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FIG. 10 in Three new species of genus Russula Pers. from Sal dominated forests of tropical India based on morphotaxonomy and multigene phylogenetic analysis

FIG. 10. — Phylogram generated by Maximum Likelihood analysis based on nrITS sequence data of Russula shorae D.Chakr., A.Ghosh, K.Das & Buyck, sp. nov. and their allied species. Maximum Likelihood bootstrap support values (MLbs) ≥ 70% are shown on the left of "/" and Bayesian Posterior Probabilities (BPP) ≥ 0.95 are shown on the right above or below the branches at nodes. Russula shorae D.Chakr., A.Ghosh, K.Das & Buyck, sp. nov. is placed in red font to highlight their phylogenetic positions in the tree.

FIG. 1 in Three new species of genus Russula Pers. from Sal dominated forests of tropical India based on morphotaxonomy and multigene phylogenetic analysis

FIG. 1. — Distributional map and habitat of Russula boddingii Hembrom, D.Chakr., A.Ghosh & K.Das, sp. nov., R. pseudoflavida A.Ghosh, Hembrom, I.Bera & Buyck, sp. nov. and R. shoreae D.Chakr., A.Ghosh, K.Das & Buyck, sp. nov. in India.

FIG. 7 in Three new species of genus Russula Pers. from Sal dominated forests of tropical India based on morphotaxonomy and multigene phylogenetic analysis

FIG. 7. — Phylogram generated by Maximum Likelihood analysis based on nrITS sequence data of Russula pseudoflavida A.Ghosh, Hembrom, I.Bera & Buyck, sp. nov. and allied species. Maximum Likelihood bootstrap support values (MLbs) ≥ 70% are shown on the left of "/" and Bayesian Posterior Probabilities (BPP) ≥ 0.95 are shown on the right above or below the branches at nodes. Russula pseudoflavida A.Ghosh, Hembrom, I.Bera & Buyck, sp. nov. is placed in red font to highlight its phylogenetic position in the tree.

FIG. 12. — Russula shoreae D.Chakr., A.Ghosh, K in Three new species of genus Russula Pers. from Sal dominated forests of tropical India based on morphotaxonomy and multigene phylogenetic analysis

FIG. 12. — Russula shoreae D.Chakr., A.Ghosh, K.Das & Buyck, sp. nov. (from holotype): A, basidiospore; B, elements of the pileipellis near the pileus margin: hyphal terminations and pileocystidia; C, hymenial cystidia near the lamellae sides; D, basidia; E, hymenial cystidia near the lamellae edges; F, elements of the pileipellis near the pileus centre: hyphal terminations and pileocystidia. Scale bars: 10 µm.

FIG. 3 in Three new species of genus Russula Pers. from Sal dominated forests of tropical India based on morphotaxonomy and multigene phylogenetic analysis

FIG. 3. — Phylogram generated by Maximum Likelihood analysis based on combined sequence data of nrLSU, mtSSU and rpb2 for Russula boddingii Hembrom, D.Chakr., A.Ghosh & K.Das, sp. nov., R. pseudoflavida A.Ghosh, Hembrom, I.Bera & Buyck, sp. nov. and R. shoreae D.Chakr., A.Ghosh, K.Das & Buyck, sp. nov. and their allied species. Maximum Likelihood bootstrap support values (MLbs) ≥ 70% are shown on the left of "/" and Bayesian Posterior Probabilities (BPP) ≥ 0.95 are shown on the right above or below the branches at nodes. The new species are placed in red font to highlight their phylogenetic positions in the tree.

FIG. 5 in Three new species of genus Russula Pers. from Sal dominated forests of tropical India based on morphotaxonomy and multigene phylogenetic analysis

FIG. 5. — Russula boddingii Hembrom, D.Chakr., A.Ghosh & K.Das, sp. nov. (from holotype): A-D, fresh and dissected basidiomata in the field and basecamp; E, F, transverse section through pileipellis showing elements; G, transverse section through lamellae showing hymenial gloeocystidia near the lamellae edges; H, I, transverse section through lamellae showing hymenial gloeocystidia near the lamellae sides; J, transverse section through lamellae showing basidia. Scale bars: A, 40 mm; E, 100 μm; F-J, 10 μm.

FIG. 9 in Taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis reveal one new genus and three new species in Inonotus s.l. (Hymenochaetaceae) from Brazil

FIG. 9. — Tropicoporus tropicalis (M.J.Larsen & Lombard) L.W.Zhou & Y.C.Dai and T. stratificans G.Coelho & Yurchenko: A, T. tropicalis basidioma of URM94078 in situ; B, vertical section of URM94078; C, setae of URM94078 in 3% KOH; D, basidiospores of URM94078 in 3% KOH; E, dried T. stratificans basidioma of URM94063; F, tube trama of URM94063 in CB, immersed rhomboid crystals; G, hymenial setae of URM94063 in 3% KOH; H, basidiospores of URM94063 in 3% KOH. Scale bars: A, B, 5 cm; C, 1 cm; D, 5 mm;

FIG. 8 in Taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis reveal one new genus and three new species in Inonotus s.l. (Hymenochaetaceae) from Brazil

FIG. 8. — Tropicoporus nullisetus Xavier de Lima, V.R.T. Oliveira & Gibertoni, sp. nov. Holotype (URM94073): A, B, basidioma in situ; C, longitudinal section and the black line bellow the tomentum; D, pore surface; E, origin and end of a skeletal hyphae from the tube trama in 3% KOH; F, basidiospores in 3% KOH; G, cystidioles in CB; H, basidiospores in water. Scale bars: A, B, 5 cm; C, 1 cm; D, 5 mm; E-H, 10 μm.

FIG. 7 in Taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis reveal one new genus and three new species in Inonotus s.l. (Hymenochaetaceae) from Brazil

FIG. 7. — Tropicoporus linteus (Berk. & M.A.Curtis) L.W.Zhou & Y.C.Dai: A, dried basidiomata of URM84512; B, longitudinal section of URM84512, black line below the tomentum; C, pileus surface of URM94076; D, pileus surface of URM94048; E, hymenial setae of URM84512 in 3% KOH; F, basidiospores of URM84512 in 3% KOH; Scale bars: A, 2cm; B-D, 1 cm; E, F, 10 μm.

FIG. 6. — Tropicoporus flabellatus V.R.T. Oliveira, J.R.C in Taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis reveal one new genus and three new species in Inonotus s.l. (Hymenochaetaceae) from Brazil

FIG. 6. — Tropicoporus flabellatus V.R.T. Oliveira, J.R.C. Oliveira-Filho, Xavier de Lima & Gibertoni, sp. nov. (URM94338): A, dried basidiomata; B, longitudinal section, red arrow pointing to the black line in the context; C, pore surface; D, hymenial setae; E, basidiospores; F, generative hypha with basidia at the end; G, skeletal hypha of the tube trama; H, hyphae of the black line in the context; I, hyphae of the tomentum. All preparations in 3% KOH. Scale bars: A, B, 1cm; C, 5 mm; D-I, 10 μm

FIG. 5 in Taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis reveal one new genus and three new species in Inonotus s.l. (Hymenochaetaceae) from Brazil

FIG. 5. — Sclerotus extensus (Lév.) Xavier de Lima: A, dried basidiomata of URM87072; B, dried basidiomata of URM89390; C, longitudinal section of the dried basidioma of URM89538, red arrows pointing the black line in the context; D, skeletal of the context in 3% KOH; E, hymenial setae (URM89538) in 3% KOH; F, basidiospores (URM89538) in 3% KOH. Scale bars: A-C, 1 cm; D-F, 10 μm.

FIG. 4. — Inonotus parvisetus V.R.T in Taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis reveal one new genus and three new species in Inonotus s.l. (Hymenochaetaceae) from Brazil

FIG. 4. — Inonotus parvisetus V.R.T. Oliveira, Xavier de Lima, Gibertoni, sp. nov. (URM94334): A, B, dried basidiomata of the holotype; C, pore surface; D, longitudinal section of the dried basidioma, red arrow pointing the black line in the context; E, tramal setae; F, basidiospores; G, generative hyphae of the context. All preparations in 3% KOH. Scale bars: A, B, 1 cm; C, 1 mm; D, 5 mm; E-G, 10 μm.

FIG. 2 in Taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis reveal one new genus and three new species in Inonotus s.l. (Hymenochaetaceae) from Brazil

FIG. 2. — Phylogeny of Inonotus clade from ITS sequences. Topology is from ML analysis, with BT/PP values at the nodes. Only BT above 75% and/or PP above 0.95 are shown. Newly generated sequences are in boldface.

FIG. 1 in Taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis reveal one new genus and three new species in Inonotus s.l. (Hymenochaetaceae) from Brazil

FIG. 1 (continuation). — [...] values at the nodes. Only BT above 75% and/or PP above 0.95 are shown. Newly generated sequences are in boldface.

FIG. 1 in Taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis reveal one new genus and three new species in Inonotus s.l. (Hymenochaetaceae) from Brazil

FIG. 1. — Phylogeny of Hymenochaetaceae, with focus on Inonotus clade, inferred from ITS and LSU sequences. Topology is from ML analysis, with BT/PP [...]

FIG. 3 in Taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis reveal one new genus and three new species in Inonotus s.l. (Hymenochaetaceae) from Brazil

FIG. 3. — Inonotus micantissimus (Rick) Rajchemb. (URM90186): A, pore surface; B, tramal setae; C, hymenial setae; D, basidiospores. I. rickii (Pat.) Reid (URM94336): E, aspect of the anamorphous stage; F, tramal setae and chlamydospores. All preparations in 3% KOH. Scale bars: A, 1 mm; B, C, F, 20 μm; E, 1 cm.

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Fig. 4 in Croton restingae sp. nov. (Euphorbiaceae), a new species of section Adenophylli from the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and its phylogenetic relationships

Fig. 4. Morphological comparison of C. restingae Sodré & Riina sp. nov. and related species. A–E. Croton echioides Baill. A. Basilaminar nectaries. B. Pistillate flower. C. Gynoecium. D. Nectary disk and glandular petals (arrows) of pistillate flower. E. Carpophore showing the columella, detail of the apical appendages. – F–J. C. gracilipes Baill. F. Basilaminar nectaries. G. Pistillate flower. H. Gynoecium. I. Nectary disk and glandular petals (arrows) of pistillate flower. J. Carpophore showing the columella, detail of the apical appendages. – K–O. C. laceratoglandulosus Caruzo & Cordeiro. K. Basilaminar colleters. L. Pistillate flower. M. Gynoecium. N. Nectary disk of pistillate flower. O. Carpophore showing the columella, detail of the apical appendages. – P–T. C. restingae sp. nov. P. Basilaminar nectaries. Q. Pistillate flower. R. Gynoecium. S. Nectary disk and glandular petals (arrows) of pistillate flower. T. Carpophore showing the columella, detail of the apical appendages. Photos: A–E from R.C. Sodré 3314; F–J from R.C. Sodré 3413; K–O from R.C. Sodré 3461; P–S from M.F. Vasconcelos s.n.; T from A. Souza et al. 3163.

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Fig. 3 in Croton restingae sp. nov. (Euphorbiaceae), a new species of section Adenophylli from the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and its phylogenetic relationships

Fig. 3. Distribution map of C. restingae Sodré & Riina sp. nov. State abbreviations: BA = Bahia; ES = Espírito Santo; GO = Goiás; MG = Minas Gerais; PR = Paraná; RJ = Rio de Janeiro; SP = São Paulo.

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Fig. 1 in Croton restingae sp. nov. (Euphorbiaceae), a new species of section Adenophylli from the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and its phylogenetic relationships

Fig. 1. Bayesian majority consensus phylogram of ITS nuclear data from a selection of taxa of Croton L. including an accession of Croton restingae Sodré & Riina sp. nov. The relevant clades are named. Values above the branches are Bayesian posterior probabilities. The scale bar indicates the average number of nucleotide substitutions per site.