Find research datasets worth reusing

Data from: The response of migratory populations to phenological change: a Migratory Flow Network modelling approach

1. Declines in migratory species have been linked to anthropogenic climate change through phenological mismatch, which arises due to asynchronies between the timing of life-history events (such as migration) and the phenology of available resources. Long-distance migratory species may be particularly vulnerable to phenological change in their breeding ranges, since the timing of migration departure is based on environmental cues at distant non-breeding sites. 2. Migrants may, however, be able to adjust migration speed en route to the breeding grounds and thus ability of migrants to update their timing of migration may depend critically on stopover frequency during migration; however, understanding how migratory strategy influences population dynamics is hindered by a lack of predictive models explicitly linking habitat quality to demography and movement patterns throughout the migratory cycle. 3. Here, we present a novel modelling framework, the Migratory Flow Network (MFN), in which the seasonally varying attractiveness of breeding, winter, and stopover regions drives the direction and timing of migration based on a simple general flux law. 4. We use the MFN to investigate how populations respond to shifts in breeding site phenology based on their frequency of stopover and ability to detect and adapt to these changes. 5. With perfect knowledge of advancing phenology, 'jump' migrants (low frequency stopover) require more adaptation for populations to recover than 'hop' and 'skip' (high or medium frequency stopover) migrants. If adaptation depends on proximity, hop and skip migrants' populations can recover but jump migrants cannot adjust and decline severely. 6. These results highlight the importance of understanding migratory strategies and maintaining high-quality stopover habitat to buffer migratory populations from climate-induced mismatch. 7. We discuss how MFNs could be applied to diverse migratory taxa, and highlight the potential of MFNs as a tool for exploring how migrants respond to other environmental changes such as habitat loss.

Data from: Genomic heterogeneity of historical gene flow between two species of newts inferred from transcriptome data

The role of gene flow in species formation is a major unresolved issue in speciation biology. Progress in this area requires information on the long-term patterns of gene flow between diverging species. Here, we used thousands of single-nucleotide polymorphisms derived from transcriptome resequencing and a method modeling the joint frequency spectrum of these polymorphisms to reconstruct patterns of historical gene flow between two Lissotriton newts: L. vulgaris (Lv) and L. montandoni (Lm). We tested several models of divergence including complete isolation and various scenarios of historical gene flow. The model of secondary contact received the highest support. According to this model, the species split from their common ancestor ca. 5.5 million years (MY) ago, evolved in isolation for ca. 2 MY, and have been exchanging genes for the last 3.5 MY Demographic changes have been inferred in both species, with the current effective population size of ca. 0.7 million in Lv and 0.2 million in Lm. The postdivergence gene flow resulted in two-directional introgression which affected the genomes of both species, but was more pronounced from Lv to Lm. Interestingly, we found evidence for genomic heterogeneity of interspecific gene flow. This study demonstrates the complexity of long-term gene flow between distinct but incompletely reproductively isolated taxa which divergence was initiated millions of years ago.

opencc-zeroDec 2012View details →

Data from: A computational model of flow between the microscale respiratory structures of fish gills

The gills of most teleost fishes are covered by plate-like structures, the secondary lamellae, that provide the bulk of the respiratory surface area. Water passing over the secondary lamellae exchanges gases with blood passing through the secondary lamellae, forming a system that has served as a classic model of counter-current exchange. In this study, a computational model of flow around the secondary lamellae is used to examine the hydrodynamic consequences of changes to the lamellar morphology. Consistent with previous studies, the interlamellar distance is found to strongly affect the hydrodynamic resistance of the gills. However, the presence of a small gap between the tips of the secondary lamellae is found to have a similar strong effect on the hydrodynamic resistance and flow patterns within the gills. The results from this model have been generally formulated, allowing the calculation of the hydrodynamic resistance for measured morphometric parameters. These results provide a new basis for comparing theoretical predictions of the gill resistance with measured values, and provide a general model for examining the diversity gill morphologies observed in teleost fishes.

opencc-zeroDec 2017View details →

Data from: Urbanization as a facilitator of gene flow in a human health pest

Urban fragmentation can reduce gene flow that isolates populations, reduces genetic diversity and increases population differentiation, all of which have negative conservation implications. Alternatively, gene flow may actually be increased among urban areas consistent with an urban facilitation model. In fact, urban adapter pests are able to thrive in the urban environment and may be experiencing human-mediated transport. Here, we used social network theory with a population genetic approach to investigate the impact of urbanization on genetic connectivity in the Western black widow spider, as an urban pest model of human health concern. We collected genomewide SNP variation from mitochondrial and nuclear ddRAD sequence datasets from 210 individuals sampled from 11 urban and 10 non-urban locales across its distribution of the Western U.S. From urban and non-urban contrasts of population, phylogenetic, and network analyses, urban locales have higher within-population genetic diversity, lower between-population genetic differentiation, and higher estimates of genetic connectivity. Social network analyses show that urban locales not only have more connections, but can act as hubs that drive connectivity among non-urban locales, which show signatures of historical isolation. These results are consistent with an urban facilitation model of gene flow, and demonstrate the importance of sampling multiple cities and markers to identify the role that urbanization has had on larger spatial scales. As the urban landscape continues to grow, this approach will help determine what factors influence the spread and adaptation of pests, like the venomous black widow spider, in building policies for human and biodiversity health.

opencc-zeroDec 2014View details →

Data from: High levels of interspecific gene flow in an endemic cichlid fish adaptive radiation from an extreme lake environment

Studying recent adaptive radiations in isolated insular systems avoids complicating causal events and thus may offer clearer insight into mechanisms generating biological diversity. Here, we investigate evolutionary relationships and genomic differentiation within the recent radiation of Alcolapia cichlid fish that exhibit extensive phenotypic diversification, and which are confined to the extreme soda lakes Magadi and Natron in East Africa. We generated an extensive RAD data set of 96 individuals from multiple sampling sites and found evidence for genetic admixture between species within Lake Natron, with the highest levels of admixture between sympatric populations of the most recently diverged species. Despite considerable environmental separation, populations within Lake Natron do not exhibit isolation by distance, indicating panmixia within the lake, although individuals within lineages clustered by population in phylogenomic analysis. Our results indicate exceptionally low genetic differentiation across the radiation despite considerable phenotypic trophic variation, supporting previous findings from smaller data sets; however, with the increased power of densely sampled SNPs, we identify genomic peaks of differentiation (FST outliers) between Alcolapia species. While evidence of ongoing gene flow and interspecies hybridization in certain populations suggests that Alcolapia species are incompletely reproductively isolated, the identification of outlier SNPs under diversifying selection indicates the radiation is undergoing adaptive divergence.

opencc-zeroDec 2017View details →

Data from: A lateral flow immunochromatographic strip test for rapid detection of hexoestrol in fish samples

A lateral flow immunochromatographic test strip was developed for on-site rapid and sensitive detection of Hexoestrol (HES) residues in fish samples with colloidal gold labeled the anti-HES monoclonal antibody (mAb). The strip is composed of a sample pad, a conjugate reagent pad, an absorbent pad, and a test membrane containing a control line and a test line. The sensitivity (half inhibitory concentration, IC50) of the strip in the detection of fish extract samples was confirmed to be 1.86 μg/kg, and the limit detection (LOD) value was 0.62 μg/kg. For intra-assay and inter-assay reproducibility, recoveries of HES spiked samples were ranged from 86.3% to 92.3% and 85.8% to 93.4%, coefficients of variation were 2.91-4.64% and 4.24-5.17% respectively. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was employed to confirm the performance of the strip. The strip test only took less than 10 minutes, and thus provides a repaid method for on-site detection of HES residues.

Data from: Population structure, gene flow, and historical demography of a small coastal shark (Carcharhinus isodon) in US waters of the Western Atlantic Ocean

Patterns of population structure, genetic demographics, and gene flow in the small coastal shark Carcharhinus isodon (finetooth shark) sampled from two discrete nurseries along the southeastern US coast (Atlantic) and three nurseries in the northern Gulf of Mexico (Gulf), were assessed using 16 nuclear-encoded microsatellites and 1077 base pairs of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region. Significant heterogeneity in microsatellite allele distributions was detected among all localities except between the two in the Atlantic. Significant heterogeneity in mtDNA haplotypes was not detected, a result likely due to extremely low mtDNA diversity. The genetic discontinuities combined with seasonal movement patterns, a patchy distribution of appropriate nursery habitat, the apparent absence of sex-biased gene flow, and the occurrence of mating in the vicinity of nursery areas, suggest that both male and female finetooth sharks display regional philopatry to discrete nursery areas. Global and local tests of neutrality, using mtDNA haplotypes, and demographic model testing, using Approximate Bayesian Computation of microsatellite alleles, supported a range-wide expansion of finetooth sharks into US waters occurring less than ∼9000 years ago. These findings add to the growing number of studies in a variety of coastally distributed marine fishes documenting significant barriers to gene flow around peninsular Florida and in the eastern Gulf. The findings also provide further evidence that the traditional model of behavioural ecology, based on large coastal sharks, may not be appropriate for understanding and conserving small coastal sharks.

opencc-zeroDec 2013View details →

Data from: Fluid-dynamic optimal design of helical vascular graft for stenotic disturbed flow

Although a helical configuration of a prosthetic vascular graft appears to be clinically beneficial in suppressing thrombosis and intimal hyperplasia, an optimization of a helical design has yet to be achieved because of the lack of a detailed understanding on hemodynamic features in helical grafts and their fluid dynamic influences. In the present study, the swirling flow in a helical graft was hypothesized to have beneficial influences on a disturbed flow structure such as stenotic flow. The characteristics of swirling flows generated by helical tubes with various helical pitches and curvatures were investigated to prove the hypothesis. The fluid dynamic influences of these helical tubes on stenotic flow were quantitatively analysed by using a particle image velocimetry technique. Results showed that the swirling intensity and helicity of the swirling flow have a linear relation with a modified Germano number (Gn*) of the helical pipe. In addition, the swirling flow generated a beneficial flow structure at the stenosis by reducing the size of the recirculation flow under steady and pulsatile flow conditions. Therefore, the beneficial effects of a helical graft on the flow field can be estimated by using the magnitude of Gn*. Finally, an optimized helical design with a maximum Gn* was suggested for the future design of a vascular graft.

opencc-zeroDec 2013View details →

Data from: Reanalysis suggests that genomic islands of speciation are due to reduced diversity, not reduced gene flow

The metaphor of "genomic islands of speciation" was first used to describe heterogeneous differentiation among loci between the genomes of closely related species. The biological model proposed to explain these differences was that the regions showing high levels of differentiation were resistant to gene flow between species, while the remainder of the genome was being homogenized by gene flow and consequently showed lower levels of differentiation. However, the conditions under which such differentiation can occur at multiple unlinked loci are restrictive; additionally, essentially all previous analyses have been carried out using relative measures of divergence, which can be misleading when regions with different levels of recombination are compared. Here we test the model of differential gene flow by asking whether absolute divergence is also higher in the previously identified "islands." Using five species-pairs for which full sequence data is available, we find that absolute measures of divergence are not higher in genomic islands. Instead, in all cases examined we find reduced diversity in these regions, a consequence of which is that relative measures of divergence are abnormally high. These data therefore do not support a model of differential gene flow among loci, though islands of relative divergence may represent loci involved in local adaptation. Simulations using the program IMa2 further suggest that inferences of any gene flow may be incorrect in many comparisons. We instead present an alternative explanation for heterogeneous patterns of differentiation, one in which post-speciation selection generates patterns consistent with multiple aspects of the data.

Data from: Bacterial characterization of Beijing drinking water by flow cytometry and MiSeq sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene

Flow cytometry (FCM) and 16S rRNA gene sequencing data are commonly used to monitor and characterize microbial differences in drinking water distribution systems. In this study, to assess microbial differences in drinking water distribution systems, 12 water samples from different sources water (groundwater, GW; surface water, SW) were analyzed by FCM, heterotrophic plate count (HPC), and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. FCM intact cell concentrations varied from 2.2 × 103 cells/mL to 1.6 × 104 cells/mL in the network. Characteristics of each water sample were also observed by FCM fluorescence fingerprint analysis. 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that Proteobacteria (76.9–42.3%) or Cyanobacteria (42.0–3.1%) was most abundant among samples. Proteobacteria were abundant in samples containing chlorine, indicating resistance to disinfection. Interestingly, Mycobacterium, Corynebacterium, and Pseudomonas, were detected in drinking water distribution systems. There was no evidence that these microorganisms represented a health concern through water consumption by the general population. However, they provided a health risk for special crowd, such as the elderly or infants, patients with burns and immune-compromised people exposed by drinking. The combined use of FCM to detect total bacteria concentrations and sequencing to determine the relative abundance of pathogenic bacteria resulted in the quantitative evaluation of drinking water distribution systems. Knowledge regarding the concentration of opportunistic pathogenic bacteria will be particularly useful for epidemiological studies.

Data from: Force and torque on spherical particles in micro-channel flows using computational fluid dynamics

To delineate the influence of hemodynamic force on cell adhesion processes, model in vitro fluidic assays that mimic physiological conditions are commonly employed. Herein, we offer a framework for solution of the three-dimensional Navier–Stokes equations using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to estimate the forces resulting from fluid flow near a plane acting on a sphere that is either stationary or in free flow, and we compare these results to a widely used theoretical model that assumes Stokes flow with a constant shear rate. We find that while the full three-dimensional solutions using a parabolic velocity profile in CFD simulations yield similar translational velocities to those predicted by the theoretical method, the CFD approach results in approximately 50% larger rotational velocities over the wall shear stress range of 0.1–5.0 dynes cm−2. This leads to an approximately 25% difference in force and torque calculations between the two methods. When compared with experimental measurements of translational and rotational velocities of microspheres or cells perfused in microfluidic channels, the CFD simulations yield significantly less error. We propose that CFD modelling can provide better estimations of hemodynamic force levels acting on perfused microspheres and cells in flow fields through microfluidic devices used for cell adhesion dynamics analysis.

opencc-zeroDec 2017View details →

Data from: Hodge decomposition of wall shear stress vector fields characterizing biological flows

A discrete boundary-sensitive Hodge decomposition is proposed as a central tool for the analysis of wall shear stress (WSS) vector fields in aortic blood flows. The method is based on novel results for the smooth and discrete Hodge-Morrey-Friedrichs decomposition on manifolds with boundary and subdivides the WSS vector field into five components: gradient (curl-free), co-gradient (divergence-free), and three harmonic fields induced from the boundary, which are called the center, Neumann and Dirichlet fields. First, an analysis of WSS in several simulated simplified phantom geometries (duct and idealized aorta) was performed in order to understand the impact of the five components. It was shown that the decomposition is able to distinguish harmonic blood flow arising from the inlet from harmonic circulations induced by the interior topology of the geometry. Finally, a comparative analysis of 11 patients with coarctation of the aorta (CoA) before and after treatment as well as 10 controls patient was done. The study shows a significant difference between the CoA patients and the healthy controls before and after the treatment. This means a global difference between aortic shapes of diseased and healthy subjects, thus leading to a new type of WSS-based analysis and classification of pathological and physiological blood flow.

Data from: Not going with the flow: a comprehensive time-calibrated phylogeny of dragonflies (Anisoptera: Odonata: Insecta) provides evidence for the role of lentic habitats on diversification

Ecological diversification of aquatic insects has long been suspected to have been driven by differences in freshwater habitats, which can be classified into flowing (lotic) waters and standing (lentic) waters. The contrasting characteristics of lotic and lentic freshwater systems imply different ecological constraints on their inhabitants. The ephemeral and discontinuous character of most lentic water bodies may encourage dispersal by lentic species in turn reducing geographical isolation among populations. Hence, speciation probability would be lower in lentic species. Here, we assess the impact of habitat use on diversification patterns in dragonflies (Anisoptera: Odonata). Based on the eight nuclear and mitochondrial genes, we inferred species diversification with a model-based evolutionary framework, to account for rate variation through time and among lineages and to estimate the impact of larval habitat on the potentially nonrandom diversification among anisopteran groups. Ancestral state reconstruction revealed lotic fresh water systems as their original primary habitat, while lentic waters have been colonized independently in Aeshnidae, Corduliidae and Libellulidae. Furthermore, our results indicate a positive correlation of speciation and lentic habitat colonization by dragonflies: speciation rates increased in lentic Aeshnidae and Libellulidae, whereas they remain mostly uniform among lotic groups. This contradicts the hypothesis of inherently lower speciation in lentic groups and suggests species with larger ranges are more likely to diversify, perhaps due to higher probability of larger areas being dissected by geographical barriers. Furthermore, larger range sizes may comprise more habitat types, which could also promote speciation by providing additional niches, allowing the coexistence of emerging species.

opencc-zeroDec 2013View details →

Data from: Local adaptation despite high gene flow in the waterfall-climbing Hawaiian goby, Sicyopterus stimpsoni.

Environmental heterogeneity can promote the emergence of locally adapted phenotypes among subpopulations of a species, whereas gene flow can result in phenotypic and genotypic homogenization. For organisms like amphidromous fishes that change habitats during their life history, the balance between selection and migration can shift through ontogeny, making the likelihood of local adaptation difficult to predict. In Hawaiian waterfall-climbing gobies, it has been hypothesized that larval mixing during oceanic dispersal counters local adaptation to contrasting topographic features of streams, like slope gradient, that can select for predator avoidance or climbing ability in juvenile recruits. To test this hypothesis, we used morphological traits and neutral genetic markers to compare phenotypic and genotypic distributions in recruiting juveniles and adult subpopulations of the waterfall-climbing amphidromous goby, Sicyopterus stimpsoni, from the islands of Hawai'i and Kaua'i. We found that body shape is significantly different between adult subpopulations from streams with contrasting slopes and that trait divergence in recruiting juveniles tracked stream topography more so than morphological measures of adult subpopulation differentiation. Although no evidence of population genetic differentiation was observed among adult subpopulations, we observed low but significant levels of spatially and temporally variable genetic differentiation among juvenile cohorts, which correlated with morphological divergence. Such a pattern of genetic differentiation is consistent with chaotic genetic patchiness arising from variable sources of recruits to different streams. Thus, at least in S. stimpsoni, the combination of variation in settlement cohorts in space and time coupled with strong postsettlement selection on juveniles as they migrate upstream to adult habitats provides the opportunity for morphological adaptation to local stream environments despite high gene flow.

opencc-zeroDec 2009View details →

Data from: How species evolve collectively: implications of gene flow and selection for the spread of advantageous alleles

The traditional view that species are held together through gene flow has been challenged by observations that migration is too restricted among populations of many species to prevent local divergence. However, only very low levels of gene flow are necessary to permit the spread of highly advantageous alleles, providing an alternative means by which low-migration species might be held together. We re-evaluate these arguments given the recent and wide availability of indirect estimates of gene flow. Our literature review of Fst values for a broad range of taxa suggests that gene flow in many taxa is considerably greater than suspected from earlier studies and often is sufficiently high to homogenize even neutral alleles. However, there are numerous species from essentially all organismal groups that lack sufficient gene flow to prevent divergence. Crude estimates on the strength of selection on phenotypic traits and effect sizes of quantitative trait loci (QTL) suggest that selection coefficients for leading QTL underlying phenotypic traits may be high enough to permit their rapid spread across populations. Thus, species may evolve collectively at major loci through the spread of favourable alleles, while simultaneously differentiating at other loci due to drift and local selection.

restrictedcc-by-4.0Jul 2024View details →

Flume data on flow resistance of flexible foliated woody vegetation

This dataset contains flume data on flow resistance of flexible foliated woody vegetation. The data have been previously reported and analyzed by Västilä et al. (2013), Västilä & Järvelä (2014), and Box et al. (2021), respectively. The data were used in developing and validating the modeling of flexible woody vegetation in D-FLOW FM module of the Delft3D Flexible Mesh (Delft3D FM) Suite, as reported in Västilä et al. (submitted). Two leaf-aread-index based flow resistance formulas (Järvelä 2004, Eq. 16, JAR; and Västilä & Järvelä 2014, Eq. 17, VAS) were implemented into D-FLOW FM by Västilä et al. (submitted).  This contribution consists of three datasets, in all of which the plants were approximately homogeneously distributed across the entire flume bed: 1) artificial nature-like shrubs with 2 cm tall understory grasses under low relative submergence (h/hd=0.9-3.1) conditions (Box et al., 2021), 2) Black Poplars at three plant densities under just submerged conditions (Västilä et al., 2013), and 3) four natural deciduous riparian species at different leaf-area-to-stem-area ratios (AL/AS) under just submerged conditions (Västilä & Järvelä, 2014).  The measured data are compiled in the file "Vastila_etal_2024_Flume data on flow resistance of flexible foliated woody vegetation.xlsx". Dataset 1 is located in sheet "Box_etal_2021_data.xlsx", while Datasets 2 and 3 are combined in sheet "Västilä&Järvelä_2013+2014_data". The corresponding metadata descriptions are included in separate sheets. The sheet "VAS+JAR_parameters" includes tables reporting the recommended parameter values of the JAR (Table 1) and VAS (Table 2) formulas as well as the parameter values of both formulas as derived at low and high levels of AL/AS (Table 3) to analyze the uncertainty of the formulas related to the parameter dependency on AL/AS (see Västilä et al. submitted). The datasets include a specific model ID code for each case in column entitled "Model ID". References - Box, W., Järvelä, J. & Västilä, K. 2021. Flow resistance of floodplain vegetation mixtures for modelling river flows. Journal of Hydrology 601: 126593. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126593 - Järvelä, J. 2004. Determination of flow resistance caused by non-submerged woody vegetation. International Journal of River Basin Management 2(1): 61–70. https://doi.org/10.1080/15715124.2004.9635222 - Västilä, K., Järvelä, J., & Aberle, J. 2013. Characteristic reference areas for estimating flow resistance of natural foliated vegetation. Journal of Hydrology 492: 49-60. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.04.015 - Västilä, K. & Järvelä, J. 2014. Modeling flow resistance of woody vegetation using physically-based parameters for foliage and stem. Water Resources Research 50(1): 229-245. DOI: 10.1002/2013WR013819 - Västilä, K., Berends, K.D., Järvelä, J., Penning, E.W.E. (submitted) Development of flow resistance modeling using state-of-the-art formulas for flexible woody vegetation in Delft3D FM.

Figure 3 from: Mesa-Varona O, Plaza-Rodríguez C, Valentin L, Filter M (2024) WarenstromInfo: a tool for the easy extraction and visualisation of trade flow data. Research Ideas and Outcomes 10: e112227. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.10.e112227

Figure 3 WI User Interfaces: UI3. In the UI3, countries involved in the query can be selected (I and J). Input data from UI3 are included in the query by clicking "Next" (K).

Figure 5 from: Mesa-Varona O, Plaza-Rodríguez C, Valentin L, Filter M (2024) WarenstromInfo: a tool for the easy extraction and visualisation of trade flow data. Research Ideas and Outcomes 10: e112227. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.10.e112227

Figure 5 A screenshot of the BACI SQLite database builder workflow. The workflow presented here is organised into two main sections, with interconnected KNIME nodes displayed in each section. The yellow-boxed nodes are responsible for creating and loading the database where the data are stored. The green-boxed section shows: Locate BACI csv files (BACI files must have been previously downloaded and stored in a folder that is pointed in the "List Files/Folders" KNIME node). Split the files according to the HS data provided and Load csv files, filtering and storage in SQLite database (carried out in each consecutive metanode). In this last section, the user can decide not to filter the data or customise the filter criteria of the BACI database, including more types of data apart from those agrifood data that are included in the default configuration of the workflow. Variable flow connections (red lines) can be removed in the second green-boxed section, if an HPC (High Performance Computing) service is available. This will allow the workflow to run much faster as the nodes will not be executed one after the other, but all at the same time.

Figure 4 from: Mesa-Varona O, Plaza-Rodríguez C, Valentin L, Filter M (2024) WarenstromInfo: a tool for the easy extraction and visualisation of trade flow data. Research Ideas and Outcomes 10: e112227. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.10.e112227

Figure 4 WI User Interfaces: UI4. The UI4 provides an overview of the final WI outputs, displaying a list with the initial input variables (L), three maps displaying trade flows (a world map, a world map focused on Europe and an European map) (M), download options (N), slide filter bars for value and weight preview (O) and trade flow data in the preview table (P).

Figure 1 from: Mesa-Varona O, Plaza-Rodríguez C, Valentin L, Filter M (2024) WarenstromInfo: a tool for the easy extraction and visualisation of trade flow data. Research Ideas and Outcomes 10: e112227. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.10.e112227

Figure 1 WI User Interfaces: UI1. In the UI1, users can select the desired database (EUROSTAT/BACI) (A). The database selection is concluded by clicking "Next" (B), which will lead the user to the following UI.