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FIGURE 7 in Revisions of Australian ground-hunting spiders. V. A new lycosoid genus from eastern Australia (Araneae: Tengellidae)
FIGURE 7. Austrotengella monteithi, sp. nov., holotype male QM S57227, palpal tibia, cymbium and bulb: ventral view (a) and retrolateral view (b).
FIGURE 11 in Revisions of Australian ground-hunting spiders. V. A new lycosoid genus from eastern Australia (Araneae: Tengellidae)
FIGURE 11. Austrotengella plimeri, sp. nov., male, palpal tibia, cymbium and bulb: ventral view (a) and retrolateral view (b). Scale line=0.5mm. Allotype, female QMS30401 c, d. epigyne, external (c) and internal (d) views.
Personality predicts mode of attack in a generalist ground spider predator
<p><span>Personality traits, such as boldness and/or aggressiveness, have long been accepted to have a profound influence on many aspects of the lives of animals, including foraging. However, little is known about how personality traits shape the use of a particular attack strategy. Ground spiders use either venom or silk attack to immobilise prey. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that behavioural differences among individuals (namely boldness, measured as the time spent exploring a novel environment; and aggressiveness, measured as the number of killed but not consumed prey) drive the use of a particular attack strategy. We used a generalist ground spider, Drassodes lapidosus, and recorded the mode of attack on two types of prey, dangerous and safe. Moreover, we measured the size of the venom gland to test the relationship between the size of venom volume and the personality, as well as the mode of attack. Drassodes individuals showed consistent behavioural differences in the way they attacked prey. Venom attack was significantly related to increased aggressiveness when attacking spider (dangerous) prey and to increased boldness when attacking cricket (safe) prey. Silk attack was more frequently used by shy (for cricket prey) and docile (for spider prey). The volume of venom was not related to the attack strategy. We conclude that personality traits are important drivers of prey capture behaviour in gener</span><span>alist ground spiders.</span></p>
FIGURE 8. Portuguese Harpactea spiders. Vulva. A. H in Review of Harpactea ground-dwelling spiders (Araneae: Dysderidae) of Portugal
FIGURE 8. Portuguese Harpactea spiders. Vulva. A. H. magnibulbi. Portugal: Fóia; B. H. korenkoi sp. nov. Portugal: Carrapateira; C. H. crespoi sp. nov. Portugal: Sobral da Adiça; D. H. algarvensis. Portugal: Barranco do Velho; E. H. tavirensis. Portugal: Barranco do Velho. Views: dor.—dorsal, fro.—anterior, hin.—posterior, ven.—ventral. Structures: aa—anterior arc, cb—copulatory bursa, kp—keel-like projection, mr—median rod, pd—posterior diverticle, s—spermatheca, tb—posterior transversal bar, th—transversal hinge, wt—whitish tissue.
FIGURE 6. Portuguese Harpactea spiders. Vulva. A. H in Review of Harpactea ground-dwelling spiders (Araneae: Dysderidae) of Portugal
FIGURE 6. Portuguese Harpactea spiders. Vulva. A. H. fageli. Portugal: Setúbal; B. H. henriquesi sp. nov. Portugal: Torres Novas; C. H. pekari sp. nov. Portugal: Corredoura. Views: dor.—dorsal, fro.—anterior, hin.—posterior, ven.—ventral. Structures: aa—anterior arc, cb—copulatory bursa, kp—keel-like projection, mr—median rod, pd—posterior diverticle, s—spermatheca, tb—posterior transversal bar, th—transversal hinge, wt—whitish tissue. The photos in grey scale are made under the scanning electron microscope.
FIGURE 5. Portuguese Harpactea spiders. Right male bulbus. A. H in Review of Harpactea ground-dwelling spiders (Araneae: Dysderidae) of Portugal
FIGURE 5. Portuguese Harpactea spiders. Right male bulbus. A. H. adicensis sp. nov. Portugal: Sobral da Adiça; B. H. algarvensis. Portugal: Barranco do Velho; C. H. krejcii sp. nov. Portugal: Ameixial; D. H. dolanskyi sp. nov. Portugal: Mertola; E. H. tavirensis. Portugal: Barranco do Velho; F. H. crespoi sp. nov. Portugal: Sobral da Adiça. Structures: c—conductor, e—embolus, t—tegulum. The photos in grey scale are made under the scanning electron microscope.
FIGURE 3. Portuguese Harpactea spiders. Male pedipalp. A, C, D, G, H, J, M, N in Review of Harpactea ground-dwelling spiders (Araneae: Dysderidae) of Portugal
FIGURE 3. Portuguese Harpactea spiders. Male pedipalp. A, C, D, G, H, J, M, N—right pedipalp, prolateral view; B, E, F, I, K, L—left pedipalp, retrolateral view. A. H. fageli. Portugal: Setúbal; B. H. gaditana. Portugal: Alcomgosta; C. H. henriquesi sp. nov. Portugal: Torres Novas; D. H. pekari sp. nov. Portugal: Corredoura; E. H. minoccii. Portugal: Mertola; F. H. subiasi. Portugal: Setúbal; G. H. magnibulbi. Portugal: Fóia; H. H. korenkoi sp. nov. Portugal: Carrapateira; I. H. adicensis sp. nov. Portugal: Sobral da Adiça; J. H. algarvensis. Portugal: Barranco do Velho; K. H. krejcii sp. nov. Portugal: Ameixial; L. H. dolanskyi sp. nov. Portugal: Mertola; M. H. tavirensis. Portugal: Barranco do Velho; N. H. crespoi sp. nov. Portugal: Sobral da Adiça.
FIGURE 2 in Review of Harpactea ground-dwelling spiders (Araneae: Dysderidae) of Portugal
FIGURE 2. Portuguese Harpactea spiders. Right male chelicera. Above anterior (G, J, L, M) or posterior view (A, B, C, D, E, F, H, I, K, N); below median view. A. H. fageli. Portugal: Setúbal; B. H. gaditana. Portugal: Alcomgosta; C. H. henriquesi sp. nov. Portugal: Torres Novas; D. H. pekari sp. nov. Portugal: Corredoura; E. H. minoccii. Portugal: Mertola; F. H. subiasi. Portugal: Setúbal; G. H. magnibulbi. Portugal: Fóia; H. H. korenkoi sp. nov. Portugal: Carrapateira; I. H. adicensis sp. nov. Portugal: Sobral da Adiça; J. H. algarvensis. Portugal: Barranco do Velho; K. H. krejcii sp. nov. Portugal: Ameixial; L. H. dolanskyi sp. nov. Portugal: Mertola; M. H. tavirensis. Portugal: Barranco do Velho; N. H. crespoi sp. nov. Portugal: Sobral da Adiça.
FIGURE 7. Portuguese Harpactea spiders. Vulva. A. H in Review of Harpactea ground-dwelling spiders (Araneae: Dysderidae) of Portugal
FIGURE 7. Portuguese Harpactea spiders. Vulva. A. H. minoccii. Portugal: Mertola; B. H. subiasi. Portugal: Setúbal. Views: dor.—dorsal, fro.—anterior, hin.—posterior, ven.—ventral. Structures: aa—anterior arc, cb—copulatory bursa, kp—keel-like projection, mr—median rod, pd—posterior diverticle, s—spermatheca, tb—posterior transversal bar, th—transversal hinge, wt—whitish tissue. The photo in grey scale is made under the scanning electron microscope.
FIGURE 1 in Review of Harpactea ground-dwelling spiders (Araneae: Dysderidae) of Portugal
FIGURE 1. Portuguese Harpactea spiders. Males (dorsal view). A. H. fageli. Portugal: Setúbal; B. H. gaditana. Portugal: Alcomgosta; C. H. henriquesi sp. nov. Portugal: Torres Novas; D. H. pekari sp. nov. Portugal: Corredoura; E. H. minoccii. Portugal: Mertola; F. H. subiasi. Portugal: Setúbal; G. H. magnibulbi. Portugal: Fóia; H. H. korenkoi sp. nov. Portugal: Carrapateira; I. H. adicensis sp. nov. Portugal: Sobral da Adiça; J. H. algarvensis. Portugal: Barranco do Velho; K. H. krejcii sp. nov. Portugal: Ameixial; L. H. dolanskyi sp. nov. Portugal: Mertola; M. H. tavirensis. Portugal: Barranco do Velho; N. H. crespoi sp. nov. Portugal: Sobral da Adiça.
FIGURE 4. Portuguese Harpactea spiders. Right male bulbus. A. H in Review of Harpactea ground-dwelling spiders (Araneae: Dysderidae) of Portugal
FIGURE 4. Portuguese Harpactea spiders. Right male bulbus. A. H. fageli. Portugal: Setúbal; B. H. gaditana. Portugal: Alcomgosta; C. H. henriquesi sp. nov. Portugal: Torres Novas; D. H. pekari sp. nov. Portugal: Corredoura; E. H. minoccii. Portugal: Mertola; F. H. subiasi. Portugal: Setúbal; G. H. magnibulbi. Portugal: Fóia; H. H. korenkoi sp. nov. Portugal: Carrapateira. Structures: c—conductor, e—embolus, t—tegulum. The photos in grey scale are made under the scanning electron microscope.
FIGURE 9 in Review of Harpactea ground-dwelling spiders (Araneae: Dysderidae) of Portugal
FIGURE 9. Known distribution of Portuguese Harpactea species. In each map the first species is represented by a transparent circle and the second species by a black diamond: A) H. adicensis & H. algarvensis; B) H. crespoi & H. dolanskyi; C) H. fageli & H. gaditana; D) H. henriquesi & H. hombergii; E) H. korenkoi & H. krejcii; F) H. magnibulbi & H. minoccii; G) H. pekari & H. proxima; H) H. stalitoides & H. subiasi; I) H. tavirensis.
Personality predicts mode of attack in a generalist ground spider predator
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Data from: Ten-year responses of ground-dwelling spiders to retention harvest in the boreal forest
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Data from: Small- to large-scale patterns of ground-dwelling spider (Araneae) diversity across northern Canada
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Figures 15-17 in The first lowland species of the Holarctic alpine ground spider genus Parasyrisca (Araneae, Gnaphosidae) from Hungary
Figures 15-17. Seasonal vegetation changes on the habitat of Parasyrisca arrabonica: 15 summer vegetation dominated by the late-coming pink (Dianthus serotinus) 16 winter vegetation of the habitat 17 spring vegetation characterized by different feather grasses (Stipa capillata, S. borysthenica).
Figures 10-11 in The first lowland species of the Holarctic alpine ground spider genus Parasyrisca (Araneae, Gnaphosidae) from Hungary
Figures 10-11. Parasyrisca arrabonica Szinetár & Eichardt, sp. n. male bulb, close-ups: 10 male pedipalp, ventral view, close-up 11 bulbus, prolateral view, conductor removed (c – conductor, e – embolus, ta – terminal apophysis), showing the long embolus and base of the terminal apophysis.
Fig. 6 in On the taxonomic validity of Indian ground spiders: II. Genera Drassyllus Chamberlin, 1922 and Nodocion Chamberlin, 1922 (Araneae: Gnaphosidae)
Fig. 6. Setaphis browni (Tucker, 1923), ♀, holotype of Liodrassus mandae Tikader & Gajbe, 1977 (NZC-ZSI-5018/18). A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Eyes of the same, dorsal view. C. Epigyne, ventral view. D. Same, dorsal view. E. Label from type bottle. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B–D = 0.2 mm.
Fig. 3 in On the taxonomic validity of Indian ground spiders: II. Genera Drassyllus Chamberlin, 1922 and Nodocion Chamberlin, 1922 (Araneae: Gnaphosidae)
Fig. 3. Cryptodrassus mahabalei (Tikader, 1982) comb. nov., ♀, holotype of Drassyllus mahabalei Tikader, 1982 (NZC-ZSI-5044/18). A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Eyes of the same, dorsal view. C. Epigyne, ventral view. D. Same, dorsal view. E. Label from type bottle. Scale bars: A = 2 mm; B = 0.5 mm; C–D = 0.2 mm.
Fig. 5 in On the taxonomic validity of Indian ground spiders: II. Genera Drassyllus Chamberlin, 1922 and Nodocion Chamberlin, 1922 (Araneae: Gnaphosidae)
Fig. 5. "Setaphis" solanensis (Tikader & Gajbe, 1977) comb. nov., ♀, holotype of Nodocion solanensis Tikader & Gajbe, 1977 (NZC-ZSI-5002/18). A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Eyes of the same, dorsal view. C. Epigyne, ventral view. D. Same, dorsal view. E. Label from type bottle. Scale bars: A = 2 mm; B = 0.2 mm; C–D = 0.5 mm.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.