Find research datasets worth reusing
Search datasets from major research repositories and use ShareScore to quickly assess how well each record supports discovery, access, and reuse.
4,276
datasets available to search
ShareScore release 0.9.0
Dataset results
4,276 results for “Estimation”
Data from: Estimating diversification rates on incompletely-sampled phylogenies: theoretical concerns and practical solutions
<p>Molecular phylogenies are a key source of information about the tempo and mode of species diversification. However, most empirical phylogenies do not contain representatives of all species, such that diversification rates are typically estimated from incompletely sampled data. Most researchers recognize that incomplete sampling can lead to biased rate estimates, but the statistical properties of methods for accommodating incomplete sampling remain poorly known. In this point of view, we demonstrate theoretical concerns with the widespread use of analytical sampling corrections for sparsely sampled phylogenies of higher taxonomic groups. In particular, corrections based on "sampling fractions" can lead to low statistical power to infer rate variation when it is present, depending on the likelihood function used for inference. In the extreme, the sampling fraction correction can lead to spurious patterns of diversification that are driven solely by unbalanced sampling across the tree in concert with low overall power to infer shifts. Stochastic polytomy resolution provides an alternative to sampling fraction approaches that avoids some of these biases. We show that stochastic polytomy resolvers can greatly improve the power of common analyses to estimate shifts in diversification rates. We introduce a new stochastic polytomy resolution method (TACT: Taxonomic Addition for Complete Trees) that uses birth-death-sampling estimators across an ultrametric phylogeny to estimate branching times for unsampled taxa, with taxonomic information to compatibly place new taxa onto a backbone phylogeny. We close with practical recommendations for diversification inference under several common scenarios of incomplete sampling.</p>
Insights from empirical analyses and simulations on using multiple fossil calibrations with relaxed clocks to estimate divergence times
<p>Relaxed clock methods account for among-branch-rate-variation when estimating divergence times by inferring different rates for individual branches. In order to infer different rates for individual branches, important assumptions are required. This is because molecular sequence data does not provide direct information about rates, but instead provides direct information about the total number of substitutions along any branch, which is a product of the rate and time for that branch. Often, the assumptions required for estimating rates for individual branches depend heavily on the implementation of multiple fossil calibrations in a single phylogeny. Here, we show that the basis of these assumptions is often critically undermined. First, we highlight that the temporal distribution of the fossil record often violates key assumptions of methods that use multiple fossil calibrations with relaxed clocks. With respect to "node calibration" methods, this conclusion is based on our inference that different fossil calibrations are unlikely to reflect the relative ages of different clades. With respect to the fossilised-birth-death-process, this conclusion is based on our inference that the fossil recovery rate is often highly heterogeneous. We then demonstrate that methods of divergence time estimation that use multiple fossil calibrations are highly sensitive to assumptions about the fossil record and among-branch-rate-variation. Given the problems associated with these assumptions, our results highlight that using multiple fossil calibrations with relaxed clocks often does little to improve the accuracy of divergence time estimates.</p> <p> </p>
Data from: Bayesian estimation of the global biogeographical history of the Solanaceae
Aim: The tomato family Solanaceae is distributed on all major continents except Antarctica and has its centre of diversity in South America. Its worldwide distribution suggests multiple long-distance dispersals within and between the New and Old Worlds. Here, we apply maximum likelihood (ML) methods and newly developed biogeographical stochastic mapping (BSM) to infer the ancestral range of the family and to estimate the frequency of dispersal and vicariance events resulting in its present-day distribution. Location: Worldwide. Methods: Building on a recently inferred megaphylogeny of Solanaceae, we conducted ML model fitting of a range of biogeographical models with the program 'BioGeoBEARS'. We used the parameters from the best fitting model to estimate ancestral range probabilities and conduct stochastic mapping, from which we estimated the number and type of biogeographical events. Results: Our best model supported South America as the ancestral area for the Solanaceae and its major clades. The BSM analyses showed that dispersal events, particularly range expansions, are the principal mode by which members of the family have spread beyond South America. Main conclusions: For Solanaceae, South America is not only the family's current centre of diversity but also its ancestral range, and dispersal was the principal driver of range evolution. The most common dispersal patterns involved range expansions from South America into North and Central America, while dispersal in the reverse direction was less common. This directionality may be due to the early build-up of species richness in South America, resulting in large pool of potential migrants. These results demonstrate the utility of BSM not only for estimating ancestral ranges but also in inferring the frequency, direction and timing of biogeographical events in a statistically rigorous framework.
Data from: A coalescent-based estimator of genetic drift, and acoustic divergence in the Pteronotus parnellii species complex
Determining the processes responsible for phenotypic variation is one of the central tasks of evolutionary biology. While the importance of acoustic traits for foraging and communication in echolocating mammals suggests adaptation, the seldom-tested null hypothesis to explain trait divergence is genetic drift. Here we derive FST values from multi-locus coalescent isolation-with-migration models, and couple them with estimates of quantitative trait divergence, or PST, to test drift as the evolutionary process responsible for phenotypic divergence in island populations of the Pteronotus parnellii species complex. Compared to traditional comparisons of PST to FST, the migration-based estimates of FST are unidirectional instead of bidirectional, simultaneously integrate variation among loci and individuals, and posterior densities of PST and FST can be compared directly. We found the evolution of higher call frequencies is inconsistent with genetic drift for the Hispaniolan population, despite many generations of isolation from its Puerto Rican counterpart. While the Hispaniolan population displays dimorphism in call frequencies, the higher frequency of the females is incompatible with sexual selection. Instead, cultural drift toward higher frequencies among Hispaniolan females might explain the divergence. By integrating Bayesian coalescent and trait analyses, this study demonstrates a powerful approach to testing genetic drift as the default evolutionary mechanism of trait differentiation between populations.
Dynamic inferential NOx emission prediction model with delay estimation for SCR de-NOx process in coal-fired power plants
<p><span><span>The selective catalytic reduction (SCR) de</span><span>-</span><span>NO<sub>x</sub> </span><span>process in coal-fired power plants not only displays nonlinearity, large inertia, and time variation but also a lag in NO<sub>x</sub> analysis; </span><span>hence,</span><span> it is difficult to obtain an accurate model </span><span>that </span><span>can be used to control NH<sub>3</sub> injection </span><span>during changes in the </span><span>operating state. </span><span>In this work,</span><span> a novel dynamic inferential model with delay estimation was proposed for NO<sub>x</sub> emission prediction. First, k-nearest neighbour mutual information (knnMI) was used to estimate the time-delay of the descriptor variables, followed by reconstruction of the phase space of the model data. Second, multi-scale wavelet kernel partial least square (mwKPLS) was</span><span> used</span><span> to improve the prediction ability, </span><span>and this was followed by verification using </span><span>benchmark dataset experiments. Finally, the delay-time difference (DTD) method and feedback correction strategy </span><span>were </span><span>proposed to deal with the time variation of the SCR de</span><span>-</span><span>NO<sub>x</sub> process.</span> <span>Through the analysis of the </span><span>experimental field data </span><span>in the</span> <span>steady state, </span><span>the variable</span><span> state and </span><span>the </span>NO<sub>x</sub> analyser blowback process<span>, the results proved that</span><span> this dynamic model has </span><span>high prediction accuracy</span><span> during</span><span> state changes and can </span><span>realize</span><span> advance prediction of the NO<sub>x</sub> emission. </span></span></p>
Data from: Algorithm for post-clustering curation of DNA amplicon data yields reliable biodiversity estimates
DNA metabarcoding is promising for cost-effective biodiversity monitoring, but reliable diversity estimates are difficult to achieve and validate. Here we present and validate a method, called LULU, for removing erroneous molecular operational taxonomic units (OTUs) from community data derived by high-throughput sequencing of amplified marker genes. LULU identifies errors by combining sequence similarity and co-occurrence patterns. To validate the LULU method, we use a unique data set of high quality survey data of vascular plants paired with plant ITS2 metabarcoding data of DNA extracted from soil from 130 sites in Denmark spanning major environmental gradients. OTU tables are produced with several different OTU definition algorithms and subsequently curated with LULU, and validated against field survey data. LULU curation consistently improves α-diversity estimates and other biodiversity metrics, and does not require a sequence reference database; thus, it represents a promising method for reliable biodiversity estimation.
Data from: Genetic sampling for estimating density of common species
Understanding population dynamics requires reliable estimates of population density, yet this basic information is often surprisingly difficult to obtain. With rare or difficult-to-capture species, genetic surveys from noninvasive collection of hair or scat has proved cost-efficient for estimating densities. Here, we explored whether noninvasive genetic sampling (NGS) also offers promise for sampling a relatively common species, the snowshoe hare (Lepus americanus Erxleben, 1777), in comparison with traditional live trapping. We optimized a protocol for single-session NGS sampling of hares. We compared spatial capture–recapture population estimates from live trapping to estimates derived from NGS, and assessed NGS costs. NGS provided population estimates similar to those derived from live trapping, but a higher density of sampling plots was required for NGS. The optimal NGS protocol for our study entailed deploying 160 sampling plots for 4 days and genotyping one pellet per plot. NGS laboratory costs ranged from approximately $670 to $3000 USD per field site. While live trapping does not incur laboratory costs, its field costs can be considerably higher than for NGS, especially when study sites are difficult to access. We conclude that NGS can work for common species, but that it will require field and laboratory pilot testing to develop cost-effective sampling protocols.
Data from: Apparent annual survival estimates of tropical songbirds better reflect life history variation when based on intensive field methods
Aim: Adult survival is central to theories explaining latitudinal gradients in life history strategies. Life history theory predicts higher adult survival in tropical than north temperate regions given lower fecundity and parental effort. Early studies were consistent with this prediction, but standard-effort netting studies in recent decades suggested that apparent survival rates in temperate and tropical regions strongly overlap. Such results do not fit with life history theory. Targeted marking and resighting of breeding adults yielded higher survival estimates in the tropics, but this approach is thought to overestimate survival because it does not sample social and age classes with lower survival. We compared the effect of field methods on tropical survival estimates and their relationships with life history traits. Location: Sabah, Malaysian Borneo. Time period: 2008–2016. Major taxon: Passeriformes. Methods: We used standard-effort netting and resighted individuals of all social and age classes of 18 tropical songbird species over 8 years. We compared apparent survival estimates between these two field methods with differing analytical approaches. Results: Estimated detection and apparent survival probabilities from standard-effort netting were similar to those from other tropical studies that used standard-effort netting. Resighting data verified that a high proportion of individuals that were never recaptured in standard-effort netting remained in the study area, and many were observed breeding. Across all analytical approaches, addition of resighting yielded substantially higher survival estimates than did standard-effort netting alone. These apparent survival estimates were higher than for temperate zone species, consistent with latitudinal differences in life histories. Moreover, apparent survival estimates from addition of resighting, but not from standard-effort netting alone, were correlated with parental effort as measured by egg temperature across species. Main conclusions: Inclusion of resighting showed that standard-effort netting alone can negatively bias apparent survival estimates and obscure life history relationships across latitudes and among tropical species.
Supplement to "Estimation of the total magnetization direction of approximately spherical bodies"
<p>Supplementary data and source code to "Estimation of the total magnetization direction of approximately spherical bodies".</p> <p>Article submitted for publication to Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics.</p> <p>The original submission and open peer-review can be viewed at http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/npgd-1-1465-2014</p> <p>This is an archive of the git version controlled repository containing: the manuscript LaTeX source files; IPython notebooks (www.ipython.org) containing source code to perform the applications to synthetic and real data; the total field magnetic anomaly data used in the real data application.</p> <p>See the original repository at https://github.com/pinga-lab/Total-magnetization-of-spherical-bodies</p> <p>The source code that implements the proposed methodology is included in version 0.3 of the open-source software Fatiando a Terra (www.fatiando.org). See module fatiando.gravmag.magdir.</p>
Maximum Likelihood Estimation of Closed Queueing Network Demands from Queue Length Data
<p>The data part of this release support the results presented in the paper <br /> "Maximum Likelihood Estimation of Closed Queueing Network Demands from Queue Length Data", by W. Wang and G. Casale, accepted for presentation at MAMA workshop 2015. </p> <p>When referring to the dataset or scripts please cite the paper above. </p>
Filling the Gap: A Tool to Automate Parameter Estimation for Software Performance Models
<p>The data part of this release support the results <br /> presented in the paper <br /> "Filling the Gap: A Tool to Automate Parameter Estimation<br /> for Software Performance Models", by W. Wang, J. F. Perez, and G. Casale, accepted <br /> to QUDOS workshop 2015. </p>
Maximum Likelihood Estimation of Closed Queueing Network Demands from Queue Length Data
<p>The data part of this release support the results presented in the paper <br /> "Maximum Likelihood Estimation of Closed Queueing Network Demands from Queue Length Data", by W. Wang, G. Casale, A. Kattepur and M. Nambiar, accepted for presentation at ICPE 2016. </p> <p>When referring to the dataset or scripts please cite the paper above. </p>
Intersession reliability of population receptive field estimates
<p>Proccessed pRF data comparing parameter estimates in visual regions across two days. Requires Matlab and SamSrf toolbox (https://figshare.com/articles/SamSrf_toolbox_for_pRF_mapping/1344765).</p>
Data for publication: Autoadaptive motion modelling for MR-based respiratory motion estimation
<p>This repository contains four T1-weighted 2D MR slice datasets from multiple slice positions covering the entire thorax during free breathing and breath holds. The data was used to evaluate our novel autoadaptive respiratory motion model which we proposed in [1]. In particular, the datasets contain the following:</p> <ol> <li>Acquisition of all sagittal slice positions covering the thorax and one coronal slice position acquired during a breath hold.</li> <li>Results of registration between adjacent sagittal slice positions [control point displacements (cpp) and displacement fields (dfs)]</li> <li>40 dynamic acquisitions of each slice position also present in the breath-hold acquired during free breathing. </li> <li>Results of registration of the dynamic acquisitions to the respective breath-holds slices (cpp's and dfs's). </li> </ol> <p>The data is divided into 4 zip files, each containing the data of one volunteer. The folder structure for each is as follows:</p> <blockquote> <p>|-- bhs (breath hold data)<br /> | |-- images (images)<br /> | | |-- cor<br /> | | `-- sag<br /> | `-- mfs_slpos2slpos (registration results)<br /> | `-- sag<br /> `-- dyn (dynamic free-breathing data)<br /> |-- images (images)<br /> | |-- cor<br /> | `-- sag<br /> `-- mfs_tpos2tpos (registration results)<br /> |-- cor<br /> `-- sag</p> </blockquote> <p>Please, see our publication [1] for details on the acquisition sequence and registration used. </p> <p>--</p> <p>[1]: CF Baumgartner, C Kolbitsch, JR McClelland, D Rueckert, AP King, <em>Autoadaptive motion modelling for MR-based respiratory motion estimation</em>, Medical Image Analysis (2016), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2016.06.005</p>
Temporal and spatial evaluation of satellite-based rainfall estimates across the complex topographical and climatic gradients of Chile (datasets)
<p>This file contains the <strong>dataset</strong> (both raw observed precipitation data and figures obtained as output of the analysis) accompanying the manuscript '<strong>hess-2016-453'</strong> submitted to the HESS journal (http://www.hydrology-and-earth-system-sciences.net/).</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Title</strong>: "Temporal and spatial evaluation of satellite-based rainfall estimates across the complex topographical and climatic gradients of Chile"</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p>Accurate representation of the real spatio-temporal variability of catchment rainfall inputs is currently severely limited. Moreover, spatially interpolated catchment precipitation is subject to large uncertainties, particularly in developing countries and regions which are difficult to access (e.g., high elevation zones). Recently, satellite-based rainfall estimates (SRE) provide an unprecedented opportunity for a wide range of hydrological applications, from water resources modelling to monitoring of extreme events such as droughts and floods. </p> <p>This study attempts to exhaustively evaluate -for the first time- the suitability of seven state-of-the-art SRE products (TMPA 3B42v7, CHIRPSv2, CMORPH, PERSIANN-CDR, PERSIAN-CCS-adj, MSWEPv1.1 and PGFv3) over the complex topography and diverse climatic gradients of Chile. Different temporal scales (daily, monthly, seasonal, annual) are used in a point to-pixel comparison between precipitation time series measured at 366 stations (from sea level to 4600 m a.s.l. in the Andean Plateau) and the corresponding grid cell of each SRE. The modified Kling-Gupta efficiency was used to identify possible sources of systematic errors in each SRE. In addition, several categorical indices were used to assess the ability of each SRE to correctly identify different precipitation intensities.</p> <p><br> Results revealed that most SRE products performed better for the humid South (36.4-43.7ºS) and Central Chile (32.18-36.4ºS), in particular at low- and mid-elevation zones (0-1000 m a.s.l.) compared to the arid northern regions and the Far South. Seasonally, all products performed best during the wet seasons (MAM-JJA) compared to summer (DJF) and autumn (SON). In addition, all SREs were able to correctly identify the occurrence of no rain events, but they presented a low skill in classifying precipitation intensities during rainy days. Overall, PGFv3 exhibited the best performance everywhere and for all time scales, which can be clearly attributed to its bias-correction procedure using 213 stations from Chile. Good results were also obtained by CHIRPSv2, TMPA 3B42v7 and MSWEPv1.1, while CMORPH, PERSIANN-CDR and PERSIANN-CCS-adj were not able to represent observed rainfall. While PGFv3 (currently available up to 2010) might be used in Chile for historical analyses and calibration of hydrological models, the high spatial resolution, low latency and long data records of CHIRPS and TMPA 3B42v7 (in transition to IMERG) show promising potential to be used in meteorological studies and water resources assessments. We finally conclude that despite improvements of most SRE products, a site-specific calibration is still needed before any use in catchment-scale hydrological studies.</p>
Data from: "Lake Metabolism: Comparison of Lake Metabolic Rates Estimated from a Diel CO2- and the Common Diel O2-Technique" in PlosOne
<p>The data file is a matlab file (MATLAB 8.2) that contains structures providing the data used in the analysis of lake metabolism in Lake Illmensee, Germany.</p> <p>Data set comprises of:</p> <p>1. Original time series on CO<sub>2</sub>, O<sub>2</sub> and Temperature</p> <p>2. Morphometric data on Lake Illmensee</p> <p>3. Time series of derived data:</p> <p>a) atmospheric fluxes of CO2 and O2</p> <p>b) vertical turbulent diffusivities</p> <p>c) mixing depth</p> <p>d) metabolic rates</p> <p>All structures provide detailed information on the data. The equations and models used can be found in the paper: Lake Metabolism: Comparison of lake Metabolic Rates Estimated from a Diel CO<sub>2</sub>- and the Common Diel-O<sub>2</sub> technique in a manuscript submitted to PlosOne in 2016.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Results for paper "Energy dependent mesh adaptivity of discontinuous isogeometric discrete ordinate methods with dual weighted residual error estimators"
<p>This spreadsheet contains the results used to generate the plots in the paper "Energy dependent mesh adaptivity of discontinuous isogeometric discrete ordinate methods with dual weighted residual error estimators".</p>
Non invasive and minimally intrusive blood pressure estimates
<p>Currently, health disorders related to Blood Pressure (BP) fluctuations are within the most prevalent and of higher social and economic impact in the world. A continuous and routinary monitoring of the BP can contribute to the early identification of risk factors, and consequently, would help to prevent potential cardiovascular diseases. <br> <br> BP measurement methods based on the cuff are of widespread use today. The monitoring based on this technology is intrusive and cannot be made continuously, which is of fundamental importance to diagnose Hypertension accurately. Due to the discomfort, inconvenience and intrusiveness of the cuff-based measurements of BP most people undergo monitoring only when they present symptoms of cardiovascular problems and a high proportion of them do not complete the monitoring protocol. <br> <br> In order to provide a less intrusive technology for non-invasive and continuous BP monitoring, many researchers aimed to estimate the BP from Pulse Waveforms (PW), recorded using plethysmography, ultrasound, and tonometry. Some BP estimation methods based on these technologies have been successfully implemented in commercial products. <br> <br> However, the BP estimation from PW is still an open research problem. The hemodynamic behavior of people is complex and highly variable within and between subjects. This makes the estimation of BP from PW very challenging from the mathematical and computational modeling perspectives. <br> <br> For this reason we provide a dataset from two healthy subjects. The experimental paradigm is explained in advance. Data were acquired by using the Finapres® NOVA which is a non-invasive continuous blood pressure monitor. <br> <br> The data contains the following columns: <br> <br> - Timeline of the acquisition.<br> - The PPG (Photoplethysmography) signal measured in the right hand.<br> - The PPG (Photoplethysmography) signal measured in the foot.<br> - The arterial pressure estimated by Finapres® NOVA.<br> - The ECG signal.<br> - The occurrence of the handgrip maneuver on the specific time instant.</p>
Spatial variation and inconsistency between estimates of onset of muscle activation from EMG and ultrasound
<p>Study abstract: Delayed onset of muscle activation is a descriptor of impaired motor control. Activation<br> onset can be estimated from electromyography (EMG)-registered muscle excitation and<br> from ultrasound-registered muscle motion, which enables non-invasive measurements in<br> deep muscles. However, in voluntary activation, EMG- and ultrasound-detected activation<br> onsets may not correspond. To evaluate this, ten healthy men performed isometric elbow<br> flexion at 20% to 70% of their maximal force. Utilising a multi-channel electrode<br> transparent to ultrasound, EMG and M(otion)-mode ultrasound were recorded<br> simultaneously over the biceps brachii muscle. The time intervals between automated and<br> visually estimated activation onsets were correlated with the regional variation of EMG<br> and muscle motion onset, contraction level and speed. Automated and visual onsets<br> indicated variable time intervals between EMG- and motion onset, median (interquartile<br> range) 96 (121) ms and 48 (72) ms, respectively. In 17% of trials (computed analysis) or<br> 23% (visual analysis), motion onset was detected before local EMG onset. Multi-channel<br> EMG and M-mode ultrasound revealed regional differences in activation onset, which<br> decreased with higher contraction speed (Spearman ρ≥0.45, P<0.001). In voluntary<br> activation the heterogeneous motor unit recruitment together with immediate motion<br> transmission may explain the high variation of the time intervals between local EMG- and<br> ultrasound-detected activation onset.</p> <p>Data description:</p> <p><strong>EMG data:</strong> folder includes the EMG, torque and synchronization signal data as .otb files. The respective program can be downloaded without costs from http://www.otbioelettronica.it/index.php?lang=en. Data consist of two series (Misome2 and Misome3) of isometric trials at different force levels. The first three digits refer to the subject number.</p> <p><strong>M-mode ultrasound data</strong>: folder includes the M-mode clips of all recorded trials in .tvd format. The respective program can be downloaded for free at http://www.telemedultrasound.com/download/software-downloads/?lang=en. In addition, images of activation onset in DICOM format are provided. The data are sorted for subjects and series (Misome2 and Misome3). The following explanation refers to the filenames of the DICOM images. Usually, the M-mode trace started at the left side synchronously with the synch signal. In this case the rightmost frame of the trace is missing to indicate that the left edge represents the start of the trace. If the file name includes “ons50”, the frame includes the 50. frame = the rightmost frame, still starting with the synch signal. If the filename includes on100, the rightmost frame is the 100. frame and the duration of 50 frames must be added to the visible onset time. Filenames that include “basel” refer to frames that represent a proper delineation of the baseline.</p> <p><strong>Excel data sheet</strong>: Data sheet that includes the computed and visual EMG, M-mode ultrasound and torque onsets, the rate of torque development and the differences between the different types of onsets. The column headers explain the data type, most comprehensively in the first computed data sheet. The colors facilitate the orientation with blue columns referring to torque onsets and green columns referring to ultrasound onsets. The violet EMG channels are those in vicinity to the ultrasound beam. In the second version of each sheet the 5% slowest trials are separated.</p>
Temporal and spatial evaluation of satellite-based rainfall estimates across the complex topographical and climatic gradients of Chile (supplementary material)
<p>This file contains the <strong>Supplement</strong> (both raw observed precipitation data and figures obtained as output of the analysis) accompanying the manuscript '<strong>hess-2016-453'</strong> submitted to the HESS journal (http://www.hydrology-and-earth-system-sciences.net/).</p> <p><strong>Title</strong>: "Temporal and spatial evaluation of satellite-based rainfall estimates across the complex topographical and climatic gradients of Chile"</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p>Accurate representation of the real spatio-temporal variability of catchment rainfall inputs is currently severely limited. Moreover, spatially interpolated catchment precipitation is subject to large uncertainties, particularly in developing countries and regions which are difficult to access. Recently, satellite-based rainfall estimates (SRE) provide an unprecedented opportunity for a wide range of hydrological applications, from water resources modelling to monitoring of extreme events such as droughts and floods.</p> <p>This study attempts to exhaustively evaluate -for the first time- the suitability of seven state-of-the-art SRE products (TMPA 3B42v7, CHIRPSv2, CMORPH, PERSIANN-CDR, PERSIAN-CCS-adj, MSWEPv1.1 and PGFv3) over the complex topography and diverse climatic gradients of Chile. Different temporal scales (daily, monthly, seasonal, annual) are used in a point-to-pixel comparison between precipitation time series measured at 366 stations (from sea level to 4600 m a.s.l. in the Andean Plateau) and the corresponding grid cell of each SRE (rescaled to a 0.25° grid if necessary). The modified Kling-Gupta efficiency was used to identify possible sources of systematic errors in each SRE. In addition, five categorical indices (PC, POD, FAR, ETS, fBIAS) were used to assess the ability of each SRE to correctly identify different precipitation intensities.</p> <p>Results revealed that most SRE products performed better for the humid South (36.4-43.7°S) and Central Chile (32.18-36.4°S), in particular at low- and mid-elevation zones (0-1000 m a.s.l.) compared to the arid northern regions and the Far South. Seasonally, all products performed best during the wet seasons autumn and winter (MAM-JJA) compared to summer (DJF) and spring (SON). In addition, all SREs were able to correctly identify the occurrence of no rain events, but they presented a low skill in classifying precipitation intensities during rainy days. Overall, PGFv3 exhibited the best performance everywhere and for all time scales, which can be clearly attributed to its bias-correction procedure using 217 stations from Chile. Good results were also obtained by the research products CHIRPSv2, TMPA 3B42v7 and MSWEPv1.1,while CMORPH, PERSIANN-CDR and the real-time PERSIANN-CCS-adj were less skillful in representing observed rainfall. While PGFv3 (currently available up to 2010) might be used in Chile for historical analyses and calibration of hydrological models, the high spatial resolution, low latency and long data records of CHIRPS and TMPA 3B42v7 (in transition to IMERG) show promising potential to be used in meteorological studies and water resources assessments. We finally conclude that despite improvements of most SRE products, a site-specific assessment is still needed before any use in catchment-scale hydrological studies.</p>
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.