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FIGURES 47‑53 in First Instar Larva Of Atractocerus Brasiliensis (Lepeletier & Audinet-Serville, 1825) (Lymexylidae, Atractocerinae

FIGURES 47‑53: (47-49, 52-53) Atractocerus brasiliensis (Lepeletier & Audinet-Serville, 1825). (47) first instar larva (dorsolateral). Adult female: (48) dorsal; (49, 53) lateral; (52) abdomen (dorsolateral) with Uropodoidea deutonymphs presumably Trematuridae (ellipses). (50) deutonymph of Uropodoidea mite with fungi spores (black arrows); (51) conidium (red arrows) nearby deutonymph and fungi spores (black arrows).

FIGURES 3‑7 in First Instar Larva Of Atractocerus Brasiliensis (Lepeletier & Audinet-Serville, 1825) (Lymexylidae, Atractocerinae

FIGURES 3‑7: Atractocerus brasiliensis (Lepeletier & Audinet-Serville, 1825). First instar larva: (3-4) head (dorsal, lateral); (5) segments VI-IX (dorsolateral); (6) segments VIII-X (ventral); (7) metathoracic leg (lateral). des = dorso epicranial setae, fs = frontal setae, fss = femoral spatulate seta.

FIGURES 16‑24 in First Instar Larva Of Atractocerus Brasiliensis (Lepeletier & Audinet-Serville, 1825) (Lymexylidae, Atractocerinae

FIGURES 16‑24: Atractocerus brasiliensis (Lepeletier & Audinet-Serville, 1825). Mature larva (from Casari & Teixeira, 2011): (16) clypeus and labrum; (17) epipharynx; (18) mandible (dorsal); (19) maxilla (ventral); (20) labium (ventral); (21-22) head (dorsal, lateral); (23) prothoracic tarsal claw; (24) metathoracic leg (lateral).

FIGURES 8‑15 in First Instar Larva Of Atractocerus Brasiliensis (Lepeletier & Audinet-Serville, 1825) (Lymexylidae, Atractocerinae

FIGURES 8‑15: Atractocerus brasiliensis (Lepeletier & Audinet-Serville, 1825). First instar larva: (8) maxillo-labial complex; (9) clypeus and labrum; (10-11) right antenna (dorsal, ventral); (12) epipharynx; (13-15) right mandible (ventral, dorsal, mesal); cl = clypeus, crd = cardo, fcls = fronto clypeal suture, lbr = labrum, mit = molar irregular teeth, ms = malar setae, pfs = palpiferal setae, sa = sensorial appendix.

FIGURE 4 in Description of the final-instar larva and pupa of Neoneuromus ignobilis Navás, 1932 (Megaloptera: Corydalidae)

FIGURE 4. Female pupa of Neoneuromus ignobilis Navás at the pre-emergence stage. A. habitus, dorsal view, with abdomen stretched; B. habitus, ventral view, with abdomen stretched. Scale bar = 10 mm.

FIGURE 3 in Description of the final-instar larva and pupa of Neoneuromus ignobilis Navás, 1932 (Megaloptera: Corydalidae)

FIGURE 3. Female pupa of Neoneuromus ignobilis Navás. A. habitus, lateral view in natural condition; B. habitus, dorsal view, with abdomen stretched; C. habitus, ventral view, with abdomen stretched; D. apex of abdomen, dorsal view; E. apex of abdomen, ventral view; F. apex of abdomen, lateral view. Scale bar = 10 mm (A–C) and 4 mm (D–F).

FIGURE 2 in Description of the final-instar larva and pupa of Neoneuromus ignobilis Navás, 1932 (Megaloptera: Corydalidae)

FIGURE 2. The final-instar larva of Neoneuromus ignobilis Navás. A. habitus, dorsal view; B. habitus, ventral view. Scale bar = 10 mm.

FIGURE 1 in Description of the final-instar larva and pupa of Neoneuromus ignobilis Navás, 1932 (Megaloptera: Corydalidae)

FIGURE 1. Neighbour-joining tree of Neoneuromus species based on COI sequence data. Bootstrap values are shown at nodes.

FIGURES 19–22. Stenophylax espanioli Schmid 1957 in Description of the last instar larva of Stenophylax espanioli Schmid 1957 (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae) from southern Iberian Peninsula with the barcode of the species and synoptic key for identification of the known Stenophylax larvae from the Iberian Peninsula

FIGURES 19–22. Stenophylax espanioli Schmid 1957, final instar larva. (19) abdominal tergum IX, left lateral, black arrows pointing to A and C setae; (20) posterior abdominal segments, ventral, red arrows pointing to setae of sternum IX; (21) left anal claw, ventral, black arrow pointing to accessory hook; (22) larval case.

FIGURES 1–6. Stenophylax espanioli Schmid 1957 in Description of the last instar larva of Stenophylax espanioli Schmid 1957 (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae) from southern Iberian Peninsula with the barcode of the species and synoptic key for identification of the known Stenophylax larvae from the Iberian Peninsula

FIGURES 1–6. Stenophylax espanioli Schmid 1957, final instar larva. (1) head capsule, dorsal; (2) head capsule, left dorsolateral, blue circles referring to spinules; (3) head capsule, right lateral, blue circles referring to spinules, red arrow pointing to right antenna; (4) mandibles, dorsal; (5) mandibles and labrum, dorsal; (6) head capsule, ventral.

FIGURES 13–18. Stenophylax espanioli Schmid 1957 in Description of the last instar larva of Stenophylax espanioli Schmid 1957 (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae) from southern Iberian Peninsula with the barcode of the species and synoptic key for identification of the known Stenophylax larvae from the Iberian Peninsula

FIGURES 13–18. Stenophylax espanioli Schmid 1957, final instar larva. (13) abdominal segment I, dorsal; (14) abdominal segments I and II, right lateral; (15–16) abdominal sternum I of two specimens of the same population; (17) abdominal dorsum VIII, dorsal, red arrows pointing to posterolateral setae; (18) abdominal tergum IX, dorsal, black arrows pointing to long A and C setae, red arrows pointing to posterolateral setae.

FIGURES 7–12. Stenophylax espanioli Schmid 1957 in Description of the last instar larva of Stenophylax espanioli Schmid 1957 (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae) from southern Iberian Peninsula with the barcode of the species and synoptic key for identification of the known Stenophylax larvae from the Iberian Peninsula

FIGURES 7–12. Stenophylax espanioli Schmid 1957, final instar larva. (7) thorax, dorsal; (8) prothorax, left lateral; (9) left legs, posterior faces, black arrows pointing to additional setae; (10) left legs, anterior faces; (11) habitus, left lateral; (12) posterior abdominal segments, right lateral.

FIGURES 28–30. Psychomyiidae spp., instar V in A comparative description of the larvae of Psychomyia pusilla (Fabricius 1781), Metalype fragilis (Pictet 1834), and Paduniella vandeli Décamps 1965 (Trichoptera: Psychomyiidae) and comments on the larvae of other species belonging to these three genera

FIGURES 28–30. Psychomyiidae spp., instar V larvae. (28–29) Metalype fragilis: (28) left mesothoracic leg and pleuron, left posterolateral; (29) tarsus and tarsal claw, left posterolateral. (30) Paduniella vandeli, tarsus and tarsal claw, posterolateral. am = articular membrane, bsp = basal spur, cx = coxa, ds = dark seta, pl = pleuron. Except for the dark basal seta of a tarsal claw, the other setae are not shown.

FIGURES 26–27. Metalype fragilis, instar V in A comparative description of the larvae of Psychomyia pusilla (Fabricius 1781), Metalype fragilis (Pictet 1834), and Paduniella vandeli Décamps 1965 (Trichoptera: Psychomyiidae) and comments on the larvae of other species belonging to these three genera

FIGURES 26–27. Metalype fragilis, instar V larva. (25) Left prothoracic leg and coxopleurite, posterolateral; (26) tarsus and tarsal claw, posterolateral. am = articular membrane, b = brush of setae; bsp = basal spur, cx = coxa, epm = epimeron, eps = episternum, fe = femur, hc = head of coxa, pt = protrochantin, se = seta, s = suture, ta = tarsus, tc = tarsal claw, ti = tibia, tr = trochanter. Except for the dark basal seta of the tarsal claw (se) and the brush of setae of the tarsus (b), the other setae are not shown.

FIGURE 12a–o in Immature stages of the genus Oxythyrea (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) with a key to third instar larvae, and notes on the biology of the genus

FIGURE 12a–o. Thoracic spiracles of third instar Oxythyrea larvae, entire view (a–i) and detail of sieve plate (j–o). a, O. abigail; b, O. albopicta; c, O. cinctella; d, O. dulcis; e, O. funesta; f, O. noemi; g, O. pantherina; h, O. subcalva; i, O. tripolitana; j, O. abigail; k, O. albopicta; l, O. cinctella; m, O. dulcis; n, O. funesta; o, O. subcalva. Scale bars = 0.1 mm (a–i).

FIGURE 16. a in Immature stages of the genus Oxythyrea (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) with a key to third instar larvae, and notes on the biology of the genus

FIGURE 16. a, Cistus cretica visited by adults of O. dulcis (Greece: Peloponnese, Phalasarna, Kaiafa, April 2018) © D. Král; b, high altitude locality (1450 m) with O. funesta (Slovakia: Great Fatra, August 2016) © P. Šípek; c, O. funesta on Calendula arvensi (Morocco: Bouznika, March 2013) © D. Vondráček; d, typical biotope for O. funesta in North Africa (Tunisia: Cap Serrat, March 2014) © D. Vondráček; e, artificial hatchery for Aesculapian snake which serves as a perfect habitat for O. funesta larvae (Czech Republic: Оsvinov, Оctober 2017) © P. Šípek; f, fallen cork oak with freshly hatched adults of O. funesta in decaying wood (Morocco: Tazekka, March 2013) © J. Schneider; g, O. noemi with Protaetia (Philhelena) afflicta afflicta on Echinops spinosissimus (Cyprus: Aglantzia, April 2016) © M. Hadjiconstantis; h, one of the many biotopes with O. noemi (Cyprus: Vathylakas, March 2016) © M. Hadjiconstantis.

FIGURE 8a–l in Immature stages of the genus Oxythyrea (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) with a key to third instar larvae, and notes on the biology of the genus

FIGURE 8a–l. Left mandible of third instar Oxythyrea larvae, dorsal, medial and ventral view (a–c), right mandible of third instar Oxythyrea larvae: ventral, medial and dorsal view (d–f), maxillo-labial complex of third instar Oxythyrea larvae, ventral view (g–i) and metathoracic leg (j–l). a, O. pantherina; b, O. subcalva; c, O. tripolitana; d, O. abigail; e, O. albopicta; f, O. cinctella; g, O. pantherina; h, O. subcalva; i, O. tripolitana; j, O. abigail; k, O. albopicta; l, O. cinctella. Scale bars = 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 5a–r in Immature stages of the genus Oxythyrea (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) with a key to third instar larvae, and notes on the biology of the genus

FIGURE 5a–r. Epipharynx of third instar Oxythyrea larvae (a–i) and antenna of third instar Oxythyrea larvae, ventral aspect (j–r). a, O. abigail; b, O. albopicta; c, O. cinctella; d, O. dulcis; e, O. funesta; f, O. noemi; g, O. pantherina; h, O. subcalva; i, O. tripolitana; j, O. abigail; k, O. albopicta; l, O. cinctella; m, O. dulcis; n, O. funesta; o, O. noemi; p, O. pantherina; q, O. subcalva; r, O. tripolitana. Scale bars = 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 2 in Immature stages of the genus Oxythyrea (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) with a key to third instar larvae, and notes on the biology of the genus

FIGURE 2. Localities of samples (adult beetles used for laboratory rearing) used in this study. Samples with missing detailed collection data are not shown.

FIGURE 15. a, sandy coastal dunes with O in Immature stages of the genus Oxythyrea (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) with a key to third instar larvae, and notes on the biology of the genus

FIGURE 15. a, sandy coastal dunes with O. dulcis (Greece: Stomio, May 2015) © P. Šípek; b, O. dulcis in Calystegia soldanella (Greece: Stomio, May 2015) © D. Vondráček; c, O. dulcis on Anthemis sp. flower (Greece: Stomio, May 2015) © P. Šípek; d–e, sandy coastal dunes with O. dulcis (Greece: Crete, Phalasarna, April 2018) © D. Král; f, sandy coastal dunes with O. dulcis (Greece: Peloponnese, Phalasarna, Kaiafa, April 2018) © D. Král; g, Salvia cf. fructicosa visited by adults of O. dulcis (Greece: Peloponnese, Phalasarna, Kaiafa, April 2018) © D. Král; h, Medicago marina visited by adults of O. dulcis (Greece: Peloponnese, Phalasarna, Kaiafa, April 2018) © D. Král.