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Olfactory receptor alignments for: Ecological constraints on highly evolvable olfactory receptor genes and morphology in neotropical bats
<p>While evolvability of genes and traits may promote specialization during species diversification, how ecology subsequently restricts such variation remains unclear. Chemosensation requires animals to decipher a complex chemical background to locate fitness-related resources, and thus the underlying genomic architecture and morphology must cope with constant exposure to a changing odorant landscape; detecting adaptation amidst extensive chemosensory diversity is an open challenge. In phyllostomid bats, an ecologically diverse clade that evolved plant-visiting from an insectivorous ancestor, the evolution of novel food detection mechanisms is suggested to be a key innovation, as plant-visiting species rely strongly on olfaction, supplementarily using echolocation. If this is true, exceptional variation in underlying olfactory genes and phenotypes may have preceded dietary diversification. We compared olfactory receptor (OR) genes sequenced from olfactory epithelium transcriptomes and olfactory epithelium surface area of bats with differing diets. Surprisingly, although OR evolution rates were quite variable and generally high, they are largely independent of diet. Olfactory epithelial surface area, however, is relatively larger in plant-visiting bats and there is an inverse relationship between OR evolution rates and surface area. Relatively larger surface areas suggest greater reliance on olfactory detection and stronger constraint on maintaining an already diverse OR repertoire. Instead of the typical case in which specialization and elaboration are coupled with rapid diversification of associated genes, here the relevant genes are already evolving so quickly that increased reliance on smell has led to stabilizing selection, presumably to maintain the ability to consistently discriminate among specific odorants — a potential ecological constraint on sensory evolution.</p>
Supporting data (cave length, area and volume) - Bats as ecosystem engineers in iron ore caves in the Carajás National Forest, Brazilian Amazonia
<p>Supporting data for the manuscript "Bats as ecosystem engineers in iron ore caves in the Carajás National Forest, Brazilian Amazonia", in PLOS ONE. Cave length (PH: horizontal projection, in meters), cave area (Área, in square meters) and cave volume (Volume, in cubic meters) for 1,309 caves in the Carajás National Forest area, Pará State, Brazilian Amazonia.</p>
Ecological determinants of rabies virus dynamics in vampire bats and spillover to livestock
<p>Data and scripts for the publication</p>
Temperature shifts associated with bat arousals during hibernation inhibit the growth of Pseudogymnoascus destructans
<p>Temperature is a critically important factor in many infectious disease systems because it can regulate responses in both the host and the pathogen. White-nose syndrome (WNS) in bats is a severe infectious disease caused by the temperature-sensitive fungus, Pseudogymnoascus destructans (Pd). One feature of WNS is an increase in the frequency of arousal bouts (i.e., when bat body temperatures are elevated) in Pd-infected bats during hibernation. While several studies have proposed that increased frequency of arousals may play a role in the pathophysiology of WNS, it is unknown if the temperature fluctuations might mediate Pd growth. We hypothesized that exposure to a high frequency of elevated temperatures would reduce Pd growth due to thermal constraints on the pathogen. We simulated the thermal conditions for arousal bouts of uninfected and infected bats during hibernation (fluctuating from 8 - 25 °C at two different rates) and quantified Pd growth in vitro. We found that increased exposure to high temperatures significantly reduced Pd growth. Because temperature is one of the most critical abiotic factors mediating host-pathogen interactions, resolving how Pd responds to fluctuating temperatures will provide insights for understanding WNS in bats and other fungal diseases.</p>
Single-cell transcriptome analysis of the in vivo response to viral infection in the cave nectar bat Eonycteris spelaea
<p>Bats are reservoir hosts of many zoonotic viruses with pandemic potential in humans. Here, we<br> utilized single-cell transcriptome sequencing (scRNA-seq) to provide detailed comparative<br> analyses of the immune repertoire and the transcriptional responses in the bat lungs upon in<br> vivo infection with a double-stranded RNA virus, Pteropine orthoreovirus PRV3M. Neutrophils<br> were observed to have basally high IDO1 expression, uniquely amongst mammals currently<br> profiled by scRNA-seq. NK/T cells were the most abundant immune cell type in lung tissue, and<br> included three distinct CD8 + effector T cell populations delineated by the differential expression<br> of KLRB1, GFRA2 and DPP4. We identified NK/T clusters which up-regulated genes involved in<br> T-cell activation and effector function early after viral infection. Alveolar macrophages and<br> classical monocytes were key drivers of antiviral interferon signaling. Infection also resulted in<br> the expansion of a CSF1R + population expressing collagen-like genes, which became the<br> predominant myeloid cell type after infection. This work uncovers novel features relevant to viral<br> disease tolerance in bats, lays a foundation for future in vivo and in vitro experimental<br> investigations, and serves as a key resource for comparative immunology studies across bats<br> and other mammals.</p> <p> </p> <p>This upload is the transcriptome fasta file used for alignment for the dataset.</p>
Figure 3 Microscope slide with the holotype ofMinteracarus mombasa n in A new genus and species of bat chiggers (Acariformes: Trombiculidae) from Kenya
Figure 3 Microscope slide with the holotype ofMinteracarus mombasa n. sp.
Figure 5 in Comparative morphology of tongue surface in Neotropical aerial insectivore bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera)
Figure 5. The tongue of Vespertilionoidea, family Natalidae, Natalus macrourus: (a) Apex covered by flaky-shaped filiform papillae; (b) Salience (arrow) on mid-dorsal region of the tongue; and (c) Posterior region of the tongue with three circumvallate papillae, one anterior (VA) and two posteriorly placed (VM) and pointed basal filiform papillae (B).
Figure 4 in Comparative morphology of tongue surface in Neotropical aerial insectivore bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera)
Figure 4. Tongues of Noctilionoidea, families Mormoopidae, Thyropteridae, and Furipteridae; (a) Oval and grooved fungiform (F) surrounded by crown filiform papillae (C) in Pteronotus rubiginosus; (b) Globular fungiform (F) surrounded by short and pointed strictly filiform papillae (FL) in Thyroptera wynneae; (c) Posterior region with large medial circumvallate with prominent sulcus (S) and surrounding integument (I), and triangular filiform papillae (T) in Furipterus horrens; and (d) Striclty filiform papillae at the apex in F. horrens.
Figure 3 in Comparative morphology of tongue surface in Neotropical aerial insectivore bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera)
Figure 3. Tongues of Emballonuridae (Emballonuroidea): (a) Circumvallate papillae (V) with the groove and surrounding incipient tegument and fungiform papillae (F) to the left of the circumvallate papillae in Peropteryx kappleri; (b) Lateral fungiform papillae (F) and low basal filiform papillae (B) in P. kappleri; (c) Strictly filiform papillae concentrically arranged at the middle region of the tongue in Rhynchonycteris naso; and (d) Bifid filiform tubular-shaped papillae at the apex in P. kappleri.
Figure 2 in Comparative morphology of tongue surface in Neotropical aerial insectivore bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera)
Figure 2. Types of lingual papillae observed in Neotropical aerial insectivore bats: (a) Circumvallate with remarkable sulcus and integument, surrounded by pointed basal filiform (arrows); (b) Fungiform with notable sulcus (arrow); (c) Bifid filiform; (d) Strictly filiform; (e) Flacky-like filiform, note the layered structure with dentate keratinous plates; (f) Giant filiform (center), note the bigger size than the surrounding papillae; (g) Digitiform filiform; (h) Crown-shaped filiform, note the bulbous base and delicate filamentous projections at the apical edge; (i) Scale-like filiform, note the rectangular-shaped and dorsally concave structure; and (j) Triangular filiform.
Figure 7 in Comparative morphology of tongue surface in Neotropical aerial insectivore bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera)
Figure 7. Constrained bat phylogeny and the fittest distribution of characters and their respective state (in parentheses).The coding of characters among the taxa is inTable 2.
Figure 1 in Comparative morphology of tongue surface in Neotropical aerial insectivore bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera)
Figure 1. Dorsal surface of the tongue showing the general division in three regions to facilitate the description and distribution of the papillae.
Figure 6 in Comparative morphology of tongue surface in Neotropical aerial insectivore bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera)
Figure 6. The tongue of Vespertilionoidea, family Vespertilionidae: (a) Posterior region of the tongue with a pair of circumvallate papillae (V) and the conical basal papillae (B) in Histiotus velatus. Note the naked central portion between circumvallate papillae and the glottis (G); (b) Middle portion of the tongue with remarkable salience covered by scale-like filiform papillae with large fungiform papillae in Eptesicus furinalis; (c) Circumvallate papilla, note the lobed surface of the papilla in Eptesicus brasiliensis; (d) Scale-like filiform papillae on the mid-dorsal salience in H. velatus.
Figure 1 in Bats (Mammalia, Chiroptera) from Yuscarán in Eastern Honduras: Conservation and acoustic characterization for the insectivorous species
Figure 1. Geographic location of the study sites in the Yuscarán Biological Reserve and Municipality of Yuscarán, Department of El Paraíso, Honduras, Central America. Geographic coordinates and other details are in Table 1.
Figure 4 in Bats (Mammalia, Chiroptera) from Yuscarán in Eastern Honduras: Conservation and acoustic characterization for the insectivorous species
Figure 4. Echolocation pulses of aerial insectivorous bats. Spectrograms (bottom) and oscillograms (top) correspond to search calls. X axis milliseconds (ms) and Y axis Kilohertz (kHz). Emballonuridae: (BPl) B. plicata, (PMA) P. macrotis; Molossidae: (MAL) M. alvarezi, (MNI) M. nigricans, (MMO) M. molossus. Mormoopidae: (PFU) P. fulvus, (PGY) P. gymnonotus, (PME) P. mesoamericanus, (PPS) P. psilotis. Vespertilionidae: (NIG) M. nigricans, (BRA) E. brasiliensis, (FUR) E. furinalis, (FUS) E. fuscus.
Figure 3 in Bats (Mammalia, Chiroptera) from Yuscarán in Eastern Honduras: Conservation and acoustic characterization for the insectivorous species
Figure 3. Part of the bat species captured with mist nets, in the Yuscarán Biological Reserve and Municipality of Yuscarán, Department of El Paraíso, Honduras, Central America. (A) M. megalophylla; (B) D. rotundus; (C) L. aurita; (D) P. discolor; (E) A. geoffroyi; (F) G. leachii; (G) G. mutica; (H) C. perspicillata; (I) A. jamaicensis; (J) A. lituratus; (K) C. salvini; (L) D. azteca; (M) D. phaeotis; (N) S. hondurensis; (O) S. parvidens; (P) E. fuscus. Photos: (C) D.J.M.Q.; (A-P) W.N.G.C.
Figure 2 in Bats (Mammalia, Chiroptera) from Yuscarán in Eastern Honduras: Conservation and acoustic characterization for the insectivorous species
Figure 2. Species accumulation curve using mist nets, in the Yuscarán Biological Reserve and Municipality of Yuscarán, Department of El Paraíso, Honduras, Central America.
Figure 5 in Phyllostomid bats distribution and richness gradient in a subtropical Brazilian state
Figure 5. Box plot showing that the species richness predicted for the Serra do Mar is larger than for any other ecoregion of the Santa Catarina. Box plots show medians (vertical line) and each box is bounded by the 25th and 75th percentiles.The horizontal lines extend to the 5th and 95th percentiles. Outliers are indicated by dots. *** p-value <0.001.
Figure 3. Potential distribution for 10 in Phyllostomid bats distribution and richness gradient in a subtropical Brazilian state
Figure 3. Potential distribution for 10 species of phyllostomid bats from Santa Catarina, southern Brazil, generated through the Maxent algorithm and bioclimatic variables.The climate suitability values range from 0 (gray regions on the map) to 1 (red regions on the map). Black dots indicate the ocurrence records used to build the models.
Figure 4 in Phyllostomid bats distribution and richness gradient in a subtropical Brazilian state
Figure 4. Phyllostomid bats richness gradient predicted for Santa Catarina, Southern Brazil, and its association with Protected Areas. The map was obtained by stacking maps of species potential distribution generated through the Maxent algorithm.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.