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FIGURES 167–169. Male calling song. 167—P in Poecilimon bosphoricus group (Orthoptera, Phaneropterinae): iteration of morpho-taxonomy by song characteristics 3225

FIGURES 167–169. Male calling song. 167—P. miramae (Turkey: A-Sakarya; Bulgaria: B-Rhodopian Mts), 168-P. roseoviridis sp.n. (Bulgaria: Strandzha), 169—P. similis (Turkey: Rize),

FIGURE 1 in Description of the advertisement call of Dendropsophus haddadi (Bastos and Pombal 1996) (Anura: Hylidae) from southern Bahia, Brazil

FIGURE 1. Dendropsophus haddadi: (A) an adult male from RPPN "Serra Bonita"; (B) waveform and (C) spectrogram of the advertisement call from "Reserva Ecológica da Michelin"; (D) waveform and (E) spectrogram of the advertisement call from RPPN "Serra Bonita".

FIGURE 1 in The tadpole of the hylodid frog Hylodes ornatus (Bokermann, 1967), including chondrocranium description, and advertisement call

FIGURE 1. Tadpole of Hylodes ornatus, stage 37 of Gosner (1960) form Parque Nacional do Itatiaia, municipality of Itamonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil: (A) lateral (B) ventral and (C) dorsal views (scale 10 mm); (D) oral disc (scale 1 mm); (E) buccal floor and (F) roof (scale 1 mm). Chondrocranium of Hylodes ornatus tadpoles (G) dorsal, (H) ventral and (I) lateral views, (J) ventral view of hyobranchial apparatus; adc, adrostral cartilage; cb I-IV, ceratobranchials I-IV; ch, ceratohyal; cop, copula posterior; cqa, commissura quadratocranialis anterior; ct, cornua trabeculae; fah, facies articularis hyalis; fb, fenestra basicranialis; fcp, foramen caroticum primarium; fo, foramen opticum; foc, foramen oculomotorium; fpi, foramen perilymphaticum inferior; fov, fenestra ovalis; hp, hypobranchial plate; i, infrarostral cartilage; lcp, larval crista parotica; mc, Meckel's cartilage; oc, otic capsule; pab, processus anterior branchialis pah, processus anterior hyalis; pat processus anterolateralis hyalis; pas, processus ascendens; paq, pars articularis quadrati; pm, processus muscularis quadrati; pph, processus posterior hyalis; pq, palatoquadrate; pra, processus retroarticularis; pr, pars reuniens; pu, processus urobranchialis; sa, suprarostral ala; sc, suprarostral corpus; ttm, taenia tecti marginalis. Scale 1.0 mm.

FIGURES 173–174. Male calling song. 173—P in Poecilimon bosphoricus group (Orthoptera, Phaneropterinae): iteration of morpho-taxonomy by song characteristics 3225

FIGURES 173–174. Male calling song. 173—P. tauricus (=P. kusnezovi syn.n.) (Ukraine: Crimea), 174—P. pliginskii (Ukraine: Crimea).

FIGURES 170–172. Male calling song. 170—P in Poecilimon bosphoricus group (Orthoptera, Phaneropterinae): iteration of morpho-taxonomy by song characteristics 3225

FIGURES 170–172. Male calling song. 170—P. bischoffi, (Turkey: A-Rize, Ukraine: B-Crimea), 171—P. scythicus (Ukraine: Lugansk), 172—P. tauricus (Ukraine: Crimea).

FIGURES 159–160A. Male calling song. 159—P in Poecilimon bosphoricus group (Orthoptera, Phaneropterinae): iteration of morpho-taxonomy by song characteristics 3225

FIGURES 159–160A. Male calling song. 159—P. sureyanus (= P. anatolicus syn.n. and P. diversus syn. n.) (Turkey: A Bilecik, B-Bursa, Greece: C-Kavalla), 160—P. turcicus (Greece: A-Mytillini).

FIGURE 1 in The advertisement call of Haddadus binotatus (Spix, 1824) (Anura; Craugastoridae)

FIGURE 1. (A) Oscillogram and spectrogram of the advertisement call of Haddadus binotatus. (B) Voucher specimen (MZUFV 11716; SVL 24.3 mm) (Photo J.V.A. Lacerda).

FIGURE 1 in The advertisement call of Rhinella granulosa (Anura, Bufonidae)

FIGURE 1. (A) Waveform and spectrogram of a single call of Rhinella granulosa from Natal, Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil; (B) waveform and audiospectrogram of five individual notes from the call displayed in (A); (C) R. granulosa calling in life (Photo: Pedro Medeiros).

FIGURE 9 in Advertisement and release calls in Neotropical toads of the Rhinella granulosa group and evidence of natural hybridization between R. bergi and R. major (Anura: Bufonidae)

FIGURE 9. Release calls of Rhinella azarai (A), R. dorbignyi (B), R. fernandezae (C), and R. major (D). Oscillogram (top) and sonogram (bottom).

FIGURE 6 in Advertisement and release calls in Neotropical toads of the Rhinella granulosa group and evidence of natural hybridization between R. bergi and R. major (Anura: Bufonidae)

FIGURE 6. Adult specimens of (A) Rhinella bergi, MLP DB 2845, (B) hybrid of R. bergi x R. major, MLP DB 2736, and C) R. major, unvouchered specimen, from Vera, Santa Fe, Argentina.

FIGURE 7 in Advertisement and release calls in Neotropical toads of the Rhinella granulosa group and evidence of natural hybridization between R. bergi and R. major (Anura: Bufonidae)

FIGURE 7. Advertisement calls of three hybrid specimens of Rhinella bergi x R. major, MLP DB 2674 (A), MLP DB 2736 (B), and MLP DB 2734 (C). Oscillogram (top) and sonogram (center) of a single call, and oscillogram with some few notes (bottom).

FIGURE 5 in Advertisement and release calls in Neotropical toads of the Rhinella granulosa group and evidence of natural hybridization between R. bergi and R. major (Anura: Bufonidae)

FIGURE 5. Advertisement calls of Rhinella bergi (A), and R. major (B). Oscillogram (top) and sonogram (center) of a single call, and oscillogram of two notes (bottom).

FIGURE 1 in Advertisement and release calls in Neotropical toads of the Rhinella granulosa group and evidence of natural hybridization between R. bergi and R. major (Anura: Bufonidae)

FIGURE 1. Geographic distribution of the populations of the Rhinella granulosa group studied in this work. The numbers indicate the localities sampled in Argentina and Uruguay. For details of the localities see Appendix 1.

FIGURE 4 in Advertisement and release calls in Neotropical toads of the Rhinella granulosa group and evidence of natural hybridization between R. bergi and R. major (Anura: Bufonidae)

FIGURE 4. Advertisement calls of Rhinella azarai (A), R. centralis (B), and R. merianae. Oscillogram (top) and sonogram (center) of a single call, and oscillogram with some few notes (bottom).

FIGURE 3 in Advertisement and release calls in Neotropical toads of the Rhinella granulosa group and evidence of natural hybridization between R. bergi and R. major (Anura: Bufonidae)

FIGURE 3. Advertisement calls of Rhinella dorbignyi (A and B), and R. fernandezae (C). Oscillogram (top) and sonogram (center) of a single call, and oscillogram with some few notes (bottom of A and C), and short trills (bottom of B).

FIGURE 2 in Advertisement and release calls in Neotropical toads of the Rhinella granulosa group and evidence of natural hybridization between R. bergi and R. major (Anura: Bufonidae)

FIGURE 2. Adult specimens of (A) Rhinella azarai, (B) R. bergi, (C) R. dorbignyi, (D) R. fernandezae, and (E) R. major.

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FIGURE 1. A in Acoustic characteristics of the advertisement call of Trachycephalus atlas Bokermann, 1966 (Anura: Hylidae)

FIGURE 1. A) Adult male Trachycephalus atlas from the Raso da Catarina Ecological Station, Bahia, Brazil. (B–C) Advertisement call of T. atlas. B—waveform, C—audioespectrogram.

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FIGURE 9. Male calling song. A–C, A in Anterastes davrazensis sp. n. (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae): morphology, song and 16S rDNA phylogeny

FIGURE 9. Male calling song. A–C, A. davrazensis sp. n.: A—irregular syllable groups, B—a group of syllables, C—opening and closing hemisyllable; D–F, A. uludaghensis: D—regular echemes, E—groups of echemes, F—opening and closing hemisyllable.

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FIGURE 1. A in Advertisement and territorial calls of Brachycephalus pitanga (Anura: Brachycephalidae)

FIGURE 1. A) Oscillogram illustrating macro structural differences between advertisement (up) and territorial calls (down) of Brachycephalus pitanga in Santa Virgínia. B) Agonistic interaction between males of B. pitanga. C) Oscillogram, sonogram, and power spectrum of a note of the advertisement call. D) Oscillogram, sonogram, and power spectrum of a note of the territorial call.