li>When comparing subordinate and dominant breeders, we found clear evidence for survival senescence, with subordinate breeders having a higher baseline mortality. In contrast, age-specific future breeding success (probability of being dominant at <i>t</i>+1) increased with age, with dominant breeders maintaining higher subsequent breeding success than subordinate breeders.</li> <li>The opposite trends in survival and future breeding success for both subordinate and dominant breeders may indicate a lifetime, population-level trade-off. However, we found no evidence to suggest that being a dominant breeder consecutively (and having a higher accumulated breeding cost) accelerated the rate of senescence when compared to individuals that were previously subordinate.</li> <li>Thus, males experienced actuarial senescence regardless of social rank, with dominant (and possibly high quality) breeders showing a reduced trade-off between survival and future breeding success. We make several novel contributions to understanding polygynous male life histories and southern elephant seal demography.</li> </ol>
Single-cell repertoire and transcriptome sequencing reveals clonally expanded and transcriptionally distinct lymphocytes in aged CNS
<p>Single-cell repertoire and transcriptome sequencing reveals clonally expanded and transcriptionally distinct lymphocytes in aged CNS. Gene expression and immune receptor repertoire sequencing was performing for both B and T cells. This dataset contains the VDJ sequencing information for the four samples. Each B cell and T cell library was sequenced across four lanes. </p> <p> </p> <p>Files with _WT_ in their name correspond to the young (4-6 week B6 mice) </p> <p>Files with _12_ in their name before the BDJ or VDJ text correspond to the 12-month-old cohort.</p> <p>Files with _18_ in their name before the BDJ or VDJ text correspond to the 18-month-old cohort in which four brains were pooled.</p> <p>Files with 4_18_ in their name before the BDJ or VDJ text correspond to the 18-month-old mouse that was processed and sequenced alone. </p> <p> </p> <p>The L001 - L004 in the file names indicates the sequencing lane. Samples with BDJ correspond to the B cell repertoire library (B cell VDJ). Samples with TDJ correspond to the T cell repertoire library (T cell VDJ). </p>
Computistical objects and intellectual networks in the Carolingian age
<p>Roughly 400 manuscripts written in the Carolingian period (pre-AD 900) contain a considerable corpus of calendrical knowledge. In most manuscripts, this material amounts to a loosely structured compilation of tables, diagrams, definitions, and algorithms. What is the nightmare of modern cataloguers provides the researcher of intellectual networks with a significant sample size of (often datable) data. The first step is to design a methodology for classifying this data, which is done by providing each item with an unambiguous identifier (termed ‘object oriented cataloguing’). This creates a data set of c. 4000 objects. If network analysis is applied to this data set, this reveals datable patterns for the transmission of ideas and the construction of intellectual networks in the Carolingian age.</p>
In-house 3-D printed aligners: effect of in vivo ageing on mechanical properties
<p>Dataset for all analyses in the paper.</p>
Gyro-kinematic ages for Kepler stars
<p>Gyro-kinematic agse for Keplers stars with measured rotaiton periods (<a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/d7f16f8f-ad9b-46cb-a098-c1dea37725b7/Gyrokinage2020_Prot.csv">Gyrokinage2020_Prot.csv</a>) and all other dwarf stars (<a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/d7f16f8f-ad9b-46cb-a098-c1dea37725b7/Gyrokinage2020_All.csv">Gyrokinage2020_All.csv</a>)</p>
FIG. 5 in Feasting among Venda-speakers of South Africa: the Late Iron Age fauna from Mutokolwe
FIG. 5. — Bovid skeletal part representation (NISP).
FIG. 4 in Feasting among Venda-speakers of South Africa: the Late Iron Age fauna from Mutokolwe
FIG. 4. — An example of a complete cattle metacarpal from Mutokolwe. Scalebar: 10 cm.
Data from: Sleep, inflammation, and cognitive behavior of aged wild-type mice subjected to diffuse brain injury and aged 3xTg-AD mice as a model of Alzheimer's disease
<p>Identifying differential responses between sexes following traumatic brain injury (TBI) can elucidate the mechanisms behind disease pathology. Peripheral and central inflammation in the pathophysiology of TBI can increase sleep in male rodents, but this remains untested in females. We hypothesized that diffuse TBI would increase inflammation and sleep in males more so than in females. Diffuse TBI was induced in C57BL/6J mice and serial blood samples were collected (baseline, 1, 5, 7 days post‐injury [DPI]) to quantify peripheral immune cell populations and sleep regulatory cytokines. Brains and spleens were harvested at 7DPI to quantify central and peripheral immune cells, respectively. Mixed‐effects regression models were used for data analysis. Female TBI mice had 77%–124% higher IL‐6 levels than male TBI mice at 1 and 5DPI, whereas IL‐1β and TNF‐α levels were similar between sexes at all timepoints. Despite baseline sex differences in blood‐measured Ly6Chigh monocytes (females had 40% more than males), TBI reduced monocytes by 67% in TBI mice at 1DPI. Male TBI mice had 31%–33% more blood‐measured and 31% more spleen‐measured Ly6G+ neutrophils than female TBI mice at 1 and 5DPI, and 7DPI, respectively. Compared with sham, TBI increased sleep in both sexes during the first light and dark cycles. Male TBI mice slept 11%–17% more than female TBI mice, depending on the cycle. Thus, sex and TBI interactions may alter the peripheral inflammation profile and sleep patterns, which might explain discrepancies in disease progression based on sex.</p>
Dataset of 40Ar/39Ar ages from the Canary Islands_Esfinge y Tamaraceite (Gran Canaria)
<p>Lava dating by means of Ar / Ar radiometric analysis performed by the University of Oregon de La Esfinge y Tamaraceite (Gran Canaria, Canary Islands)</p>
Physiological costs and age constraints of a sexual ornament: an experimental study in a wild bird
Sexual ornaments are often considered honest signals of quality because potential costs or constraints prevent their display by low-quality individuals. Testing for potential physiological costs of ornaments is difficult, as this requires experimentally forcing individuals to produce and display elaborate ornaments. We use this approach to test whether a sexually selected trait is physiologically costly to male superb fairy-wrens (Malurus cyaneus). Male fairy-wrens moult from brown to blue breeding plumage at different times of the year, and females strongly prefer the few males that are blue early, during winter. We used short-acting testosterone implants to stimulate males to produce 'early-blue' plumage and assessed costs during and after moult using a panel of physiological indices. Testosterone-implanted, T-males moulted in winter and produced blue plumage six weeks before control-implanted, C-males. T-males moulted while in lower body condition, had lower fat reserves, and were more likely to be parasitised by lice. However, we detected no negative effects on immune function, blood parasites, exposure to stressors, or survival. Juvenile males never naturally display early-blue plumage, but we found no evidence for increased costs paid by juvenile T-males. Instead, juvenile T-males moulted later than adult T-males, suggesting that age presents an absolute constraint on ornament exaggeration that cannot be fully overcome by testosterone treatment. Together, these small costs and large, age-related constraints may enforce signal honesty, and explain female preference for early-blue males.
Age predicts risky investment better than residual reproductive value
Life-history theory predicts that investment into reproduction should increase as future reproductive opportunities (i.e., residual reproductive value, RRV) decrease. Researchers have thus intuitively used age as a proxy for RRV and assume RRV decreases with age when interpreting age-specific investment. Yet, age is an imperfect proxy for RRV and may even be a poor correlate in some systems. We used a 30-year study of the nesting ecology of painted turtles ( Chrysemys picta ) to assess how age and RRV compare in explaining variation in a risky investment behavior. We predicted that RRV would be a better predictor of risky investment than age because RRV accounts for variation in future reproductive potential across life. We found that RRV was high in early life, slowly decreased until midlife, and then steadily decreased to terminal reproduction. However, age predicted risky behavior better than RRV. This finding suggests stronger correlates of age (e.g., size) may be more responsible for this behavior in turtles. This study highlights that researchers should not assume that age-specific investment is driven by RRV and that future work should quantify RRV to more directly test this key element of life-history theory.
Model Age Derivation of Large Martian Impact Craters, using automatic crater counting methods / Dataset
<ul> <li>"counting_area" folder: shapefiles of the mapped ejecta layers considered in this study</li> <li>"scc" folder: .scc files readable on CraterStats listing the size and location of craters detected by our CDA and recognized as primaries by the ASCI. The counting area considered for each crater slightly vary from the area indicated in the shapefile due to the removal of Thiessen polygons associated to secondary craters by the ASCI.</li> </ul> <p>The ASCI code and toolbox implementable to ESRI ArcGIS (10.6) is discoverable here: https://github.com/curtin-crater-detection/secondary-crater-removal<br> </p>
Pathogen dynamics across the diversity of ageing
<p>Reproduction, mortality and immune function often change with age, but do not invariably deteriorate. Across the tree of life, there is extensive variation in age-specific performance and changes to key life-history traits. These changes occur on a spectrum from classic senescence, where performance declines with age, to juvenescence, where performance improves with age. Reproduction, mortality and immune function are also important factors influencing the spread of infectious disease, yet there exists no comprehensive investigation into how the ageing spectrum of these traits impacts epidemics.We used a model laboratory infection system to compile an ageing profile of a single organism, including traits directly linked to pathogen resistance, and those that should indirectly alter pathogen transmission by influencing demography. We then developed generalizable epidemiological models demonstrating that different patterns of ageing produce dramatically different transmission landscapes: in many cases ageing can reduce the probability of epidemics, but it can also promote severity. This work provides context and tools for use across taxa by empiricists, demographers and epidemiologists, advancing our ability to accurately predict factors contributing to epidemics, or the potential repercussions of senescence manipulation.</p>
Heterogeneous genetic basis of age at maturity in salmonid fishes
<p>Understanding the genetic basis of repeated evolution of the same phenotype across taxa is a fundamental aim in evolutionary biology and has applications to conservation and management. However, the extent to which interspecific life-history trait polymorphisms share evolutionary pathways remains under-explored. We address this gap by studying the genetic basis of a key life-history trait, age at maturity, in four species of Pacific salmon (genus <i>Oncorhynchus</i>) that exhibit intra- and interspecific variation in this trait – Chinook Salmon, Coho Salmon, Sockeye Salmon, and Steelhead Trout. We tested for associations in all four species between age at maturity and two genome regions, <i>six6 </i>and <i>vgll3</i>, that are strongly associated with the same trait in Atlantic Salmon (<i>Salmo salar</i>). We also conducted a genome-wide association analysis in Steelhead to assess whether additional regions were associated with this trait. We found the genetic basis of age at maturity to be heterogeneous across salmonid species. Significant associations between <i>six6 </i>and age at maturity were observed in two of the four species, Sockeye and Steelhead, with the association in Steelhead being particularly strong in both sexes (p = 4.46x10<sup>-9</sup> after adjusting for genomic inflation). However, no significant associations were detected between age at maturity and the <i>vgll3 </i>genome region in any of the species, despite its strong association with the same trait in Atlantic Salmon. We discuss possible explanations for the heterogeneous nature of the genetic architecture of this key life-history trait, as well as the implications of our findings for conservation and management.</p>
Supplementary data for the article: Parental age does not influence offspring telomeres during early life in common gulls (Larus canus)
<p>R code and data for generating supplementary figures and tables for the article "Parental age does not influence offspring telomeres during early life in common gulls (Larus canus)"</p>
Rapamycin rejuvenates oral health in aging mice
<p>Periodontal disease is an age-associated disorder clinically defined by periodontal bone loss, inflammation of the specialized tissues that surround and support the tooth, and microbiome dysbiosis. Currently, there is no therapy for reversing periodontal disease, and treatment is generally restricted to preventive measures or tooth extraction. The FDA-approved drug rapamycin slows aging and extends lifespan in multiple organisms, including mice. Here we demonstrate that short-term treatment with rapamycin rejuvenates the aged oral cavity of elderly mice, including regeneration of periodontal bone, attenuation of gingival and periodontal bone inflammation, and revertive shift of the oral microbiome toward a more youthful composition. This provides a geroscience strategy to potentially rejuvenate oral health and reverse periodontal disease in the elderly.</p>
Data from: Experience counts: the role of female age in morning incubation and brooding behavior in relation to temperature
<p>Reproductive experience can impact how individuals allocate time and energy to reproduction and generate differences in reproductive behavior that leads to experience dependent variation in reproductive success. In order to understand if individual variation in parental behavior is related to environmental temperature and breeding experience, we observed the timing and duration of the first morning off bout in a wild, open cup nesting passerine bird during the incubation and early nestling period. We compared incubation behaviors and nest temperature of inexperienced (second year = first breeding season) and experienced (after second year) female hooded warblers <i>Setophaga citrina</i>. Females left the nest earlier on colder mornings suggesting an energetic constraint due to the long overnight on bout during colder temperatures. During incubation, females increased the duration of the first morning off bout with increasing temperature. Similarly, during the early nestling period, experienced females had shorter off bout duration on colder mornings and increased duration with warmer temperatures. In contrast, inexperienced females increased off bout duration with colder morning temperatures. Experienced females maintained higher nest temperatures and higher minimum nest temperatures compared to inexperienced females. We also found evidence that experienced females nested in microhabitats with higher minimum morning temperature which may buffer older females from colder daily extremes and enable older females to maintain higher nest temperatures. While we found no relationship between incubation and brooding behaviors and fledging success, the proportion of the clutch that hatched was positively related to minimum nest temperature. The ability of experienced females to maintain higher minimum nest temperatures and to adjust brooding behaviors during colder mornings is a potential mechanism that has consequences for nestling condition in a wild population. Our results highlight the need to examine experience related parental care behaviors in responding to environmental variation.</p>
Data from: Context-dependent expression of the foraging gene in field colonies of ants: the interacting roles of age, environment and task
Task allocation among social insect workers is an ideal framework for studying the molecular mechanisms underlying behavioural plasticity because workers of similar genotype adopt different behavioural phenotypes. Elegant laboratory studies have pioneered this effort, but field studies involving the genetic regulation of task allocation are rare. Here, we investigate the expression of the foraging gene in harvester ant workers from five age- and task-related groups in a natural population, and we experimentally test how exposure to light affects foraging expression in brood workers and foragers. Results from our field study show that the regulation of the foraging gene in harvester ants occurs at two time scales: levels of foraging mRNA are associated with ontogenetic changes over weeks in worker age, location and task, and there are significant daily oscillations in foraging expression in foragers. The temporal dissection of foraging expression reveals that gene expression changes in foragers occur across a scale of hours and the level of expression is predicted by activity rhythms: foragers have high levels of foraging mRNA during daylight hours when they are most active outside the nests. In the experimental study, we find complex interactions in foraging expression between task behaviour and light exposure. Oscillations occur in foragers following experimental exposure to 13 L : 11 D (LD) conditions, but not in brood workers under similar conditions. No significant differences were seen in foraging expression over time in either task in 24 h dark (DD) conditions. Interestingly, the expression of foraging in both undisturbed field and experimentally treated foragers is also significantly correlated with the expression of the circadian clock gene, cycle. Our results provide evidence that the regulation of this gene is context-dependent and associated with both ontogenetic and daily behavioural plasticity in field colonies of harvester ants. Our results underscore the importance of assaying temporal patterns in behavioural gene expression and suggest that gene regulation is an integral mechanism associated with behavioural plasticity in harvester ants.
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.