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FIGURE 10 in Heterodonty in Tyrannosaurus rex: Implications for the taxonomic and systematic utility of theropod dentitions

FIGURE 10. Distal set morphology in Tyrannosaurus rex. A, Rmx5 of AMNH 5027 in mesial view. B, Rmx5 of LACM 23844 in labial view. C, Lmx5–7 of CM 9380 in lingual view. D, Rmx6 of SDSM 12047 in lingual view. E, Lmx7 of MOR 555 in labial view. F, Lmx8 of MOR 555 in mesial view. G, Lmx9 of BHI 3033 in distal view. H, Rmx10–12 of FMNH PR2081 in labial view.

FIGURE 3 in Heterodonty in Tyrannosaurus rex: Implications for the taxonomic and systematic utility of theropod dentitions

FIGURE 3. Premaxillary crown morphologies in Tyrannosaurus rex. A, Lpm2 of AMNH 5027 in labial view. B, Rpm1 and Rpm3 of BHI 3033 in lingual view. Scale bar equals 5 mm.

FIGURE 9 in Heterodonty in Tyrannosaurus rex: Implications for the taxonomic and systematic utility of theropod dentitions

FIGURE 9. Mesial set morphology in Tyrannosaurus rex. A, Rmx1–3 of FMNH PR2081 in labial view. B, Lmx1 of SDSM 12047 in distal view. C, Lmx3 of AMNH 5027 in mesial view. Arrows show carinae.

FIGURE 6 in Heterodonty in Tyrannosaurus rex: Implications for the taxonomic and systematic utility of theropod dentitions

FIGURE 6. Denticle size comparisons and variability profiles, with respect to tooth position, for MAVG (A), DAVG (B), and DSDI (C) of Tyrannosaurus rex. See methods for units. See Supplementary Data 1, www.vertpaleo.org/jvp/JVPcontents.html, for data. Error bars equal +/− 1 standard deviation.

FIGURE 14 in Heterodonty in Tyrannosaurus rex: Implications for the taxonomic and systematic utility of theropod dentitions

FIGURE 14. Distal dentary set morphology in Tyrannosaurus rex. A, Rd4–5 of SDSM 12047 in labial view (arrow indicates carina location). B, Ld6–9 of FMNH PR2081 in labial view. C, Ld7 of BMNH R5863 in mesial view. D, Ld6 of FMNH PR2081 in distal view. E, Ld10 of SDSM 12047 in mesial view. F, Rd12 of AMNH 5027 in labial view. G, Ld13 of BHI 3033 in labial view.

opennotspecifiedDec 2006View details →

Theropod specimens used for tooth, nasal, and cranial strength calculations. Symbols used in diagrams are given in parenthe− ses for each specimen, followed by its specimen number and/or literature source. in Fused and vaulted nasals of tyrannosaurid dinosaurs: Implications for cranial strength and feeding mechanics

Theropod specimens used for tooth, nasal, and cranial strength calculations. Symbols used in diagrams are given in parenthe− ses for each specimen, followed by its specimen number and/or literature source.

opennotspecifiedJul 2016View details →

Fig 14 in An Unusual New Theropod with a Didactyl Manus from the Upper Cretaceous of Patagonia, Argentina

Fig 14. Strict consensus trees of theropod relationships showing alternative phylogenetic positions for Gualicho. (A) Strict consensus of 972 Most Parsimonious Trees (MPTs) of 1075 steps each resulting from analysis of the modified Carrano et al. [7] dataset with Gualicho and Deltadromeus added. Major clade names follow usage in [7]. Numbers above nodes reflect branch support values in excess of 1. (B) Strict consensus of four MPTs of 945 steps each resulting from the analysis of the modified Porfiri et al. [11] dataset with all characters treated as unordered. Clade names and branch supports as in (A). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0157793.g014

opennotspecifiedMay 2019View details →

Extended Data Fig. 7 in A new Jurassic scansoriopterygid and the loss of membranous wings in theropod dinosaurs

Extended Data Fig. 7 | Time-scaled recovered strict-consensus tree of Mesozoic coelurosaurians. Bremer and bootstrap values are labelled near the corresponding node in bold italic and upright non-bold font, respectively.

opennotspecifiedMay 2019View details →

Fig. 3 in A new Jurassic scansoriopterygid and the loss of membranous wings in theropod dinosaurs

Fig. 3 | Phylogeny and phylomorphospace of Mesozoic coelurosaurians. a, Simplified phylogeny showing the position of Ambopteryx (see Extended Data Fig. 7 for complete results, and full names for age and stage abbreviations). Myr, million years. b, c, Phylomorphospace based on principal component (PC)1 and PC2 (57 taxa) when both fore- and hindlimbs are included (b), and on PC1 and PC2 when only the forelimb is considered (c). Non-avian coelurosaurians are shown in grey, Oviraptorosauria in purple, Scansoriopterygidae in red, Deinonychosauria in green and Aves in blue. Silhouette of Archaeopteryx was from http:// phylopic.org/. Line drawings of the forelimbs of Deinocheirus, Microraptor, Ambopteryx and Dapingfangensis highlight the fact that, uniquely, scansoriopterygids have an elongate forelimb but short metacarpals.

FIGURE A1 in Abelisauridae (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Late Jurassic of Portugal and dentition-based phylogeny as a contribution for the identification of isolated theropod teeth

FIGURE A1. Cross-section outlines of the base crown at the cervix in nonavian theropods. A. subcircular; B. elliptical; C. subrectangular; D. oval; E. lanceolate; F. lenticular; G. eight-shaped; H. bean-shaped (reniform); I–J. U-shaped; K–L. Dshaped; M–N. 'Flying-saucer' shape; O. J-shaped.

FIGURE A8. A in Abelisauridae (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Late Jurassic of Portugal and dentition-based phylogeny as a contribution for the identification of isolated theropod teeth

FIGURE A8. A. Strict consensus cladogram of nine most parsimonious trees recovered from the analysis of a supermatrix including a dentition-based datamatrix and six recent datasets based on whole theropod skeleton (i.e., Xu et al. 2009; Brusatte et al. 2010; Martinez et al. 2011; Senter 2011; Pol and Rauhut 2012; Carrano et al. 2012). Initial analysis was a New Technology Search using TNT v.1.1 of a supermatrix comprising 1972 characters for one outgroup (Eoraptor) and 59 nonavian theropod taxa. Tree length = 3583 steps; CI = 0.546; RI = 0.604. B. Strict consensus cladogram of four most parsimonious trees recovered from the analysis of a supermatrix after the deletion of the two wildcard taxa Erectopus and Piatnitzkysaurus. Tree length = 3529 steps; CI = 0.575; RI = 0.642.

FIGURE 5 in Abelisauridae (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Late Jurassic of Portugal and dentition-based phylogeny as a contribution for the identification of isolated theropod teeth

FIGURE 5. Plots of CBR versus CHR of ML 962, ML 327, ML 966 and 23 theropod taxa comprising the data set. For reasons of clarity, only taxa with CBR of less than 1 were considered.

FIGURE A10 in Abelisauridae (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Late Jurassic of Portugal and dentition-based phylogeny as a contribution for the identification of isolated theropod teeth

FIGURE A10. Strict consensus cladogram of 96 most parsimonious trees recovered from the analysis of a supermatrix including a dentition-based datamatrix and six recent datasets based on whole theropod skeleton (i.e., Xu et al. 2009; Brusatte et al. 2010; Martinez et al. 2011; Senter 2011; Pol and Rauhut 2012; Carrano et al. 2012). Initial analysis was a New Technology Search using TNT v.1.1 of a supermatrix comprising 1972 characters for one outgroup (Eoraptor), 59 non-avian theropod taxa and ML 327, ML 966, ML 939 (coded as lateral teeth), and ML 962 (coded as a mesialmost tooth). Tree length = 3607 steps; CI = 0.529; RI = 0.58.

opennotspecifiedMay 2003View details →

text-fig. 41. Articulated pubes of two theropods in anterior view, illustrating different states of character 182. A, Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis', redrawn from Novas (1993). B, unnamed compsognathine from the Lower Cretaceous of Brazil; SMNK 2349 Pal. Scale bars represent 50 mm (a) and 10 mm (b). in The interrelationships and evolution of basal theropod dinosaurs

text-fig. 41. Articulated pubes of two theropods in anterior view, illustrating different states of character 182. A, Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis', redrawn from Novas (1993). B, unnamed compsognathine from the Lower Cretaceous of Brazil; SMNK 2349 Pal. Scale bars represent 50 mm (a) and 10 mm (b).

opennotspecifiedApr 2016View details →

Figure 1 in The theropod dinosaur Elaphrosaurus bambergi Janensch, 1920, from the Late Jurassic of Tendaguru, Tanzania

Figure 1. Important Late Jurassic dinosaur localities, showing the context of the Tendaguru Formation: 1, Tendaguru Formation, Tanzania (Oxfordian–Tithonian); 2, Kadzi Formation, Zimbabwe (Late Jurassic); 3, Toqui Formation, Chile (Tithonian); 4, Ca~ nadon Calcareo Formation, Argentina (Oxfordian–Kimmeridgian); 5, Morrison Formation, USA (Kimmeridgian–Tithonian); 6, various units, Portugal (mainly Kimmeridgian); 7, various units, central Europe (Kimmeridgian–Tithonian); 8, Sishugou Formation, China (Oxfordian); 9, Upper Shaximiao Formation, China (Late Jurassic); 10, Tiaojishan Formation and equivalents, China (Callovian–Oxfordian). Modified from Rauhut (2011), based on a palaeogeographic map from Colorado Plateau Geosystems Inc. (http://cpgeosystems.com/paleomaps.html).

Figure 20 in A description of Megalosaurus bucklandii (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Bathonian of the UK and the relationships of Middle Jurassic theropods

Figure 20. Time-calibrated strict reduced consensus of 24 unique tree topologies remaining after deletion of Eocarcharia, Magnosaurus, Megaraptor, Piveteausaurus, Poekilopleuron and Streptospondylus from 189 456 MPTs resulting from analysis of the total dataset (Appendix S3) of 41 taxa and 213 characters. Ensemble consistency index, 0.438; ensemble retention index, 0.604; ensemble rescaled consistency index, 0.264. Bremer support (single digit values) and bootstrap (multi-digit values) are recorded at the nodes.

Figure 15 in A description of Megalosaurus bucklandii (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Bathonian of the UK and the relationships of Middle Jurassic theropods

Figure 15. Pelvic bones of Megalosaurus bucklandii from the Taynton Limestone Formation of Stonesfield, Oxfordshire (A–N) and the Chipping Norton Limestone Formation of Oakham Quarry, Gloucestershire (O, P) in lateral (A, B, G, H, O, P), posterior (C, I), medial (D, E, J, K), anterior (F, L), distal (M) and proximal (N) views. A–F, left pubis, OUMNH J.13567; G–N, left ischium, OUMNH J.13565 (M, N, magnified ¥2); O, P, left ischium, SDM 1944.20. In line drawings (B, E, H, K, P), light grey tone indicates restored surface, dark grey tone indicates broken bone surface and crossed hatching indicates matrix. dit, distal ischial tubercle; isa, ischial apron; isb, ischial boot; ist, ischial tubercle; obf, obturator foramen; obn, obturator notch; pua, pubic apron. Scale bar, 300 mm.

Figure 9 in A description of Megalosaurus bucklandii (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Bathonian of the UK and the relationships of Middle Jurassic theropods

Figure 9. Middle caudal vertebrae of Megalosaurus bucklandii from the Chipping Norton Limestone Formation of New Park Quarry, Gloucestershire (A, B, F–J) and the Taynton Limestone Formation of Stonesfield, Oxfordshire (C–E) in anterior (A, D, G), dorsal (B, H), right lateral (C, F), ventral (E, I) and posterior (J) views. A, B, proximal middle caudal vertebra, BMNH R9675; C–E, middle caudal vertebra, BMNH 31812; F–J, middle caudal vertebra, SDM 1944.5. for, foramen; poz, postzygapophysis; prez, prezygapophysis; trp, transverse process. Scale bar, 100 mm.

Figure 2 in A description of Megalosaurus bucklandii (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Bathonian of the UK and the relationships of Middle Jurassic theropods

Figure 2. Left maxillae of Megalosaurus bucklandii from the Taynton Limestone Formation of Stonesfield, Oxfordshire (A–G) and the Chipping Norton Limestone Formation of New Park Quarry, Gloucestershire (H–M) in lateral (A, B, F–I), medial (C, D, J, K, M), anterior (E) and ventral (L) views. A–C, OUMNH J.13506; D–G, OUMNH J.13559; H–K, BMNH R8303 (only questionably from New Park Quarry) with magnification (¥2) showing foramina ventral to anteromedial process (J); L, M, SDM 1944.1 with magnification (¥2) showing foramina ventral to anteromedial process (M). In line drawings (G, I, K), light grey tone indicates tooth, mid-grey tone indicates restored bone surface, dark grey tone indicates broken bone surface, and crossed hatching indicates matrix. amp, anteromedial process; for, foramen; idp, interdental plate; jf, jugal facet; mxf, maxillary 'fenestra' (imperforate); pnu, pneumatic fossa. Scale bar, 100 mm.