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1,085 results for “Ciliophora”
Figure 3 in Molecular phylogeny and taxonomy of three anaerobic plagiopyleans (Alveolata: Ciliophora), retrieved from two geographically distant localities in Asia and North America
Figure 3. Photomicrographs of Trimyema foissneri from life (A–C, J–M) and aħer protargol staining (D–I, N–º). A, B, right lateral views of different individuals, showing different body shape. C, right lateral views of a slightly compressed individual, arrowhead marks caudal cilia. D, macronucleus and micronucleus (arrowhead). E, cytopharynx fibres (arrowhead). F, lateral view of anterior part of cell, showing two longer oral kineties and a shorter one (arrowhead). G–I, right lateral (G, I) and dorsal (H) view, showing epaulet (arrowheads). J, ventral view, arrowhead indicates oval buccal cavity. K, anterior region, showing buccal cavity (arrowhead). L, lateral view of cell, showing three oblique somatic ciliary girdles. M, anterior part of cell, arrowheads show dents on surface. N, argentophilic lines (arrowhead) connected longitudinal somatic ciliary rows. O, details of oral region, arrowheads indicate kinetids at anterior part of oral kinety 1. P, º, ventral view of the holotype (P) and a paratype (º), showing somatic kineties, oral kineties and different ventro-lateral fragment (red circle), black arrowhead shows first oral kineties, arrow shows second oral kineties, red arrowheads show mucocysts. Abbreviations: G1, first ciliary girdle; G2, second ciliary girdle; G3, third ciliary girdle; Ma, macronucleus; OK1, first oral kineties; OK2, second oral kineties; VLF, ventrolateral fragment. Scale bars: 15 μm (A–C); 10 μm (G, P, º).
Fig. 3 in Taxonomy and morphology of four "ophrys-related" scuticociliates (Protista, Ciliophora, Scuticociliatia), with the description of a new genus, Paramesanophrys gen. nov.
Fig. 3. Paramesanophrys typica gen. et sp. nov., from life (A–N) and after protargol staining (O–S). A. Ventral view of a representative individual. B–E. Different individuals; arrowhead in B shows caudal cilium, arrowheads in E mark somatic cilia. F. Posterior region of cell; arrow shows contractile vacuole and arrowhead marks caudal cilium. G. Anterior region of cell; arrowhead marks buccal region. H. Ventral view, showing food vacuoles (arrowhead). I–N. Ventral views, to show various shapes of buccal regions (arrowheads). O–Q. Detailed infraciliature of buccal area (P from holotype). R. Macronucleus. S. Posterior region; arrowheads show dikinetids of somatic kineties. Abbreviations: M1–3 = membranelles 1, 2 and 3; Ma = macronucleus; PM = paroral membrane. Scale bars: A, E = 40 μm; B–D = 70 μm; G, M–N = 10 μm.
Fig. 18 in Morphological versus molecular delimitation of ciliate species: a case study of the family Clevelandellidae (Protista, Ciliophora, Armophorea)
Fig. 18. Phylogeny of the family Clevelandellidae Kidder, 1938 based on 18S rRNA gene sequences. Bootstrap values for maximum likelihood analyses performed in IQTrees and PhyML as well as posterior probabilities for Bayesian interference performed in MrBayes and Phycas were mapped onto the best scoring IQTree. Dashes indicate statistical support below 50%. Sequences obtained in this study are in bold face. Members of each morphospecies are marked by the same color, as shown in Fig. 17. For specimen codes and further details, see Table 6. The scale bar denotes six substitutions per one thousand nucleotide positions.
Fig. 14. Paraclevelandia brevis Kidder, 1937. Thai I in Morphological versus molecular delimitation of ciliate species: a case study of the family Clevelandellidae (Protista, Ciliophora, Armophorea)
Fig. 14. Paraclevelandia brevis Kidder, 1937. Thai I specimens (A–C, F–G) isolated from Panesthia angustipennis angustipennis (Illiger, 1801) and Vietnamese specimens (D–E) isolated from Panesthia angustipennis cognata Bey-Bienko, 1969 from life (A–C) and after protargol impregnation (D–G). A. Ventral overview, showing the general body organization. Arrows mark the proximal end of the peristomial opening, black arrowheads denote the proximal end of the adoral zone of membranelles, white arrowheads denote the karyophore attached to the anterior body pole. B–C. Ciliary pattern of ventral and dorsal sides. Asterisks mark the position of the ciliary whorl (posterior suture). D–G. Ventral views of specimens with well-preserved body shape. Scale bars = 20 μm.
Fig. 13. Paraclevelandia brevis Kidder, 1937. Thai I in Morphological versus molecular delimitation of ciliate species: a case study of the family Clevelandellidae (Protista, Ciliophora, Armophorea)
Fig. 13. Paraclevelandia brevis Kidder, 1937. Thai I specimens isolated from Panesthia angustipennis angustipennis (Illiger, 1801) after protargol impregnation. A–J. Variability of body shape and size as well as of the nuclear (shaded grey) and oral (shaded yellow) apparatus. Scale bar = 20 μm.
Fig. 4 in Morphological versus molecular delimitation of ciliate species: a case study of the family Clevelandellidae (Protista, Ciliophora, Armophorea)
Fig. 4. Clevelandella hastula (Kidder, 1937). Vietnamese specimens isolated from Panesthia angustipennis cognata Bey-Bienko, 1969 from life (A) and after protargol impregnation (B–N). A. Ventral view of a representative specimen, length 90 μm. B–K. Variability of body shape and size as well as of the nuclear (shaded grey) and oral (shaded yellow) apparatus. L. Semi-schematic diagram, showing the general body organization. M–N. Ciliary pattern of ventral and dorsal sides. Arrow marks the right suture and black arrowheads denote the position of the ciliary whorl (posterior suture). Scale bars = 30 μm.
Fig. 2 in Morphological versus molecular delimitation of ciliate species: a case study of the family Clevelandellidae (Protista, Ciliophora, Armophorea)
Fig. 2. Clevelandella constricta (Kidder, 1937). Thai I specimens isolated from Panesthia angustipennis angustipennis (Illiger, 1801) after protargol impregnation. A–J. Variability of body shape and size as well as of the nuclear (shaded grey) and oral (shaded yellow) apparatus. Scale bar = 50 μm.
Fig. 7 in Morphological versus molecular delimitation of ciliate species: a case study of the family Clevelandellidae (Protista, Ciliophora, Armophorea)
Fig. 7. Clevelandella panesthiae (Kidder, 1937). Vietnamese specimens isolated from Panesthia angustipennis cognata Bey-Bienko, 1969 after protargol impregnation. A–D. Variability of body shape and size as well as of the nuclear (shaded grey) and oral (shaded yellow) apparatus. Scale bar = 50 μm.
Fig. 17 in Morphological versus molecular delimitation of ciliate species: a case study of the family Clevelandellidae (Protista, Ciliophora, Armophorea)
Fig. 17. Phylogeny of the order Clevelandellida de Puytorac & Grain, 1976 based on 18S rRNA gene sequences. Some metopids were used as outgroup. Bootstrap values for maximum likelihood analyses performed in IQTrees and PhyML as well as posterior probabilities for Bayesian interference performed in MrBayes and Phycas were mapped onto the best scoring IQTree. Dashes indicate statistical support below 50%, asterisks denote mismatch with the topology shown. Sequences obtained in this study are in bold face. Members of each morphospecies are marked by the same color, following the code in the inset. For specimen codes and further details, see Table 6. The scale bar denotes three substitutions per one hundred nucleotide positions.
Fig. 9 in Morphological versus molecular delimitation of ciliate species: a case study of the family Clevelandellidae (Protista, Ciliophora, Armophorea)
Fig. 9. Clevelandella parapanesthiae (Kidder, 1937). Thai I specimens isolated from Panesthia angustipennis angustipennis (Illiger, 1801) from life (A) and after protargol impregnation (B–N). A. Ventral view of a representative specimen, length 90 μm. B–K. Variability of body shape and size as well as of the nuclear (shaded grey) and oral (shaded yellow) apparatus. L. Semi-schematic diagram, showing the general body organization. M–N. Ciliary pattern of ventral and dorsal sides. Arrow marks the right suture, black arrowheads indicate the position of the ciliary whorl (posterior suture). Scale bars = 30 μm.
Fig. 12. Paraclevelandia brevis Kidder, 1937 in Morphological versus molecular delimitation of ciliate species: a case study of the family Clevelandellidae (Protista, Ciliophora, Armophorea)
Fig. 12. Paraclevelandia brevis Kidder, 1937. Vietnamese specimens isolated from Panesthia angustipennis cognata Bey-Bienko, 1969 from life (A) and after protargol impregnation (B–N). A. Ventral view of a representative specimen, length 50 μm. B–K. Variability of body shape and size as well as of the nuclear (shaded grey) and oral (shaded yellow) apparatus. L. Semi-schematic diagram, showing the general body organization. M–N. Ciliary pattern of ventral and dorsal sides. Arrow marks the right suture, black arrowheads indicate the position of the ciliary whorl (posterior suture). Scale bars = 20 μm.
Fig. 6 in Morphological versus molecular delimitation of ciliate species: a case study of the family Clevelandellidae (Protista, Ciliophora, Armophorea)
Fig. 6. Clevelandella panesthiae (Kidder, 1937). Thai I specimens isolated from Panesthia angustipennis angustipennis (Illiger, 1801) from life (A) and after protargol impregnation (B–N). A. Ventral view of a representative specimen, length 105 μm. B–K. Variability of body shape and size as well as of the nuclear (shaded grey) and oral (shaded yellow) apparatus. L. Semi-schematic diagram, showing the general body organization. M–N. Ciliary pattern of ventral and dorsal sides. Arrow marks the right suture, black arrowheads denote the position of the ciliary whorl (posterior suture). Scale bars = 50 μm.
Fig. 8 in Morphological versus molecular delimitation of ciliate species: a case study of the family Clevelandellidae (Protista, Ciliophora, Armophorea)
Fig. 8. Clevelandella panesthiae (Kidder, 1937). Vietnamese specimens (A, E–G) isolated from Panesthia angustipennis cognata Bey-Bienko, 1969 and Thai I specimens (B–D) isolated from Panesthia angustipennis angustipennis (Illiger, 1801) from life (A, E–G) and after protargol impregnation (B–D). A–D. Ventral view of specimens with well-preserved body shape. Arrow marks the proximal end of the peristomial opening, black arrowheads denote the proximal end of the adoral zone of membranelles, white arrowheads mark the karyophore fibers attaching to the left and right body margins. E. Ventral view, showing the general body organization. F–G. Ciliary pattern of ventral and dorsal sides. Asterisks mark the position of the ciliary whorl (posterior suture), white double arrowhead denotes the right suture. Scale bars = 50 μm.
Fig. 16 in Morphological versus molecular delimitation of ciliate species: a case study of the family Clevelandellidae (Protista, Ciliophora, Armophorea)
Fig. 16. Ordination analyses of 94 specimens of six clevelandellid morphospecies based on morphometric data (A) and cell shape information (B). A. Multidimensional scaling of the Gower's similarity matrix. B. Principal component analysis of the Fourier coefficients. Eigenvalues of the first two ordination axes are λ1= 0.723 and λ2= 0.135, explaining 85.8% of the total variation. The morphometric and geometrical data delimit the clevelandellid morphospecies consistently and unambiguously, i.e., each clevelandellid morphospecies forms a homogeneous cluster that is well isolated from all other morphospecies analyzed. Members of each morphospecies are highlighted by the same color as in Fig. 15.
Fig. 15 in Morphological versus molecular delimitation of ciliate species: a case study of the family Clevelandellidae (Protista, Ciliophora, Armophorea)
Fig. 15. Cluster analyses of 94 specimens of six clevelandellid morphospecies based on morphometric data (A) and the cell shape information (B). A. Weighted average linkage clustering method in a combination with Gower's similarity index. B. Ward's D2 clustering method in a combination with the Manhattan city block distance. The morphometric and geometrical data delimit the clevelandellid morphospecies consistently and unambiguously, i.e., each clevelandellid morphospecies forms a homogeneous cluster that is well isolated from all other morphospecies analyzed. Since both techniques are phenetic, their results refer only to the similarity of the analyzed morphospecies in phenotypic space and not to their relatedness. Members of each morphospecies are highlighted by the same color.
FIGURE 2 in An annotated and revised checklist of pleurostome ciliates (Protista: Ciliophora: Litostomatea) from Slovakia, Central Europe
FIGURE 2. Schematic diagrams of pleurostome ciliates reported from the territory of Slovakia.
FIGURE 3 in An annotated and revised checklist of pleurostome ciliates (Protista: Ciliophora: Litostomatea) from Slovakia, Central Europe
FIGURE 3. Schematic diagrams of pleurostome ciliates reported from the territory of Slovakia.
FIGURE 2 in Loricophrya bosporica n. sp. (Ciliophora, Suctorea) epibiont of Desmoscolex minutus (Nematoda, Desmoscolecida) from oxic / anoxic boundary of the Black Sea Istanbul Strait's outlet area
FIGURE 2. Schematic drawing of Loricophrya bosporica sp. nov. Scale bar: 20 µm.
Figs 17a–i in Five New Spathidiids (Ciliophora: Bromeliads Haptoria) from Caribbean Tank
Figs 17a–i. Spathidium bromelicola (a–e) and Spathidium aciculare (f–i, from Foissner et al. 2002) from life (b, c, f) and after protargol impregnation (a, d, e, g–i). a – right side view of a 200 µm long specimen with impregnated cilia, showing the heteromorphic tail of brush row 3 (arrowheads); b – resting cyst with inactive contractile vacuole, diameter 45 µm; c – posterior portion of dorsal brush, longest bristles 3 µm. The arrowhead denotes the heteromorphic, monokinetidal tail of brush row 3; d, e – ventral and dorsal views, showing the slightly cuneate oral bulge and the isostichad dorsal brush with dikinetids more widely spaced in row 3 than in rows 1 and 2. The asterisk marks the widened area between the last ventral and the first left side ciliary row; f – Spathidium aciculare, oral bulge extrusomes from two Australian populations, length 7–8 µm; g, h – Spathidium aciculare, left side and frontal view of anterior body region, showing the heterostichad dorsal brush and the elongate elliptical circumoral kinety (oral bulge); i – Spathidium aciculare, right side overview. B(1–3) – dorsal brush rows, BU – oral bulge, CK – circumoral kinety, CP – cytopharyngeal entrance, EP – excretory pores, L – lipid droplets, MA – macronucleus, MI – micronuclei. Scale bars: 30 µm (g, h), 40 µm (b, d, e), and 50 µm (a, i).
Figs 25–32 in Three New Microthoracids (Ciliophora, Nassophorea) from Austria and Venezuela
Figs 25–32. Drepanomonas multidentata from life under bright field (25–27) and interference contrast illumination (29–32), and after silver nitrate impregnation (28). 25, 26 – right and left side view of the same specimen, showing the crescentic body shape and the three ventrolateral spines. The cytoplasm is studded with lipid (?) droplets and minute food vacuoles each containing only one or two bacteria (26). The arrows mark the line where the cortical plates of the right side attach to the ground cortex. The arrowhead denotes the left margin of the preoral region; 27 – right side view of a dividing specimen with division furrow marked by arrowheads; 28 – right side view, showing the dense cortical granulation and the ventro-lateral spines; 29–32 – right side views of the same specimen at four focal planes, showing the right side ridges (29), the subapical and the right ventro-lateral spine (30), the buccal cavity in mid-body (31), and the spines of the left ventro-lateral side (32). The arrowhead marks the concave right ventro-lateral margin. The asterisk denotes the shallow concavity in the obfalcate plate. A – anterior body end, BC – buccal cavity, CV – contractile vacuole, CY – cytopyge, FV – food vacuoles, K3 – somatic kinety 3, LAS – left anterior spine, LD – lipid droplets, LVS – left ventro-lateral spines, MA – macronucleus, P – posterior body end, PO – preoral kineties, R – ridges, RVS – right ventro-lateral spine, SAS – subapical spine, T – excretory tube of contractile vacuole, VS – ventro-lateral spines. Scale bars: 15 µm.
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