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Figure 1. Adult female Maevia inclemens. 1-2, 6 in Stabilizing selection to maintain the two male forms of the jumping spider Maevia inclemens (Araneae: Salticidae: Marpissina)

Figure 1. Adult female Maevia inclemens. 1-2, 6, Feeding on a small fly (Diptera: Brachycera). 3-4, Feeding on a small robber fly (Diptera: Ascilidae). With the exception of Figure 5:8, only three M. inclemens individuals, two males and one female, all photographed on plants in the laboratory, are shown in this paper. All were collected in Massachusetts, June 2020.

Figure 7 in Extension of fangs during the predatory jumps of jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae)

Figure 7. Microanatomy of the teeth of the tyrannosaurid dinosaur Gorgonopsis. 1, Drawing of the skull of G. libratus by Danielle Dufault. 2, Sagittal sections through the distal and mesial carinae (sharp edges) of a maxillary tooth (ROM 57981) of a cf. Gogonopsis sp. Abbreviations: dej, dentine-enamel junction; e, enamel; if, interdental fold; is, interdental sulcus; pd, primary dentine. Figure adapted from Brink et al. (2015), used under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license.

Figure 3. Adult female Tutelina elegans. 1-4 in Fluorescence in jumping spiders of the genus Tutelina (Araneae: Salticidae: Dendryphantini)

Figure 3. Adult female Tutelina elegans. 1-4, Flash photographs of female from Greenville County, South Carolina. 5-6, Female from Massachusetts. 7-13, Blacklight (NUV, peak 395 nm) photos of female from Greenville County, South Carolina. The brighter, cyan structures are fluorescent.

Figure 2 in Extension of fangs during the predatory jumps of jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae)

Figure 2. Large grasshopper held safely and securely by the fangs of a Phidippus carolinensis Peckham & Peckham 1909, suspended on its dragline, and photographed at Ft. Sill, Oklahoma (1 JUL 2013). Photo credits: 1-3, © Victor W. Fazio III (iNaturalist), modified under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial International (CC BY-NC 4.0) license.

Figure 7 in Stabilizing selection to maintain the two male forms of the jumping spider Maevia inclemens (Araneae: Salticidae: Marpissina)

Figure 7. Sequential positions (1-10) of the tufted male Maevia inclemens as he advanced toward the female in a later mating attempt (after Figure 6).

Figure 4 in Extension of fangs during the predatory jumps of jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae)

Figure 4 (continued from previous page). Selected frames from a 1920 fps video record of an adult female Psecas viridipurpureus leaping to capture an orthopteran. 7-18, Contact with legs I and II preceded the bite of this spider with its chelicerae by several milliseconds, and simultaneous flexion of those legs appeared to contribute to the force of that bite. After legs IV were disengaged, legs I-III continued to hold the prey. If this prey were not held in place, recoil of the extended dragline may have pulled that prey free of its hold on a surface (Hill 2018a; see Figure 2).

Figure 2. Adult male Tutelina elegans. 1-4 in Fluorescence in jumping spiders of the genus Tutelina (Araneae: Salticidae: Dendryphantini)

Figure 2. Adult male Tutelina elegans. 1-4, Flash photographs of male from Massachusetts. 5, Male from Greenville county, South Carolina. 6-12, Blacklight (NUV, peak 395 nm) photos of male from Greenville County, South Carolina. The brighter, cyan structures are fluorescent.

Figure 1 in First records of the jumping spider genus Irura Peckham & Peckham 1901 (Araneae: Salticidae: Simaethina) from India

Figure 1. Landsat-based map of south and southeast Asia, with records of all species of Irura that have been described to date. White circles represent species known from a single locality. Records (20), (32) and (33) represent spiders identified from photographs published on iNaturalist and FLICKR.

Figure 10 in Stabilizing selection to maintain the two male forms of the jumping spider Maevia inclemens (Araneae: Salticidae: Marpissina)

Figure 10. Attempted mating by the grey male Maevia inclemens. This sequence shows how the male jumped the female while she was suspended from her dragline, just after capturing a fly (1), and attempted to mate with her (2). The female promptly released her prey, and the male then fed on it for many minutes (3-4), still in a suspended position [23 JUNE 2020 14:09- 14:13]. Three days later this male approached and mated successfully with the female for a second time (Figures 5:1-7, 9:7).

opencc-by-nd-4.0Oct 2021View details →

Figure 1 in Multiple broods of the jumping spider Asemonea tenuipes (Araneae: Salticidae: Asemoneinae)

Figure 1 (continued on next page). Multiple broods of a female Asemonea tenuipes, in a single nest. 1, Female attending to the 20 eggs of her first brood. 2, Same female, now gravid, with 20 emergent first instars from her first brood eight days later.

Figure 4 in Extension of fangs during the predatory jumps of jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae)

Figure 4 (continued on next page). Selected frames from a 1920 fps video record of an adult female Psecas viridipurpureus leaping to capture a field cricket. The number of each frame is shown in brackets. 1, The estimated scale and takeoff velocity (~120 cm/s) are based on Galiano's (1963) record of the size of a female P. viridipurpureus (~13 mm, prosoma length 4.8 mm, abdomen length 8.6 mm; see also Figure 5). Compared to earlier records (Hill 2018b), this represents a very high takeoff velocity for a salticid, comparable to that attained by Colonus puerperus. White arrows (1-4, 6) point to the extended fangs. In (6) both fangs are visible. Also note elevation of the pedipalps prior to contact with the prey. Locality: Rio Preto da Eva, Amazonas, 69117-000, Brasil (2.701472°S, 59.71042°W).

Figure 5 in Stabilizing selection to maintain the two male forms of the jumping spider Maevia inclemens (Araneae: Salticidae: Marpissina)

Figure 5. Display by grey males, Maevia inclemens. 1-7, Successive (low crawl) positions of the grey male male from Massachusetts, advancing to successfully mate with the female. When close, this male jumped and captured the female (Figure 9:7). 8, Display by a grey male from Sherburne County, Minnesota, recorded in 1982.

Figure 2 in Stabilizing selection to maintain the two male forms of the jumping spider Maevia inclemens (Araneae: Salticidae: Marpissina)

Figure 2. Adult male Maevia inclemens, grey (striped) form. Note the stripes on the prolateral surface of each femur.

Figure 11 in Stabilizing selection to maintain the two male forms of the jumping spider Maevia inclemens (Araneae: Salticidae: Marpissina)

Figure 11. Sequential (1-2) views of encounter between the two male forms of Maevia inclemens. Apart from a brief defensive reaction by the grey male (2), no ritual combat ensued and the males did not appear to recognize that they were conspecific.

Figure 1. Female Tutelina elegans with prey. 1 in Fluorescence in jumping spiders of the genus Tutelina (Araneae: Salticidae: Dendryphantini)

Figure 1. Female Tutelina elegans with prey. 1, Feeding on a large ant (Formica), Occoquan Bay National Wildlife Refuge, Woodbridge, Virginia, 4 SEP 2016. 2, Feeding on midge (Chironomus), Bear Creek Lake State Park, Cumberland, Virginia, 4 OCT 2020. Photographs by Judy Gallagher, used under a Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic (CC BY 2.0) license.

Figure 6 in First records of the jumping spider genus Irura Peckham & Peckham 1901 (Araneae: Salticidae: Simaethina) from India

Figure 6. Adult male Irura mandarina from Kudal Town, in alcohol. 1-3, Ventral (1), retrolateral (2) and dorsal (3) views of left pedipalp. 4, Prolateral (anterior) view of left leg I.

Figure 9 in Extension of fangs during the predatory jumps of jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae)

Figure 9. Sequential positions of two adult male Paraphidippus aurantius (Greenville County, South Carolina, 27 JUN 2021) during an agonistic encounter on a plant in the laboratory. Combat included alternating advance and retreat by each male (e.g., 3 steps forward followed by 2 steps to the rear, resulting in gradual advancement to direct contact). Like Zygoballus (Figure 7), these also have greatly enlarged chelicerae with large spines near the base that can play a role in later grappling stages of combat, if necessary. In this example, no harm was done as the spider on the left soon fled from the scene.

opencc-by-nd-4.0Apr 2022View details →

Figure 8 in New records of the jumping spider Dexippus pengi Wang & Li, 2020 (Araneae: Salticidae: Plexippina) in India

Figure 8. Known distribution of Dexippus pengi Wang & Li, 2020. Blue circles = new records from India, red circles = type localities in Yunnan, China.