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Figure 3 in The lure of hidden death: development of an attract-and-kill strategy against Agriotes obscurus (Coleoptera: Elateridae) combining semiochemicals and entomopathogenic nematodes

Figure 3. Mean number of holes in the potato food source after infection according to nematode populations across time ((S. carpocapsae e-nema: χ2 = 73.62, p <0.001; S. feltiae AM25: χ2 = 5.03, p = 0.02, respectively). Light bars correspond to the treatments without potato extract, and the dark bars correspond to the treatments with addition of potato extract. Error bars represent the standard error of the mean.

Figure 5 in The lure of hidden death: development of an attract-and-kill strategy against Agriotes obscurus (Coleoptera: Elateridae) combining semiochemicals and entomopathogenic nematodes

Figure 5. Proportion of molting wireworms according to nematode population across time (χ2 = 0.17, p = 0.92). Light bars correspond to the treatments without potato extract, and the dark bars correspond to the treatments with addition of potato extract. Error bars represent 95% confidence intervals.

Figure 1 in The lure of hidden death: development of an attract-and-kill strategy against Agriotes obscurus (Coleoptera: Elateridae) combining semiochemicals and entomopathogenic nematodes

Figure 1. Proportion of dead wireworms over time after the application of different nematode strains (χ2 = 57.76, p <0.001). Hb stands for Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, Sc stands for Steinernema carpocapsae, and Sf stands for Steinernema feltiae. Control corresponds to absence of EPNs. The stars indicate that the concerned strains are responsible for a significantly higher mortality (Tukey HSD; p <0.05).

Figure 4 in The lure of hidden death: development of an attract-and-kill strategy against Agriotes obscurus (Coleoptera: Elateridae) combining semiochemicals and entomopathogenic nematodes

Figure 4. Proportion of dead wireworms according to nematode populations across time. Light bars correspond to the treatments without potato extract (χ2 = 0.96; p = 0.62), and the dark bars correspond to the treatments with addition of potato extract (χ2 = 6.50; p = 0.01). Error bars represent 95% confidence intervals.

opencc-by-4.0May 2015View details →

Fig. 3 in Characterization of sounds in maize produced by internally feeding insects: investigations to develop inexpensive devices for detection of Prostephanus truncatus (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) and Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in small-scale storage facilities in sub-Saharan Africa

Fig. 3. Effects of distance on detectability of larval sound impulses. Horizontal axis indicates the mean distance between the larval pouch and the sensor; vertical axis indicates the log10-transformed mean rate of impulses detected at that distance. Bars indicate the standard error of mean transformed rate.

opencc-by-4.0May 2015View details →

Fig. 1 in Characterization of sounds in maize produced by internally feeding insects: investigations to develop inexpensive devices for detection of Prostephanus truncatus (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) and Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in small-scale storage facilities in sub-Saharan Africa

Fig. 1. Spectral profiles of 4 distinctive types of larval sound impulses detected in cracked corn: HaNb, solid line; Ma, dashed line, Ha, dash-dot-dotted line, and La, dotted line. Horizontal axis indicates frequency in kHz and vertical axis indicates relative spectrum amplitude in dB.

opencc-by-4.0May 2015View details →

Fig. 2 in Characterization of sounds in maize produced by internally feeding insects: investigations to develop inexpensive devices for detection of Prostephanus truncatus (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) and Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in small-scale storage facilities in sub-Saharan Africa

Fig. 2. Oscillogram of sound impulses recorded 10 cm from pouch containing Sitophilus oryzae larvae. Examples of 3 types of larval sound impulse occur during the 1 s period, and one example each of type (Ha, La, and HaNb) is marked above the impulse. Horizontal axis indicates time in seconds and vertical axis indicates relative signal amplitude.

Fig. 5 in Parasitic development in intestines and oocyst shedding patterns for infection by Eimeria uekii and Eimeria raichoi in Japanese rock ptarmigans, Lagopus muta japonica, protected by cages in the Southern Japanese Alps

Fig. 5. Eimeria oocysts (E. uekii) isolated from soil inside the cage (cage No. 6) (A) on Mt. Kita (35̊40′N, 138̊14′E), one of their habitats in the southern Japanese Alps and on Mt. Norikura as other habitats on northern Japanese Alps (B). In Fig. A, the sporocysts and sporozoites are clearly formed.

Fig. 4 in Parasitic development in intestines and oocyst shedding patterns for infection by Eimeria uekii and Eimeria raichoi in Japanese rock ptarmigans, Lagopus muta japonica, protected by cages in the Southern Japanese Alps

Fig. 4. Number of oocysts per gram (OPG) as seasonal detection rate for E. raichoi of hens (solid bars) and chicks (open bars) in cage Nos. 4–6 in 2019. Double arrows show the periods during which feces of hens were examined. ND indicates that we could not collect feces and did not determine the OPG.

Fig. 2 in Parasitic development in intestines and oocyst shedding patterns for infection by Eimeria uekii and Eimeria raichoi in Japanese rock ptarmigans, Lagopus muta japonica, protected by cages in the Southern Japanese Alps

Fig. 2. Histopathological photomicrograph of a section of the intestines of dead chicks during cage protection in 2018. Figs. A and B show developmental trophozoites (arrows) and schizonts (arrows) of Eimeria spp. at the epithelial cells of the colon (Chick c) and ileum (Chick a), respectively. Some zoites (arrows) invade into submucosa (ileum of Chick b) (Fig. C). Figs. D, E, and F show the sexual zoites or cavities after releasing oocysts (arrows) of the ileum (Chick a), ceca (Chick d), and ileum (Chick c). Arrowheads in Fig. F indicate hemorrhages in the intestinal mucosa.

Fig. 1 in Parasitic development in intestines and oocyst shedding patterns for infection by Eimeria uekii and Eimeria raichoi in Japanese rock ptarmigans, Lagopus muta japonica, protected by cages in the Southern Japanese Alps

Fig. 1. Shelter used for cage protection of Japanese rock ptarmigan broods on Mt. Kita (35̊40′N, 138̊14′E), Japan in 2019.

Fig. 5 in Food quality influences ovarian development in Scyphophorus acupunctatus (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae)

Fig. 5. Average number (± SEM) of follicles per ovariole in Scyphophorus acupunctatus at 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 45, and 60 d of age fed on meridic diet (solid bars) and tuberose bulbs (empty bars). Bars within the same age with different letters indicate significant differences (Tukey multiple comparison test, *P <0.05).

Fig. 6 in Food quality influences ovarian development in Scyphophorus acupunctatus (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae)

Fig. 6. (A) Average length (± SEM) and (B) area (± SEM) of proximal follicles in female of Scyphophorus acupunctatus at 10, 15, 20, 30, 45, and 60 d of age fed on meridic diet (solid bars) and tuberose bulbs (empty bars). Bars within the same age with different letters indicate significant differences (Tukey multiple comparison test, *P <0.05).

Fig. 4 in Food quality influences ovarian development in Scyphophorus acupunctatus (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae)

Fig. 4. Ovarian maturation of Scyphophorus acupunctatus females (%) at different ages fed on meridic diet (lef) and tuberose bulb (right), n = 12 of each age and type of diet.

Fig. 2 in Food quality influences ovarian development in Scyphophorus acupunctatus (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae)

Fig. 2. Follicles of Scyphophorus acupunctatus in different stages of development. (A) Oocyte (o) located in the distal part of the vitellarium, further developed oocyte surrounded by follicular epithelium (fe) showing germinal vesicle (gv), peritoneal sheath (sh), trachea (tr), tracheoles (trl); (B) Gradual maturation of follicles (fo) with yolk (yo) and germinal vesicle (gv); (C) Mature follicle located in the proximal part of the vitellarium with yolk (yo).

Fig. 1 in Food quality influences ovarian development in Scyphophorus acupunctatus (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae)

Fig. 1. (A) Female reproductive system of Scyphophorus acupunctatus formed by 2 ovaries (ov), germarium (g), vitellarium (v), oocyte (o), lateral oviduct (lo), common oviduct (co), spermatheca (s), and genital chamber (gc); (B) Distal part of the germarium (g) with bulky appearance possibly with trophocytes, prefollicular cells, and oogonia, terminal filament (tf), trachea (tr), tracheoles (trl); and (C) Approach to the onset of vitellarium with oocytes in development, germinal vesicle (gv), interfollicular tissue (tif), trachea (tr), and tracheoles (trl).

Fig. 3 in Food quality influences ovarian development in Scyphophorus acupunctatus (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae)

Fig. 3. Sequence of developmental stages of ovarian maturation of Scyphophorus acupunctatus females. N1: without follicles, no clear differentiation between germarium and vitellarium; N2: ovarioles begin to differentiate (germarium and vitellarium), follicles begin to form but not yet mature; N3: ovarioles completely differentiated, proximal follicle mature and ready to be ovulated, no follicular relics present; PA: follicles in oviducts; PB: presence of follicular relics. N = nulliparous.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2018View details →

Fig. 1 in Effect of four multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus isolates on the larval mortality and development of Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): determination of virus production and mean time to death

Fig. 1. Mean time of death calculated for third-instar larvae of Spodoptera exigua. The numbers above the columns indicate the values calculated for 3 replications. The columns headed by the same letter are not significantly different (Weibull analysis, α = 1.96).

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2018View details →

Fig. 2 in Effect of food deprivation on hydrilla tip mining midge survival and subsequent development

Fig. 2. Effect of starvation post-hatch on the eclosion of Cricotopus lebetis adults from hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata) stems in test tubes. Midge eclosion was defined as observing an adult C. lebetis in the test tube. Bars represent mean percentage midge eclosion ± standard error of the mean. Statistical differences between the midge eclosion observed afer different starvation periods post-hatch are indicated by different letters.